Transcript The Spanish – American War

The Spanish –
American War
Background
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Cuba was a Spanish colony
1895 – Cuban economy
collapses, they rebel
Spanish general uses policy
of “reconcentration,” puts
Cubans into guarded camps
America & Cuba
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America had business interests in Cuba
Destruction of American plantations
McKinley sends battleship U.S.S. Maine to
protect American citizens
Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine,
Havana Harbor, February 15, 1898
Directions:
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Read the headline
Does this suggest the article will be reliable or
unreliable? Why?
Directions:
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Read the article aloud with your partner
Fill in the first 3 boxes on your white paper
Is the article reliable?
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Find 3 pieces of evidence that suggest that
it IS reliable – put stars next to them
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Find 3 pieces of evidence that suggest it IS
NOT reliable – put Xs next to them
Directions:
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Read the headline for Document B
Does it sound more or less reliable than the
first document?
Now read Document B
Put Xs or Stars off to the side as you read
Awake United States!
This song was rushed into print between the sinking of the Maine on
February 15, 1898 and the declaration of war on April 25, 1898.
Eagle soar on high, and sound the battle cry!
How proudly sailed the warship Maine,
a Nation’s pride, without a stain!
A wreck she lies, her sailors slain.
By two-faced butchers, paid by Spain!
Eagle soar on high,
And sound the battle cry
Wave the starry flag!
In mud it shall not drag!
What really caused the sinking of
the Maine?
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Fill out the chart
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On the back of this sheet: Perform a
close reading analysis
In one paragraph, explain why one source
is more reliable than the other, by
examining the evidence they use and the
tone. Use quotes to support your point.
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From America: Pathways to the Present. By
Cayton, et. al. Prentice Hall. 2000.
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Then, on February 15, an explosion
sank the Maine, killing more than 250
American sailors.
Even though the blast probably had
been caused by a fire that set off
ammunition, an enraged American public
blamed the Spanish for the disaster and
called for war.
The Spanish –
American War
The Steps to War
1. The de Lome letter
 Stolen from Spanish Ambassador
 Described McKinley as weak
 Blown up in newspapers, people got upset
The Steps to War
2. Sinking of the Maine
 After the “attack,” newspapers called for
war
The Steps to War
3. McKinley’s war message
 McKinley asked Spain for the following:
 Compensation for the Maine
 End to concentration camps
 Truce in Cuba & Cuban independence
Spain’s Response
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Agreed to all of McKinley’s demands
except Cuban independence
McKinley decided he couldn’t resist the
growing cries for war
Had Congress authorize war against Spain
3 Steps to War
What were they…
1. de Lome Letter
2. Sinking of the USS Maine
3. McKinley’s war message
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The War
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Began April 25,
1898
Lasts only 114 days
“Splendid little war”
“A Splendid Little War”
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The war’s first action took place in the
Philippines
Admiral Dewey launched a surprise attack and
destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific Fleet in 7 hours
Battle of San Juan Hill
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Winning this battle would become the key
to American winning the whole SpanishAmerican War
Who was responsible for wining the battle?
Who won the Battle of San Juan
Hill?
“The Soldier”
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According to this source, who
was responsible for winning
the Spanish-American War?
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Should we trust this source?
Why or why not?
“Buffalo Soldiers”
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According to this source,
who was responsible for
winning the SpanishAmerican War?
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Should we trust this source?
Why or why not?
“Buffalo Soldier”
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Said he was a buffalo
soldier win the war for
America;
Buffalo soldier,
dreadlock rasta,
Fighting on arrival,
fighting for survival;
Driven from the
mainland to the heart
of the Caribbean
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Troddin through san
juan in the arms of
america;
Troddin through
jamaica, a buffalo
soldier Fighting on arrival,
fighting for survival:
Buffalo soldier,
dreadlock rasta.
America Wins!
Santiago surrendered July 17, 1898
 Americans took Puerto Rico easily, July
25
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The War Ends
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60,000 Spanish died
Approx. 6,000 Am. Died
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Only 374 from battle
Rest from disease
The Treaty of Paris (1898)
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Provisions of the Treaty:
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Spain recognized Cuban independence
For $20 million, Spain gave up the
Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the
United States
 Became “unincorporated” territories
meaning that they would never be
considered for statehood
Philippines’
Fate
Filipino insurrection
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1899-1902
4,300
American
deaths
Aguinaldo
Philippines Independence
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Military
Government
1902 Transition
Government
established
1916 US promise
for independence
Eventual
independence, July
4, 1946
Puerto Rico
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Territory of US with commonwealth status
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Highly developed relationship
US citizenship
Guam
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Territory
of the
U.S.
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Blue – United States of America
Orange – Commonwealth status
Green – organized, unincorporated territory
Purple – unorganized, incorporated territory
Pink – unorganized, unincorporated territory