Transcript Japan and the Meiji Restoration

Japan and the Meiji Restoration
Japan becomes a National Power
Tokugawa Isolation
Prior to the arrival of Matthew Perry of the
U.S. in 1854 Japan had been isolated for
200 years.
In 1500’s Europeans had tried to trade
with Japan however the Shoguns had
gained control of Japan and banned
contact with almost the entire outside
world.
Japanese Isolation
Japan had built an highly ethnocentric
society
Japanese were not allowed to travel outside
the nation
Foreigners were not allowed inside the nation
By the 19th Century The U.S. and Europe
were looking for markets were ever they
could find them and they turned to Japan
Commodore Matthew Perry
 In 1854 Perry gave Japan
a letter asking them to
open trade with the U.S.
 Americans and
Europeans wanted to not
only open trade with
Japan but also use
Japanese ports to repair
and resupply their ships.
Treaty of Kanagawa
The Japanese shoguns were impressed by the
American show of force.
Japan agreed to open its ports and signed the
Treaty of Kanagawa.
The Treaty gave trading rights to the U.S. and
soon other countries like Britain, France and
Russia also gained trading rights.
Treaty of Kanagawa
The Treaty had a powerful impact on Japan.
It weakened the power of the shogun who some
Japanese felt had given in to foreigners.
It showed that for for Japan to compete with the west
that Japan had to modernize and industrialize.
The Japanese rebelled against and overthrew the
Shogun, restored the emperor, and began to
modernize and industrialize.
The Meiji Restoration
In 1867 the samurai led the rebellion to
remove the Tokugawa shogun from power.
In 1868 the emperor was established as the
leader of Japan.
The period from 1868 to 1912 is known as
the Meiji Restoration.
Meiji means “enlightened one”
Modernization and
Industrialization
Once the Emperor
was in place he began
to make changes to
Japan that would
make Japan a world
power.
Modernization and
Industrialization
Borrowing from the West
The emperor sent advisors and government
officials to western nations to study
government, economics, technology, and
customs.
Foreign experts were also invited to Japan.
Modernization and
Industrialization
Economics
The Meiji government used western methods and
machinery to industrialize Japan.
The government built factories and then sold them to
wealthy Japanese businessmen, know as zaibatsu.
The government developed a banking system.
The government built ports and railroads
By 1890 the economy was strong, the population had
grown, and peasants moved to the cities looking for
jobs.
Modernization and
Industrialization
Government
The Meiji wanted a strong central government and
used Germany as their model.
The Meiji liked the strength of the Germany’s
constitution and that the government was run by only
a few select men.
Modernization and
Industrialization
Military
Samurai are no longer the only warriors in Japan.
Japan admired the discipline of the German army and
the skill of the British navy.
All men must join the military
Japan modernizes its navy
Japan develops a strong army and navy and defeats
European powers in warfare.
Japan as a Global Power
 By 1894 Japan had
transformed itself into a
major world power.
 Japan used its military
strength to become
imperialistic.
 Japan became
imperialistic looking for
colonies for raw materials
and new markets.
 Japan found these
colonies through warfare.
Japan as a Global Power
 Sino-Japanese War
 1894-1895
 Japan tries to expand into
Korea.
 China goes to war with
Japan over Korea.
 Japan quickly wins the war
 Japan gets Taiwan, ports in
China, and Korea becomes
a protectorate of Japan.
Japan as a Global Power
 Russo-Japanese War
 1904-1905
 Both Japan and Russia have
interest in Korea.
 Russia refuses to recognize
Japan’s rights to Korea.
 Japan launches a surprise attack
against the Russians destroying
the Russian navy and driving the
Russian troops out of Korea.
 Russia is forced to withdraw from
Korea
 Japan is seen as a major military
power with the defeat of a
European nation
Japan as a Global Power
Dependence on a World Market
Japan’s economy depended on trade. It
needed new markets.
Japan is an island and lack many of the natural
resources to keep their industrialization alive.
For Japan to compete with the world market
Japan would have to continue to be
imperialistic.
Japan as a Global Power
Results of Imperialistic Japan
Japan borrowed many western ideas to become a
modern and industrialized nation.
Japan quickly establishes itself as a strong military
power.
Japan needs to continue to colonize to keep raw
materials coming in and finished products going out
of the country.
Japan is truly the only country that needs to colonize because
they lack raw materials
Japan’s Industrial Revolution
v
Europe’s Industrial Rev
Japan
Japan’s Ind. Rev only
took about 30 years
because they
borrowed everything
Private corporationsWealthy class
Urbanization
Need for raw
materials
Europe
Europe’s industrial
Rev. a century because
they had to invent
everything
Private CorporationsWealthy class
Urbanization
Need for raw
materials