Transcript IENG 471 Lecture 17: Introduction to Order Profiling

IENG 471 - Lecture 17
Introduction to Order Profiling
Major portion courtesy of
Dale T. Masel, Ohio University and the
2009 Material Handling Teacher’s Institute
7/21/2015
IENG 471 Facilities Planning
1
Order Profile
 Definition: Order Profiling
 A summary of the important characteristics
of the orders that a warehouse needs to fill
 Examples of important characteristics
 Demand for items  What’s popular?
 Quantities ordered  What’s the workload?
 Unit loads  What equipment is needed?
Importance of Order Profiling
 Provides information about our population,
which is what we usually need when we
design anything
 We don’t design cars for individual drivers
 We don’t design clothes for individual wearers
 We don’t design warehouses for individual orders
 Profile gives us insight on the
characteristics of the individuals that
comprise the population
Order Profiling as Art & Science
 Art
 Determining which
characteristics are
relevant for a
particular situation
 Turning the
characteristics of the
order population into
an order fulfillment
system
 Requires expertise in
warehouse design
 Science
 Converting available
data into data
required for a profile
 Summarizing the
order population from
the available data
 Focus of this
presentation
Where to Start: Data Requirements
 SKUs
 What’s being stored, and possibly how it is
being contained
 Inventory
 How much is being stored
 Orders
 What’s being processed, and
 How much is being processed
Why bother profiling?
 Trying to sort through data can be
overwhelming
 Profiles are ways to organize the data
 Don’t want to just rely on averages
 Demand would exceed capacity 50% of the time
 Value of profiling is that it provides a
quantitative description of what a distribution
center needs to be designed to handle
Example of a Typical Order
Order#8
# of Lines
SKU #
Qty
6
1481
15
1979
12
2777
6
3927
9
3979
7
2840
9
A month’s worth of orders...
Order#1
# of Lines
Order#2
Order#3
Order#4
SKU #
Qty
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
Order#28
Order#6
3
1481
6
2
1481
3
2
1481
11
2
1481
18
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
Order#5 1979
Order#8 2777
# of3979
Lines SKU6#
Qty
24
2840
4
15
Order#7
1481
16
# of Lines SKU #
Qty 3
#
of
Lines
SKU
#
Qty
1Order#30
2840
3
1524
18
Order#27
#
of
Lines
SKU
#
Qty
18
6
1481
12 Order#9 1979
6
1481
15
# of Lines SKU #
Qty3
#6of Lines SKU #
Qty
2777
#
of
Lines
SKU
#
Qty
1956
12
1979
12
1979
12
Order#26
Order#10
5
1901
13
3
4060
12
2705
27
1
2705
9
2777
6
# of Lines SKU1955
#
Qty 6
# of Lines 1481
SKU #
Qty
14
5422
24
Order#13
2840
6
1972
3927
9
3
3927
18 12
Order#12
1
2839
1524
7 9# of Lines SKU #
Qty
6079
12
1901
Order#115422
12 6
3979
7
# of Lines SKU #
Qty1972
2
2840
24
7
Order#17
Order#25
1524
# of Lines6717
SKU # 24 6Qty
2840
9
5
1524
13 1955
1481
6
15
#
of
Lines
#
Qty
#
of
Lines
SKU
#
Qty
SKU
5
1481
8
2840
34
Order#31
4
1979
11
2840
18
3
3122
15
3927
12
Order#16
Order#19
# of Lines SKU3906
#
Qty18
3906
13
5422
6
1481
3
#3of Lines SKU #
Qty
#
of
Lines
SKU
#
Qty
2
2839
3079
15
1481
15
6079
12
6079
18
Order#15
1
1979
12
4
1901
12
1481
6
5422
18 Order#20
2840
14
4817
24
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
1481
6
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
6717
12
Order#29 13
Order#2324
4
1972
4800
Order#21
2
2705
18
Order#18
# of Lines 18
SKU #
Qty
# of Lines6 SKU #
Qty
Order#22
1524
5100
# of2840
Lines SKU12#
Qty
# of Lines 4 SKU # 1981Qty
24
3
1901
24
#
Qty
1481
9
4
1972
6# of Lines SKU
Order#24
4
1979 1955 9
12
5340
12
Order#32
1
1481
12
1956
36
1524
10
# of Lines SKU #
Qty
6079 1481 18
12
# of Lines SKU #1481 Qty 18
1481
9
2
3122
18
1481 1524 17
6
2
3906
17
1979
18
2811
18
5100
13
1481
9
Profiling gives us a way to make sense out of all this data
Examples of Order Profiles
 Item Family Profile
 Order quantity
 Unit Load
 Lines per order
 Cube per order
Item Family Profile
 Want to find families of SKUs
 Family = group of SKUs that can completely
fill a large number of orders
 Items in a family are stored together
and not spread over facility
 Reduces travel for pickers to get all items
for the order
Orders by Item Family
Order#15
Order#21
Order#29
Order#1
Order#5
Order#22
Order#28
Order#30
Order#6
Order#7
Order#9
Order#20
Order#24
Order#27
# of
# Lines
of
# Lines
of
#SKU
Lines
of
Lines
#SKU
of
Qty
Lines
#SKU
#SKU
Qty
#SKU
Qty
Qty
# Qty
# Lines
of
#SKU
of
Lines
#SKU
of
Qty
Lines
#SKU
# QtyQty
of#Lines
#Qty
Qty
# of#Lines
of
#SKU
Lines
of
# SKU
Lines
of
# Lines
SKU
SKU
#SKU
# Qty
# QtyQty
3 6 4 4 4 1481
3 1972
61981
131481
61901
24 12 16 13
121481
1 1481
5 1972
1979
1524
1524
241955
101481
12 18 14
1979
12 181979
1524
1481
1481
181481
91524
12 12 7
1955
6 91956
1956
1979
1524
6
1972
12 36 181972
7
1901
6
1955
15
1524
6
1
Family – A
0000-2500
5
14811524 8
28402840 18
39063927 18
30791481 15
54226079 18
13
34
12
3
18
Family-A & B & C
4060
5422
6079
Family – C
2501-4000
4001-7000
3122
39279 15 18
2839
5422
5422 6 12
6079
6717 12 24
Family-B & C
Order#18
Order#19
Order#23
Order#14
# Lines
of
# Lines
of
# Lines
ofSKU
Lines
SKU
#SKU
# Qty
# QtyQty
# of
#SKU
Qty
5 4 4 3
3
Family – B
# Lines
of
# Lines
of Lines
SKU
# Qty
# QtyQty
# of
SKU
#SKU
# of#Lines
of Lines
SKUSKU
# #Qty Qty
5
6 9 18 18
2 27772705
3122
1 2 2840
32705
2705 2840
27
2811 12 18
2840
6
Order#25
Order#10
Order#26
1 3 3
Order#11
Order#12
3
# of Lines SKU #
1979
1901
1901
1972
18 9 12 24
6079
1481
5340
1481
12 18 6 12
1481
4800
1481
6079
12 17 24 18
5100
510024 13 6
4817
6717
12
Family-A & C
Qty
12
24
12
Order#2
Order#3
Order#4
Order#8
Order#13
Order#16
Order#17
Order#31
Order#32
# SKU
of
Lines
# SKU
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
of
#Qty
Lines
#Qty
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
of#SKU
Qty
Lines
Qty
# Qty
#Qty Qty
#SKU
of
Lines
SKU
#SKU
Qty
2
2
2
43 21481
1979
11 3 17
21481
1122840
181979
2839
24 12
3906
61481
1 1481
15
3906
13 6 9
397928402777
6 1979
4 1481
15 12
1481
6 1481
1481
15
2777
6
2840
14
3927
9
3979
7
2840
9
Family-A & B
Plotting Item Family Percentages
30
Percent of Orders
25
20
15
10
5
0
A
B
C
AB
SKU Families
AC
BC
ABC
Information from the Profile
 We get a lot of orders for only family A items and
only family B items
 Items from family C are usually ordered with items
from family A or family B—rarely alone
 Use this information to group items by family in
separate areas
 Maximize number of orders that can be filled from a single area
 Minimize the size of each area (to keep travel distance small)
If room for three aisles, where would you put aisles for A, B, C?
Order Quantity Profile
 Look at what unit loads are needed to fill an order
 Pallets
 Cases
 Eaches
 A mix of these (progressive dimension system)
 Store in quantities to make appropriate unit loads
available for picking
 Easier for picker to handle
 Efficient to pick
 Improve picking accuracy
Plotting Order Quantity Percentages
45
40
Percent of Orders
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Full
Broken
Case Quantity
Mixed
Information from the Profile
 Most orders are filled with full cases, so most of
the inventory will be stored as cases stacked on a
pallet
 Storage equipment will be some kind of pallet rack
 For less than pallet quantities, different storage
equipment is possible, depending on conditions
 Pick from an open carton stacked on pallet with rest of full
cartons
 Store individual cartons on separate shelving or bins
Unit Load Profiling
 Look at what unit loads (full or partial)
customers order
 The unit loads that SKUs are shipped
in should be the unit loads you store
 Avoids wasted time repacking the SKUs
For SKU 1481
the most-ordered
SKU in this example
Unit Load
Order#12
Order#2
Order#32
Order#15
Order#21
of Lines
# of# Lines
SKUSKU
# #QtyQty
ofSKU
Lines
# of#Lines
of #Lines
SKU
# SKU
#Qty #Qty Qty
of Lines
# of#Lines
SKUSKU
# #Qty Qty
5 2
4
6
1481 13 3
1524
3979 34 6
2840
3927
12
1481
3
6079
18
3 units ordered
(½ case)
Order#1
Order#13
Order#19
Order#31
# of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
SKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
of#Lines
#Lines
ofSKU
#QtySKU
3
2
4
6 2839
2148128401901
24 12 3
197914811481
24 1481
6 6 6
24
1524 4800
18
5100
6
6 units ordered
(1 case)
4
2
Order#8
Order#17
197219723906
13 6 17
152415241481
18 10 9
14811481 9 9
19561979 36 18
9 units ordered
(1½case)
ofSKU
SKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
# of#Lines
of#Lines
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
#QtySKU
1
4
5148114811981
12 1972
12 24
1979 1955
12 1481 12
1955 1481
6 6079 12
1972 1524
12 4817 6
1901
6 6717
1524
6
12 units ordered
(2 case)
14811979 15
19793906 12
27771481 6
39272840 9
3979
7
2840
9
11
13
15
14
15 units ordered
(2½ case)
Order#5
Order#22
Order#29
Order#14
6
4
18
12
12
24
12
Order#4
Order#23
of Lines
# of#Lines
SKUSKU
# #Qty Qty
2
3
14811901 18 24
27775340 15 12
1481
18
18 units ordered
(3 case)
Plotting Unit Load Percentages
For a single SKU
20
15
10
5
Portion of Case Ordered
3
2 5/6
2 2/3
2 1/2
2 1/3
2 1/6
2
1 5/6
1 2/3
1 1/2
1 1/3
1 1/6
1
5/6
2/3
0
1/2
Percent of Orders
25
Information from the Profile
 50% of orders for this SKU require only fullcarton quantities
 6, 12, 18 items
 More than 75% of orders require a mix of
only full-carton and half-carton quantities
 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 items
 Packaging the items in bundles of 3 within the main
carton would reduce picking time for orders
needing 3, 9 , or 15 items
 1 move to get 3 items
Lines per Order Profile
 Each SKU on an order represents a “line”
 No. Lines = No. Locations a picker must visit
 May need to pick multiple units of each line
item
 No. Lines ≠ No. Units ordered by a customer
Lines per Order
Order#13
Order#20
Order#24
Order#32
Order#3
Order#31
Order#2
Order#4
Order#16
Order#22
Order#9
Order#6
Order#10
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
SKU
#QtySKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
SKU
#QtySKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
1
1
1
11979
114812705
12 2840
12 2839
9 3
2
9
2
2
22840
22705
23122
2423906
1821481
18 2839
17 1481
11 1481
3 3 18
148128402811
6 1481
12 2840
18 1481
9 3979
4 2777
6 6 15
Order#19
Order#29
Order#17
Order#15
Order#18
Order#21
Order#1
Order#23
Order#26
Order#27
Order#7
Order#25
Order#28
#SKU
of SKU
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
#Qty
#Qty
#Qty#
Qty Qty
SKU
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
SKU
#QtySKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
3
4
3
Lines
3
31901
33927
6 4060
24 2777
18 3122
12 6 15
31481
3
1481
16
197953405422
24 5422
12 2705
12 5422
24 27 6
1979
18
152414816717
18 6079
18 2840
24 6079
12 6 12
1956
12
# of#Lines
of#Lines
of
#SKU
Lines
of SKU
Lines
# SKU
#Qty
SKU
#Qty
# QtyQty
5
5 5 197219011481
181524
13
148114812840
122840
14
607915243906
123927
7
481719723079
241481
7
671719555422
126079
15
4
41901
41981
41979
12 1972
24 1979
11 1972
13 9
148119553906
6 1524
12 6079
13 1524
18 18
480014811481
24 1481
12 1481
15 1481
9 17
510015242840
6 1956
6 5100
14 1979
36 13
Order#5
Order#8
Order#14
Order#30
Order#11
Order#12
5
4
8 13
18 34
18 12
15 3
18 18
# of#Lines
of Lines
SKUSKU
# #Qty Qty
6
6
14811481 12
19791979 12
19552777 6
19723927 12
19013979 6
15242840 6
15
12
6
9
7
9
6
10
9
18
Plotting Lines per Order
Percentages
30
Percent of Orders
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
Lines per Order
5
6
Information from the Profile
 Provides insight on amount of travel involved
collecting all of the items for an order
 Provides insight on equipment / method for
carrying items picked by pickers
 Profile also indicates percentage of items that
consist of just 1 line
 These orders could be packed as they are picked,
since items from other zones aren’t needed
 May have a dedicated area for packing these
orders since they don’t need sortation
 (most appropriate when 1 unit of a line is ordered)
Cube per Order Profiling
 Cube is used to describe the space in
a warehouse
 All three dimensions are used for storage,
so we’re concerned about volume, not area
 Can be…
 Amount of space occupied by a unit load
 Amount of space available for storage in the
racks/shelves
assuming
0.1 ft3/unit
for all SKUs
Cube per Order
Order#16
Order#22
Order#9
Order#6
Order#10
Order#2
Order#3
Order#31
Order#4
Order#13
Order#20
Order#24
Order#32
Order#1
Order#27
Order#28
Order#25
Order#7
Order#19
Order#21
#Qty
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
Lines
SKU
#QtySKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
# of#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
Lines
#Qty
1
1
1
22705
3 11 3
11979
11481
1222840
1222839
9 1481
3 1481
9 2839
397928401481
6 4 6
0.1 to 2.5 ft3
#Qty
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
Lines
SKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
# of#Lines
of
# Lines
of
# SKU
Lines
of#Lines
SKU
of
##SKU
Lines
of
#SKU
Qty
#Lines
#ofSKU
Qty
#Lines
Qty
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
#Qty
Lines
ofSKU
Lines
#Qty
#QtySKU
2
2 2 2 1481
2 2840
3 2705
3122
324
3906
18
31481
1834060
1741481
6 43122
12 2777
16 1901
15 1972
6 12
318
24 5422
24 2705
18 1481
6 1524
27 6
27771481
2840
15
28111481
6 121979
18 5422
9 1979
152460791956
18 6079
12 2840
12 4800
12 1481
6 24
51001979 6
6
10
9
18
2.6 to 5.0 ft3
Order#29
Order#23
Order#26
Order#17
Order#18
Order#30
Order#5
Order#8
Order#15
Order#11
Order#12
Order#14
of
Lines
Qty
# of#Lines
of#Lines
of
#SKU
Lines
of##SKU
Lines
#
SKU
#Qty
#Qty
#Lines
Qty
QtySKU
of#
Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
SKU
SKU
##
#
Qty#Qty Qty
# of#Lines
#Lines
of#Lines
ofSKU
#Lines
ofSKU
SKU
#QtySKU
#Qty#Qty Qty
3
3
4
24
4 4 1901
111481
9 1481
24
181981
5 3927
6 1979
61979
1901
13 12
12
131979
18 1979
534054223906
126079
121955
1481
14 12
12
151955
17 2777
148167171481
181481
241481
1524
7 6
6
2840
51001524
14
13
197219723927
7 12
195519013979
15 6
15242840 6
5.1 to 7.5 ft3
15
12
6
9
7
9
4
5
5
13 1972
5197214811524
8 13
152428402840
18 1481
18 34
148139063927
9 6079
18 12
195630791481
36 4817
15 3
542260796717
18 18
≥ 7.6 ft3
18
12
12
24
12
Plotting Cube per Order
Percentages
40
Percent of Orders
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0-2.5
2.6-5
5.1-7.5
Cube per Order
>7.5
Information from the Profile
 Cube of an order represents size of
shipment to the customer
 Can affect method used to pack the order
 Pallet vs. Carton
 Size of carton
 May also affect shipping method
 Parcel delivery vs. Less-than-Truck Load (LTL)
Item Activity Profile
 Item Activity reflects how frequently it’s ordered
and picked
 Each order for an item represents additional work
for warehouse
 Travel to storage
 Retrieval from storage
 Considering Item Activity when assigning a
storage location can reduce the amount of work
when the item is ordered
 Especially for travel
Typical Item Activity
SKU #1481
Units
21,330/week
Pallets 150 units
Cube
0.6 ft3/carton
Activity of many SKUs…
SKU #3927
SKU #1524
SKU #6079
SKU #3906
SKU #1481
Units 1,2400/week Units 48/week
SKU #1979
SKU #3122
Units 48/week
Units 1,2400/week
Units
SKU #5422
Pallets 150 units
Pallets 90units
Units 1,2400/week
Unitsunits
1,2400/week
SKU #1956
Pallets 90units
Pallets 150
Pallets
Units
1,2400/week
0.6 ft3/cartonCube 1
ft3/carton
Pallets 150Units
unitsCube
150 units
48/week
Cube
1.2 ft3/carton SKU #2777
Cube Pallets
0.6 ft3/carton
Cube
Pallets 150 units
SKU #3079
SKU #6717
Cube 0.6 Pallets
ft3/carton
Cube 0.6 ft3/carton
90units
Units
1,2400/week
3
Cube 0.6 ft /carton
Units 1,2400/week SKU #2705 Units 1,2400/week
3/carton
Cube
1
ft
Pallets 150 units
SKU #2840
SKU #1972
Pallets 150 units
Pallets 150 units
Units 1,2400/week
Cube
0.6
ft3/carton
Units 1,2400/week
3
Units 1,2400/week
Cube 1.2 ft /cartonPallets 150 units
Cube#3979
0.6 ft3/carton
SKU
Pallets 150 units
Pallets 90 units
SKU #4817
Cube
0.6 ft3/carton
Units 1,2400/week
SKU #5100
3
Cube 0.6 ft /carton
Cube 1 ft3/carton
Units 1,2400/week
Pallets 150 units
Units 19/week
SKU #1981
SKU #5340
SKU #2839
Pallets 150 units
Cube 1ft3/carton
Pallets 45 units
Units 1,2400/week
3/carton
Units 12/week
Units 12/week
Cube
0.6
ft
3
Cube#1901
1.2 ft /carton
SKU
Pallets 150 units
SKU #2811
Pallets 45units
Pallets 150 units
Units
SKU #4800
SKU1,2400/week
#1955
Cube 0.6 ft3/carton
3/carton
Units 18/week
#4060
CubeSKU
1.2ft
Cube 1.2 ft3/carton
Pallets
units
Units 1,2400/week
Units1501,2400/week
Pallets 45 units
Units 1,2400/week
Pallets 150 units
Cube
0.6 ft3/carton
Pallets 90 units
Cube 1ft3/carton
Cube
0.645
ft3units
/carton
Pallets
Cube 1.2 ft3/carton
Cube 1.2 ft3/carton
Creating the Item Profile
 Rank SKUs from most units/week to least
 Usually divided into three classes (A, B, C)
 A – Fastest movers
 Probably 5% – 10% of SKUs
 Consider keeping these in a special “Forward Pick Area”
 B – Average
 Probably 10% - 15% of SKUs
 Consider keeping these near front end of aisles
 C – Slowest movers
 Probably 80% or more of SKUs
 Store these in longer travel locations
Demand Profile
SKU #1481
SKU #1901
SKU #2705
SKU #3906
SKU #6079
SKU #1524
SKU #5422
SKU #1956
Units #1979
SKU
Units Units Units Units Units Units Units 48/week
Pallets
Units #2840
SKU
Pallets Pallets Pallets Pallets Pallets Pallets Pallets 90units
Cube
Pallets
Units 1,2400/week
Cube Cube Cube Cube Cube Cube Cube
Cube 150 units
Pallets
Cube
0.6 ft3/carton
SKU #1972
SKU #3122
SKU #4817
SKU #3979
Units #3927
Units #2777
Units #5100
Units #2839
SKU
SKU
SKU
SKU
Pallets
Pallets
Pallets
Pallets
Units
Units
Units
Units
SKU #6717
SKU #1981
SKU #2811
SKU #4060
Cube
Cube
Cube
Cube
Pallets
Pallets
Pallets
Pallets
Units
Units
Units
Units
SKU #1955
SKU #4800
SKU #3079
SKU #5340
Cube
Pallets Cube
Pallets Cube
Pallets
Pallets 12/week
Units
Units
Units Cube
Units
Cube
Pallets Cube
Pallets Cube
Pallets Cube
Pallets 45units
Cube
Cube Cube Cube 1.2 ft3/carton
1 ft3/carton
Plotting the Demand Profile
100
90
C
Percent of Cartons Shipped
80
B
70
60
50
40
A
30
20
10
0
SKU # ( Ranked from Maximum Demand to Minimum Demand)
Information from the Profile
 Most popular SKUs represent most of
demand, but a small portion of total SKUs
 Pareto’s Law: 20% of the SKUs account for 80%
of the items ordered
 We need to do a good job storing and picking these SKUs
because they represent most of the work
 A large percentage of SKUs (maybe even
more than half) represent the smallest
category of demand
Applications of the Item Profile
 Grouping SKUs into classes for storage
 Identifying assignments in Forward and
Reserve storage areas
 Storage and material handling strategies
Getting Started
 Profiling requires data
 Need several months, to provide a picture of the long-term
situation (seasonality)
 Data will probably require preparation
 Identify which data fields in the Work Management System
(WMS) contain the needed data
 May have data values that need to be fixed
 Design shouldn’t start until you have a profile that
describes your warehouse situation
Data Preparation
 Data may not be complete
 Empty fields where data wasn’t available or recorded
 Data may not be accurate
 Invalid SKUs
 Negative inventory levels
 Need to clean up this information
 Fix values where possible
 Delete entries if fix isn’t possible
 Probably will need to be done manually
What comes next…
 Completed profiles give data that is
needed for an effective facility design
 Amount of space (cube) for storage
 Types of storage equipment
 Profiles are also used to design
operations
 Methods for order picking
 Equipment for order picking
In Summary
Order profiling…
 … needs to be done before a warehouse is
designed (or redesigned)
 … is never complete because the order
characteristics change and the warehouse design
and management need to be updated to reflect
these changes
 … if done accurately, yields excellent results and
useful information
 … if done incorrectly, can produce inaccurate
conclusions and lead to bad decisions
Sources for further reading
 Warehouse and Distribution Science, John
Bartholdi and Steven Hackman (2008).
Available on-line at
http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~jjb/wh/
 Facilities Planning, James Tompkins, John White,
Yavuz Bozer, and Jose Tanchoco, 3rd Edition
(2002) Wiley.
 World-Class Warehousing and Material Handling,
Edward Frazelle (2001) McGraw-Hill.
Questions & Issues?
7/21/2015
IENG 471 Facilities Planning
42