Transcript Safeguarding Adults and Children Level 1

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Safeguarding Children Level 1
Safeguarding children is everyone's
responsibility
Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people
A 'child' is anyone up to their eighteenth birthday.
The Children Act 1989 defines a child in need; as children or young people who
because of their vulnerability, will need the provision of services in order to reach or
maintain a satisfactory level of health or development.
.
Safeguarding and promoting the welfare
of children is defined as protecting
children from maltreatment, preventing
impairment of children's health and
development and ensuring children
have optimum life chances
All staff have a statutory
duty to report concerns
regarding a child's welfare
to their Line Manager
and/or the Safeguarding
Children Team.
The Children Act Section 47
The Children Act 1989) introduced the concept
of significant harm as a definition of abuse;
harm means ill treatment or the impairment of
health or development including impairment
from seeing or hearing the ill treatment of
another
Significant relates to the child’s health and
development and the comparison with that
which could reasonably be expected of a
similar child.
Where a child or young person has been identified as
at risk of significant harm the Local Authority (Social
Care) has a legal duty to make enquiries and take
appropriate action to ensure the safety of the
child/young person. Consent for these enquiries is not
obligatory, but agencies will always seek to work with
parents where this does not place the child or young
person at increased risk.
Abusers come from all walks of life
Children may be abused by:
Someone the
child knows
well or more
rarely a
stranger.
Abuse can occur within the family, an
institution or community setting. Abuse can
occur in all social groups regardless of age,
gender, race, religion, culture, social class or
financial position.
By an
Adult(s)
By a
child/young
person
All staff who work with children or adults from any service have a responsibility in safeguarding
children when they become aware of or identify a child at risk of harm. This includes considering
the implications for children of parents’ or users’ behaviours and the impact these may have on
their parenting capacity.
Child abuse can be divided into four
categories
Physical Abuse
Involves a range of physical injuries including hitting,
shaking, throwing, poisoning, burning, scalding,
drowning or suffocating and also includes fabricated and/or
induced illness.
Signs that could indicate physical abuse
include:
Bruising
Bruising on a non-mobile baby or child (maybe non
mobile because of age or disability)
On any fleshy, non-bony part of the body, for
example: face, neck, buttocks or back
Bruises are more likely to be accidental when found
on the bony prominences of the body for example:
forehead, chin, knees, shin, back of head
Fabricated or Induced Illness is classed as a
physical abuse where a parent/carer fabricates
or deliberately induces illness in a child
Burns & Scalds
Burns include scalds from hot liquids, contact
burns from hot objects (such as an iron) burns
caused by flames, chemical and electrical. Burns
with a clear outline or uniform depth for example
may be more indicative of non accidental injury.
Any injury which the child, parent, carer tries to
hide or give several different or unlikely
explanations, should raise concerns. In these
circumstances advice should always be sought.
Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse involves forcing or enticing
a child or young person to take part in
sexual activities, including sexual
exploitation whether or not the child is
aware of what is happening.
This may involve sexual physical
contact or non-contact activities
including coercing or grooming
children by the use
of pornographic material or
watching sexual activities including
those via the internet, webcams,
cameras, mobile phones, or
encouraging children to behave in
sexually inappropriate ways.
Trust staff must report any
known cases to their line
manager and the Trust
Safeguarding Team and a
referral made to Children’s
Social Care. It may also be
appropriate to contact the
Police if the situation is
urgent, although social care
will always liaise with them
It is important to recognise that
children & young people can be
sexually abused by adult males,
females and other children &
young people
Any sexual act with a child under
13 years is illegal and classed
as statutory rape, as a child is
not capable of consenting to
sexual activity.
If you are aware of a child that has
contact with an adult with prior
allegations or convictions of sexual
abuse you must seek advice from the
Safeguarding team and your line
manager with a view to making a child
protection referral.
Signs which could
indicate sexual abuse
include:
Changes in
behaviour such as
withdrawn, or
aggressive, risk
taking such as
running away or
substance misuse
Children displaying
inappropriate
sexualised
behaviour or
language for their
age and stage of
development
Emotional Abuse
A parent or carer may be:
• Emotionally unavailable to
the child, due to factors
including parental
substance misuse, mental
ill health or domestic
abuse
• Use the child for the
fulfilment of the adult’s
needs (children being used
in marital disputes) or
convey to a child they are
worthless or unloved.
• Conveying to a child they
are worthless or unloved.
– A child or young person may
present with changes in
behaviour for example: being
clingy, fearful, withdrawn,
attention seeking, self
harming, age inappropriate
behaviour & poor self esteem
Some level of emotional
abuse is involved in all types
of maltreatment of a child or
young person, although it
may also occur alone
Neglect
is the persistent failure to meet the child’s basic physical and or
psychological needs
Signs that could indicate neglect include:
• Missing routine health appointments
• Missing significant amounts of school, including children and young people that
are caring for others in the home and are unable to access education and social
activity
• Not having appropriate food, clothing or shelter
• Not being protected from harm or danger including witnessing domestic abuse
Neglect may occur during pregnancy
as a result of maternal substance
misuse.
Neglect has harmful physical,
emotional and social consequences
for children and young people and
can ultimately be fatal
These categories overlap and an
abused child frequently suffers
more than a single type of abuse.
Risk Indicators
You should be aware of factors that may affect parenting capacity
and impact on a child/young person’s safety and welfare
Domestic abuse
Prolonged and /or regular
exposure to domestic abuse
can have a serious impact on a
child’s health, development
and emotional wellbeing
‘Dad sometimes hits
mum when he’s angry. I
think it may be my fault
because I can never get
things right with my dad’
Natalie 14, Childline 2007
What type of abuse is this? Select the
correct answer to continue
Children can be at risk of
physical injury including
harm to the unborn
child.
UK evidence suggests
domestic abuse is a
known issue in 1 in 3
child protection cases.
Physical
Emotional
Neglect
Sexual
Continue
Parental drug and alcohol misuse
Misuse of drugs (prescribed or
illegal) and or alcohol is strongly
associated with significant harm to
the unborn child, children and young
people, especially when combined
with other features such as domestic
abuse and mental illness.
“My dad broke my nose
last year when he was
drunk. My sister has left
home. I feel empty and
hurt” Milly 12yrs (quote
from ChildLine 2007)
What type of abuse is this? Select the
correct answer to continue
Sexual
Physical
Emotional
Continue
Neglect
Parental Mental Ill Health
The majority of parents who suffer
mental illness are able to care for and
safeguard their children, however
nationally 25% of children who are
subject to Child Protection
Conferences have a parent with
mental health problems.
What type of abuse is this? Select the correct
answer to continue
“Mum’s always miserable. She
never asks me how I am. She
just sits in front of the telly all
day. I could be dead for all she
cares” Wayne 13 years (quote
from ChildLine 2007)
Sexual
Physical
Emotional
Continue
Neglect
Previous history of safeguarding
concerns
•Where a previous child/young person
has been subject to a child protection
plan (formerly known as the child
protection register)
•Where a previous child/young person
has been removed from home
•Adults or young people known to be a
Risk to a Child (formerly a Schedule 1
Offender)
Child Factors
Children under one year are
more vulnerable to abuse and
neglect as are:
•Children and young people with
any kind of disability
•Looked after children/young
people (LAC) those in private or
local authority foster care or
children’s homes
What to do if you are concerned for
the welfare of a child
All staff have a legal duty to report
any concerns they may have for the
safety and welfare of a child. If you
are concerned about a child or young
person you must seek advice from
the Safeguarding team and your line
manager with a view to making a
However, You may need to
child protection referral and DATIX.
ensure the child or young
person’s immediate safety
and access emergency
assistance if necessary. You must then inform
your Line Manager
or the Trust
Safeguarding
Team. Outside normal
working hours contact
the Manager on call
What to do if you are concerned
for the welfare of a child Cont.
If you are unable to contact your line
manager or a member of the safeguarding
team you should seek advice directly from
children’s social care.
Referrals to children’s social care must
be made within one day of identifying the
concern and telephone contact must be
followed up with a written referral within
48 hours. A DAITX must also be raised.
If the referrer has no contact from social
care then they have a responsibility to
follow up the outcome of the referral
You MUST record all
within 3 working days.
information and actions
clearly with your name,
designation, signature
and date.
Confidentiality and Consent
Staff cannot give assurance of confidentiality where there are concerns about a
child as information may need to be shared in order to protect the child.
Consent to share information
should always be sought
where possible, except when;
Permission has been
refused but sufficient
professional concern
remains to justify
disclosure
Seeking permission
is likely to impede a
criminal
investigation
When gaining consent
would place a child, young
person or an adult at risk of
significant harm
If you are uncertain about when to share confidential information, always seek
advice from the Trust Safeguarding Team or your line manager