Transcript Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple – passive

The Passive
Sample sentences
• The window was broken last night.
• Our IT system is being renewed at the
moment.
• A loan can be arranged within six days.
• Interest rates were raised by 1%.
• I have been offered a new job.
• A new job has been offered to me.
We use the passive:
1. When who does the action is not important.
•
The new design hasn’t been chosen.
2. When who does the action is clear from the
situation:
•
I was being asked some difficult questions at the
interview.
3. When who does the action is unknown:
•
The window was broken last night.
• Passive can be formed ONLY with
transitive verbs – those that have an
OBJECT
• Someone is walking in the street.-NO OBJECT
• Somebody damaged the goods in transit.
OBJECT
ACTIVE
ACTIVE:
PASSIVE
Subject
Mexicans
PASSIVE:
Object
speak
Spanish .
is spoken
in Mexico.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Subject
Richard Branson
Object
founded Virgin Records .
was founded
by
.
Form:
TO BE + past participle
Steps in making an active sentences passive:
Adam Smith wrote “The Wealth of Nations”. (active)
•
•
•
•
•
Find the object of the active sentence.
Put the object at the beginning of the passive sentence.
Put the verb TO BE in the tense of the main verb of the active
sentence.
Add past participle of the main verb of the active sentence
Add BY + subject of the active sentence (if necessary)
1. “The Wealth of Nations”
2. “The Wealth of Nations”…
3. was (because of WROTE)
4. written
5. by Adam Smith.
The Wealth of Nations was written by Adam Smith. (passive)
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Subject
Shakespeare
Object
wrote
“Romeo and Juliet”
was written
by
“Romeo and Juliet” was written by Shakespeare.
.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Subject
Our supplier
Object
is shipping the goods
are being shipped
next week.
next week by
The goods are being shipped next week by our supplier.
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Subject
They
Object
will not finish
the project
won’t be finished
by next month.
by next month.
The project won’t be finished by next month.
ACTIVE
Subject
We
PASSIVE
Object
can arrange
a loan
within six days.
can be arranged
within six days.
A loan can be arranged within six days.
Verbs with two objects
They promised
me
a better salary.
indirect object
direct object
• give, lend, offer, promise, sell, send, take smth. to smbd.
• book, buy, keep, make, prepare, save smth. for smbd.
ACTIVE
Subject
They
1.
I
PASSIVE
Indirect object
offered
Direct object
a new job
me
was offered
I was offered a new job.
2.
was offered
to
A new job was offered to me.
me
ACTIVE
Subject
They
1.
We
PASSIVE
Indirect object
gave
us
Direct object
a large order
were given
We were given a large order.
2.
was given
to
A large order was given to us.
us
THE PASSIVE: USES
If we want to mention who performs the
action we can use a phrase beginning with
by:
• The decision was taken by the committee.
• The missing file has been found by one of
the cleaners.
• The goods are being shipped next week by
our supplier in China.
THE PASSIVE: USES
Active or passive: If it is important to say
who performs an action, we can use the
active or we can use the passive and the
word by:
• ACTIVE: Peter Franks runs the Marketing
Department.
• PASSIVE: The Marketing Department is
run by Peter Franks.
Both of these sentences are correct.
THE PASSIVE: USES
If we were already talking about Peter Franks,
we would probably use the active:
• Peter Franks is an old colleague of mine. He
works for Butterfield International, and he runs
the Marketing Department.
If we were talking about the Marketing
Department, we would probably use the passive:
• The Marketing Department is a large and very
successful division that employs over 100
people. It is run by Peter Franks.
THE PASSIVE: USES
Systems and processes
The passive is often used to talk about
systems and processes, because we
are more concerned with the process
itself than who carries it out. For
example, here is a description of the
wine-making process:
Wine is made from the fermented juice of grapes. Grapes are picked
at optimum sugar/acidity levels. After picking, the grapes are taken to
the winery, de-stemmed and crushed in a variety of presses. The
juice is then clarified by settling or by centrifuge, yeast and sugar are
added and the wine is left to ferment in tanks. When fermentation is
finished the wine is poured into a clean tank to stabilise. It can then
be filtered and bottled and left to mature.
Active Passive
• Thank you for your order for
Pcplus software which we
received this morning. Our
team is dealing with your
order, and we expect that we
will deliver the package to
you within 10 working days. I
have included our current
price list as an attachment.
Please note we only
guarantee these prices until
31 December. Thank you for
choosing soft.com.
• Thank you for your
order for Pcplus
software which was
received this morning.
• Your order is being
dealt with by our team
and we expect that the
package will be
delivered to you within
10 working days.
• Our current price list
has been included as
an attachment.
• Please note that these
prices are guaranteed
until 31 December.
Complete each sentence with a passive
verb. You may need a negative form.
1. The goods _________
(damage) in transit last
were damaged
night.
is seen(see) by thousands of
2. This advert _________
people every day.
3. The project _________
(finish) by the end of the
will not be finished
month.
have been closed
4. Fifty retail outlets _________
(close) over the
last year.
are currently being
5. All of our IT systems currently _________
reviewed
(review).
6. Your order _________
until we receive
cannot(can/ship)
be
payment.
shipped