Transcript Performing Apparatus Check
6 Performing Apparatus Check-Out and Maintenance
Knowledge Objectives
(1 of 4)
• Describe the inspection and maintenance procedures required by your fire department.
• Describe the inspection and maintenance procedures recommended by the manufacturer on each of the fire apparatus that you will be required to inspect, test, or maintain.
• Describe the items on the written inspection and maintenance forms required to be completed by your fire department.
6
6 Knowledge Objectives
(2 of 4)
• Describe the procedures to be followed when an inspection reveals maintenance problems beyond the scope of the driver/operator’s abilities.
• Describe the type of problems found during the inspection and routine maintenance of fire apparatus that warrant taking the fire apparatus or equipment out of service.
• Describe the equipment carried on fire apparatus that requires inspection and maintenance.
6 Knowledge Objectives
(3 of 4)
• Describe the routine maintenance procedures or adjustments to be completed by the driver/operator.
• Describe the maintenance procedures and items that will be performed by specially trained personnel other than the driver/operator.
• Describe the process to initiate required maintenance procedures.
Knowledge Objectives
(4 of 4)
• Describe the schedule for routine inspection and maintenance procedures for all fire apparatus and equipment that the driver/operator will be responsible for inspecting, maintaining, or testing.
6
Skills Objectives
• Perform the daily inspection of fire apparatus and equipment in a safe and effective manner.
6
Introduction
(1 of 5)
• Driver/operator duties – Safely drive apparatus – Operate equipment on apparatus – Inspect and maintain apparatus
6
6 Introduction
(2 of 5)
• Apparatus must be ready to respond and perform on the emergency scene as it was designed.
– Apparatus equipped with pump must be capable of flowing water at required pressures. – Apparatus with aerial device must be capable of operating as required.
© Mike Voss/Alamy Images
Introduction
(3 of 5)
6
6 Introduction
(4 of 5)
• Quality preventive maintenance program ensures that: – Apparatus are adequately maintained by qualified and trained personnel.
– Vehicles are inspected regularly by those who use them.
– Documentation is accurate and complete.
Introduction
(5 of 5)
• Many departments perform inspections at least daily. – Volunteer fire departments may do inspections less frequently. – Apparatus must be maintained and ready to respond to emergencies on a moment’s notice. – Safety is the most important and obvious reason for regular inspections.
6
Inspection
(1 of 10)
• Inspection involves an evaluation of the apparatus and equipment to ensure safe operation.
– Inspection should be planned, methodical, and performed in an organized manner. – Driver/operators conduct inspections: • At the start of the shift • When apparatus is being put into service after repairs • After a large incident when apparatus was used extensively at an emergency scene
6
Inspection
(2 of 10)
• Inspection process identifies deficiencies with apparatus or equipment that might limit apparatus from performing as required. • Most inspections are performed by one individual, but a thorough inspection requires two crew members.
6
Inspection
(3 of 10)
• Driver/operator must have a basic knowledge and skills related to vehicle maintenance to perform the inspection. – Driver/operator should be able to identify problems before they become critical safety issues. – Refer to the department’s inspection procedures before attempting repairs to the apparatus.
6
Inspection
(4 of 10)
• Conducting an inspection requires basic vehicle maintenance equipment and tools. – Every station should have the basic tools to aid in performing an inspection. – Driver/operator should have access to replacement fluids to maintain the fluid levels of the apparatus.
6
Inspection
(5 of 10)
• Driver/operator performing inspections, tests, and maintenance must know the department operating procedures plus the apparatus manufacturer’s recommendations. – NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, requires the manufacturer to provide documentation for the entire apparatus and each operating system.
6
Inspection
(6 of 10)
• Documentation includes: – Manufacturer’s name and address – Country of manufacture – Source of service and technical information – Parts replacement information – Descriptions and specifications of parts – Wiring diagrams for low-voltage and line-voltage systems – Lubrication charts – Operating instructions
6
Inspection
(7 of 10)
• Documentation includes (continued): – Precautions related to multiple configurations of aerial devices – Instructions regarding frequency and procedure for maintenance – Overall fire apparatus operating instructions – Safety considerations – Limitations of use – Inspection procedures
6
Inspection
(8 of 10)
• Documentation includes (continued): – Recommended service procedures – Troubleshooting guide – Fire apparatus component warranties – Copies of required manufacturer test data or reports – MSDS for fluid specified for use on apparatus
6
Inspection
(9 of 10)
• Driver/operator should use department’s procedures and manufacturer’s recommendations to help properly maintain apparatus – Specific fluids are required to ensure proper functioning. – Driver/operator must adhere to the manufacturer’s specification when adding fluids or he/she risks damaging the equipment.
6
Inspection
(10 of 10)
• Driver/operator must have tasks made clear and well understood before inspecting the apparatus.
– Driver/operator must consider safety. – Each department is responsible for training members on how to inspect the apparatus safely and thoroughly.
– Always wear proper PPE during the inspection.
6
6 Inspection Process
(1 of 7)
• Review the inspection form completed after the previous inspection.
– Inspection form is essential for maintaining an accurate record of apparatus condition. – Document identifies who did inspection and when. – Report identifies damaged or repaired equipment and other preventive maintenance performed.
Inspection Process
(2 of 7)
6
Inspection Process
(3 of 7)
• Some departments attach an inspection form to a clipboard and store it in the station office. – Other departments may have an electronic version and use a computer to track inspections. – Driver/operators from different shifts should communicate about apparatus and problems. – Taken with previous information, the current inspection could reveal a need for a qualified person to inspect the vehicle for defects.
6
Inspection Process
(4 of 7)
• Perform the actual inspection of the apparatus. – Investigation may take time depending on the size and complexity of apparatus and components. – Perform inspections systematically. – While conducting the inspection, the apparatus should be in a safe area.
• Parked on a flat, level surface
6
Inspection Process
(5 of 7)
• During the inspection, thoroughly document findings on the inspection report. – Ensure the documentation is as accurate as possible and no items are overlooked.
– Most items are inspected visually.
• Look for signs of damage, excessive wear, or defects.
– Some items must be operated during inspection to ensure proper functioning.
6
Inspection Process
(6 of 7)
• Driver/operator who visually inspects and operates the equipment during every shift will become familiar with the apparatus and its normal condition. – Driver/operator will recognize break downs or maintenance needs and can recommend repairs when necessary.
– Use the department’s policies regarding apparatus inspections as a guide.
6
6 Inspection Process
(7 of 7)
• After completing the inspection, review the report and make sure nothing was missed. – Many departments require members to complete the inspection by a certain time each day. – Take the inspection seriously.
– Failure to complete a thorough inspection may result in an unsafe apparatus on the road and at the emergency scene.
Fire Apparatus Sections
(1 of 3)
• The inspection is broken into sections. – Lets the driver/operator focus on a single aspect of the apparatus and discourages jumping around without a plan – Jumping around randomly leads to the possibility of missing critical elements.
– Driver/operator should use a system or sequence recommended by the department.
6
Fire Apparatus Sections
(2 of 3)
• First five sections apply to all apparatus. • Last two sections apply only to certain apparatus.
– Driver/operator must determine which items are applicable to his/her apparatus.
• Sections are inspected in order unless otherwise stated by the department.
6
Fire Apparatus Sections
(3 of 3)
• Order of inspection – Exterior inspection – Engine compartment – Cab interior – Brake inspection – General tools/equipment inspection – Pump inspection – Aerial device inspection
6
Exterior Inspection
(1 of 5)
• Physically walk around and look at the general condition.
– Is the apparatus clean and well maintained or worn and in need of repairs?
– Inspect compartment doors, hinges, and latches for proper operation.
• Tires are critical to proper stability, stopping capability, and ability to carry loads.
– Look for cuts, cracks, and fabric showing through the tread or sidewall.
6
6 Exterior Inspection
(2 of 5)
• Valve stems on all tires should be accessible and devoid of cracks and cuts.
– Valve caps should be securely fastened.
– Size and make of tires should match the manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Refer to manufacturer’s recommendations for appropriate tire pressures.
– Use a pressure gauge to check the pressure.
Exterior Inspection
(3 of 5)
• A damaged wheel or rim can make the tire lose pressure or slip off.
– Look for dents or large scratches.
– Wheels should not be missing clamps, spacers, studs, lugs, or protective covers.
• Power steering system reduces the effort required to steer the vehicle.
– Look for bent, loose, or broken parts.
– Inspect the amount of free play in the steering wheel.
6
Exterior Inspection
(4 of 5)
6
6 Exterior Inspection
(5 of 5)
• Suspension system keeps the vehicle’s axles in place and holds up the apparatus and load.
– Inspect the frame assembly to ensure that no parts are cracked, loose, broken, or missing.
• Visually inspect the exhaust system for loose, broken, or missing mounting brackets or parts. • Fuel cap should be securely fastened to prevent spillage or fumes leaking from tank.
Engine Compartment
(1 of 9)
• On most apparatus, the driver/operator needs to raise the cab to inspect most portions of the engine, including belts, hoses, and fan blades.
• Older apparatus may not have an access door through which to check fluids.
6
Engine Compartment
(2 of 9)
6
Engine Compartment
(3 of 9)
• Inspect the engine compartment while the engine is off.
– Examine for fluid leaks; broken, cracked, or damaged hoses; and electrical wiring showing signs of wear, chaffing, or damage from heat.
• Driver/operator may be required to maintain appropriate fluid levels in the apparatus.
– Do not rely solely on sensors to give an accurate reading of the fluid level.
6
Engine Compartment
(4 of 9)
• Check engine oil level with dip stick after the engine has been off for 15+ minutes.
– Delay lets oil settle and gives an accurate reading • Coolant level should be checked as recommended by the manufacturer. • Most systems provide an exterior coolant reservoir marked with the appropriate level.
6
6 Engine Compartment
(5 of 9)
• Use caution when removing the radiator cap as coolant may be under pressure and hot.
• Power steering system fluid is checked the same as engine oil.
• Transmission fluid is inspected while the engine is running.
– Park the vehicle in neutral.
– Use a dip stick similar to when checking the oil.
Engine Compartment
(6 of 9)
• Other fluid levels are checked by the fire department mechanic periodically. Refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations for correct fluid levels.
– Rear differential fluid (axle) – Hydraulic oil – Pump gear box oil levels
6
Engine Compartment
(7 of 9)
• Belts that drive the engine components and other equipment may loosen due to wear.
– Alternators, power steering pump, air compressor – Check the tension by pushing against the belt where there is no pulley.
• Examine the apparatus’s batteries for corrosion on terminals where wires connect to battery post.
– Remove corrosion by scraping with a wire brush.
6
6 Engine Compartment
(8 of 9)
• Physically removing an electrical wire connection from a terminal is normally done by a mechanic trained to perform the task.
– Improperly removing battery cables could cause severe damage.
• Driver/operator may check voltage levels by observing the voltage meter on the dashboard.
Engine Compartment
(9 of 9)
6
Cab Interior
(1 of 5)
• Check that all cab-mounted equipment is present.
– Portable radios – Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) – Maps – Traffic vests – Hearing protection – Medical gloves – Box lights
6
6 Cab Interior
(2 of 5)
• Check for worn or torn seats, cushions, dashboards, and headliners.
– Ensure all seat belts function properly and are free of cuts and frays.
• Apparatus controls in cab interior – Observe gauges measuring oil pressure, electrical system, engine temperature, and air pressure.
– Adjust seats, mirrors, and get familiar with functional controls.
Cab Interior
(3 of 5)
6
6 Cab Interior
(4 of 5)
• Make sure all gauges indicate a performance within normal operating ranges.
• Interior functional control switches: heater, air conditioner, defroster, map lights, dash lights, MDT, radio, and other devices – All should be inspected to ensure correct operation.
Cab Interior
(5 of 5)
• Exterior functional control switches: items outside the cab but operated from the inside – Emergency lights, headlights, directional lights, brake lights, side marker lights, spotlights, and taillights – All lights should be clean and operate correctly.
• Check mirrors, windows, and windshield – All windows should be clean and free of cracks.
– Check windshield wipers and fluid level.
6
Brake Inspection
(1 of 4)
• Give brakes special attention when performing the inspection. • Inspect brakes for: – Cracked drums or rotors – Shoes or pads contaminated with oil, grease, or brake fluid – Shoes or pads worn dangerously thin, missing, or broken
6
Brake Inspection
(2 of 4)
• Parking brake test – Allow the running apparatus to move forward at less than 5 mi/h (8 km/h).
– Apply the parking brake.
– If apparatus does not stop, have it inspected.
• Brake pedal test – Accelerate to 5 mi/h (8 km/h).
– Push brake pedal firmly.
– If there are problems, have it inspected.
6
6 Brake Inspection
(3 of 4)
• Dual air brake system warning light and buzzer test – Turn on the apparatus and allow time for the air compressor to build up to at least 100 psi (690 kPa).
– Shut off the engine.
– Leave the battery in the “on” position and step on and off the brake pedal.
– An alarm should signal before the pressure drops below 60 psi (414 kPa) in the air tank.
Brake Inspection
(4 of 4)
• Spring brake test – Ensures the parking brake operates as designed – Release the parking brake by depressing the knob.
– Step on and off the brake pedal.
– The parking brake knob should activate when the pressure drops below 40 psi (258 kPa).
– Spring brakes will activate and help prevent the vehicle from moving.
6
6 General Tools/Equipment Inspection
(1 of 3)
• Inspect all equipment on the apparatus to make sure it is operational.
– Breathing apparatus, cascade systems (including compressors), generators, fans, hydraulic rescue tools, hand tools, power tools, hose, nozzles, ground ladders • Power tools should be checked for oil level and fuel supply (if appropriate).
6 General Tools/Equipment Inspection
(2 of 3)
6 General Tools/Equipment Inspection
(3 of 3)
• Many apparatus carry equipment that needs recharging.
– An apparatus not operated for an extended duration may have batteries drained of power by the ongoing recharging of equipment stored on board.
– Keep the vehicle’s batteries properly charged at all times.
Pump Inspection
(1 of 7)
• Pump inspection process includes: – Water supply tank – Foam supply tank – Intakes and discharges – Primer pump – Centrifugal fire pump • Visually inspect the water supply tank, even if it has a gauge.
– Always visually confirm the water tank is full.
6
Pump Inspection
(2 of 7)
• Check the foam tank levels in an apparatus equipped with foam systems.
• Check the floor under the apparatus for water before opening any valve and allow the water to drain.
– A puddle or dripping may indicate a loose pump seal or other leak.
6
Pump Inspection
(3 of 7)
• Pumps may be kept dry during the winter months in cold-weather areas.
• While the pump is not engaged, open and close each discharge valve several times to ensure proper operation.
– Confirm all caps are easily operated and free of corrosion. • Inspect intakes by removing plugs, caps, or PIV and visually inspect piping.
6
Pump Inspection
(4 of 7)
• Intake strainers are located at the front of all intakes directly on the pump.
– Small screens prevent damage causing debris from entering.
– Check screens at least weekly or as directed by the department.
• Apparatus with a centrifugal pump will have a priming pump.
– Oil reservoir of priming pump must be checked daily.
6
Pump Inspection
(5 of 7)
• If the priming pump is wet, a stream of water should be observed within seconds.
– If pump is being carried dry, no water should be seen.
• If the priming pump is being carried wet, after operating pump valves and components, start the apparatus engine and engage the pump in the appropriate gear.
6
Pump Inspection
(6 of 7)
• To set the pressure relief valve, open the tank-to-pump valve and tank fill valve.
– Increase the engine speed to bring the pump pressure to an operating pressure (125 psi [862 kPa]).
– Set the pressure relief valve and confirm it is functioning properly. • Do not operate the pump for more than a few minutes without circulating water back to the tank or other discharge line.
6
Pump Inspection
(7 of 7)
• Apparatus with multistage pumps should have a transfer valve set to change from pressure to volume operation or series to parallel operation.
– Make this change two or three times to exercise the valve.
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(1 of 8)
• Inspect the aerial device according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
– Record the time it takes to perform three recommended tests: full lift, extension, and 90-degree rotation.
• Many departments require the driver/operator to inspect, clean, and lubricate the aerial device.
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(2 of 8)
• Components most commonly found: – Aerial device hydraulic system – Stabilizing system – Cable systems – Slides and rollers – Aerial device safety system – Breathing air system – Communications system
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(3 of 8)
• Main component of the aerial device is the hydraulic power system.
– Made up of a reservoir of hydraulic fluid, pump, pressurized lines, and hydraulic cylinders • To inspect the system, the aerial device and stabilizers should be in a stored position.
– Check the fluid in the reservoir.
– Hydraulic lines should be visually inspected for leaks or signs of chafing.
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(4 of 8)
• Place wheel chocks on the apparatus and prepare to deploy the stabilizers.
– Check the stabilizers for a full range of motion.
– Check stabilizer arms for leaks, cracks, broken welds, and loose parts.
– Stabilizers should be clean and free of rust.
– All controls should be properly labeled.
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(5 of 8)
6
6 Aerial Device Inspection
(6 of 8)
• Once the stabilizers are set, operate the aerial device through a full range using the main controls.
– Controls’ response should be smooth and even with no unusual noise or vibration.
• Inspect the aerial device for cracks, loose parts, damage, or signs of heat stress.
– Inspect cables for looseness, frays, broken strands, or other damage.
Aerial Device Inspection
(7 of 8)
• Many aerial devices are equipped with safety systems that do not allow the device to perform specific functions if the apparatus is not in a safe position. • Driver/operator must be comfortable operating the aerial device and know how and why to perform a system override.
– Safety systems are designed for the protection of the fire fighter.
6
Aerial Device Inspection
(8 of 8)
• Fire fighters operate at the tip of the aerial device during firefighting operations.
– To check the function of the apparatus’s air supply system, make sure the air tanks are full.
• The communication system at the turntable lets the driver/operator speak with the fire fighter at the tip of the device.
– This system should be checked for proper operation.
6
6 Safety
(1 of 4)
• It is critical to perform the apparatus inspection safely and to ensure the apparatus is prepared for a safe response. • The final part of the safety evaluation focuses on making sure the apparatus is safe to ride on and to operate.
– Secure all tools and equipment, breathing apparatus, equipment on the compartment shelves, and equipment on the outside of the apparatus.
Safety
(2 of 4)
• Final part of the safety evaluation (continued) – Hose lines should be loaded and ready for deployment.
– Securely nest ground ladders.
– Secure portable tanks on water tankers/tenders.
6
Safety
(3 of 4)
6
Safety
(4 of 4)
• Weekly, monthly, or other periodic inspection items • Completing forms – Forms recording inspection and maintenance are filled out as the inspection process occurs. – At the end of the inspection, forms are completed and filed according to the department’s procedures. – Report abnormalities to the officer in charge.
6
6 Summary
(1 of 2)
• Apparatus inspection evaluates the apparatus and its equipment to ensure safe operation. • Inspection should be planned, methodical, and performed in an organized manner.
• The inspection process should begin with a review of the inspection form completed after the previous inspection.
• Ensure the apparatus is prepared for a safe response.
6 Summary
(2 of 2)
• Dividing the inspection into sections allows the fire fighter to focus on a single aspect of the apparatus.
• Make sure the apparatus is in proper working condition, emergency warning equipment is operating, tools and equipment are functional, and the vehicle is ready for sustained operations.