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Working Fire Training
04-1 Training Materials
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Firefighter Safety &
R.I.T. Rescue Techniques
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TRAINING
Goals of Training
Scenario #1
Scenario #2
Scenario #3
Discussion
Quiz
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I. Goals of Training
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Emphasis on communications
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Keeping R.I.T. task-oriented and
maintaining team integrity
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Focusing on objectives
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II. Communications
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Calling Maydays:
How to do it correctly
Communicating with Incident
Command (I.C.)
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III. Mutual Aid Training
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Radio realignment to identical frequencies
among mutual aid companies
– Realignment of mutual aid
department shifts
– Same crews work
identical shifts every day.
– Develops camaraderie
and a familiarity level with the same crew and
personnel on every shift. Click the video for more
information.
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SCBA compatibility/adaptability
– Bring in entire SCBA change or
change out air bottle if brand is known.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Preparation
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A safety officer is on scene.
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Theatrical smoke is used:
- it’s safer than live fire smoke which is
highly instructor-intensive
- yields the same effect found in a
structure fire; only the heat is missing.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Preparation:
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Instructors are there to observe and give
firefighters information about the scenario.
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Firefighters should make sure they are ready
to go:
- SCBA and PPE are in order
- Radio is on, charged up, and on the
correct frequency.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Calling a Mayday
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If a Mayday is called, here’s what should be
communicated. For example:
– 4810-A , Mayday, Mayday, this is a drill.”
– Then give situation and location, air supply, whether
you’re entrapped or exactly what has happened.
– Keep your sentences short and to the point, with as
little emotion as possible.
– The letter designator after team number refers to
the seat position in the truck. Use your department’s
seat letter designation; this clearly identifies which
firefighter is calling.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Calling a Mayday:
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When a Mayday is called, Incident Command
(IC) should separate the Mayday operations
from the on-going scene operations.
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IC, Safety Officer, R.I.T., and the Mayday-caller
all stay on same (“captured”) channel, the one
the Mayday is called on – even if it’s on the
dispatch channel.
– In that case, Dispatch will have to move to another
channel.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
First-in Company
 Can pass command or assume it.
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The key is communicating information,
especially back to the I.C.
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Good face-to-face communications
upon entry is essential.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
First-in Company
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Upon arrival, do what your department
procedure calls for: doing a 360 of the
building, laddering upper windows,
charging a hose line, etc
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As the scenario unfolds, the first-in crew
needs to call for relief from low air.
– Low-air firefighters must leave or become a
second victim and Mayday situation!
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Rapid Intervention Teams (R.I.T.)
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Wait in readiness in case they are needed
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Do 360 of structure; notes possible
means of exit; throws ladders to upper
windows
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Lay out rescue tools and equipment for
immediate access.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Rapid Intervention Teams (R.I.T.)
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Are trained in various low-air rescue situations.
– Low-air condition of victim might demand an air pack
or bottle changeover before the victim is removed
from the structure.
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Click the video for
more information.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Incident Command (I.C.)
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Keep track of personnel in structure; know
when enough personnel is enough.
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Be aware of durations of crews inside
structure; have relief crews constantly ready.
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If a Mayday is called, immediately call for
another alarm.
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If you need something, call Dispatch and get it.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Debriefing
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Communications
– Often inaudible; keep talk to a minimum. Mayday
must be handled on a separate channel.
– Give full firefighter identifier (crew number and
member designator) and a complete description of
your predicament.
– Once your task is completed, inform I.C.
Immediately.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Debriefing
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Rescue Crew
– When rescuing a victim from a lower floor, spread
your weight out when close to the hole.
– Listen for cracking timbers or other signs of stress
such as flame impingement.
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Scenario #1: Firefighter Falls
Through Floor
Debriefing
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Air Management
– Initial rescuer who went into the hole to help victim
was already low on air. Never do that or you may
become part of the problem! Call for backup and
leave!
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Scenario #2: Firefighter Caught
in a Collapse
Preparation
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Same as Scenario #1
First-in Crew
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A first-in crew member is caught in a collapse.
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A Mayday is immediately called in.
– R.I.T. is dispatched.
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Click the video for more
information.
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Scenario #2: Firefighter Caught
in a Collapse
Rapid Intervention Team (R.I.T.)
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Downed firefighter has to be reached by R.I.T.
by breaching a wall from an
adjoining apartment after his
location was ascertained.
Locating the victim may
require complete silence.
Click the video for
more information.
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SCBA is changed out with new air pack.
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Scenario #2: Firefighter Caught
in a Collapse
Debriefing
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Noise Control
– Firefighters/rescuers may literally have to stop
breathing in order to hear responses from a trapped
and/or separated firefighter.
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SCBA Readiness
– Either bring a whole SCBA outfit or conversion kits
or switch into whatever brand of SCBA may be
involved via a mask change -OR– a hot bottle switch if you can do it.
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Scenario #3: “Clean” Rescue of
Downed Crew Leader
First-in Crew
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Crew leader goes down.
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Second crew member becomes crew leader.
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Immediately upon the loss of the team leader,
a Mayday is called.
– Medical condition is reported, resulting in the
sending of a Stokes basket.
– R.I.T. is dispatched.
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Scenario #3: “Clean” Rescue of
Downed Crew Leader
Rapid Intervention Team (R.I.T.)
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Based on the patient's medical condition, the
rescue team must determine whether there’s
time for packaging and a bottle change. You
may have to bring the patient out on low air if
time won't allow a bottle changeover.
– Clean package is performed.
– Air supply of patient is adequate; no air pack
changeout is necessary.
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Scenario #3: “Clean” Rescue of
Downed Crew Leader
Debriefing
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ANYTIME a change occurs that might reduce your
team's ability to be viable, call a Mayday.
– It's not a questions of ego; it's no reflection on your
crew's lack of ability or inability to control the situation.
– If something goes south, you may think you can handle
it as is. But if the situation worsens, things may get out
of control to the point where you DO need help, but
valuable time will have been lost in which to supply it.
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Scenario #3: “Clean” Rescue of
Crew Leader
Debriefing
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I.C. must remember to call for a channel change
following a Mayday declaration.
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Good crew rotation due to possible low-air
situation. Ladders were thrown in anticipation of
Stokes removal.
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Department Discussion
The departments involved in this month’s
training pose some discussion questions
that you can use as discussion-starters in
your own department’s training sessions.
How will your department handle these
scenarios?
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Department Discussion
“We tried to make our training scenarios as
simple as possible, partly because of the
safety issues involved. This includes
theatrical smoke. Some departments prefer
live-fire smoke. What is your department’s
policy and why?”
- Assistant Chief Floyd Renner
Metro North Fire District,
St. Louis County Missouri
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Department Discussion
“Calling for a Mayday should be as routine
and as practiced as calling for a pike pole.
But the long-standing tradition of ego and
machismo forces the perception of a
Mayday as an admission of weakness or a
screw-up. Do such traditions exist in your
department? Do you think such traditions
could result in getting someone killed?”
- Captain/T.O. Jim Usry
Pattonville (MO) Fire District
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Department Discussion
“Firefighters on low-air can quickly become part
of the problem in an incident. Do you work in a
mode where firefighters are expected to be
replaced with relief teams? What is your
department’s protocol on firefighters being
relieved? Do you practice SCBA changeouts
and air bottle replacements?”
- Captain Geoff Fish
Community Fire Protection District,
St. Louis County Missouri
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Department Discussion
Rescuing a victim from a lower floor can be
extremely dangerous for rescuers as the floor
has already proven to be unsafe. Determining
floor integrity is essential as it will dictate
rescue methods. Does your department
practice multiple rescues techniques, such as
alternate rigging techniques away from the
hole? (Hint: if the victim is conscious, lower a
charged hose line and tell him/her to hang on!)”
- Deputy Chief Mark Parrish
Normandy (MO) Fire District
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Firefighter Safety/
R.I.T. Rescue techniques: Quiz
Date__________________ Firefighter________________
Chief/T.O.______________ Education Credits _________
Select the best answer:
1. True or False
In the event that a firefighter goes down, all available
firefighters should rush in to help. You can never have too
much help.
2. True or False
A Mayday should be called any time a situation develops where
a crew encounters a non-standard situation that could escalate.
3. True or False
Incident Command should realize that a Mayday means more
resources are going to be needed immediately.
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Firefighter Safety/
R.I.T. Rescue techniques: Quiz
Select the best answer:
4. Multiple Choice
What is the order of a R.I.T. response upon finding a downed
firefighter?
a. Turn off PASS device - Inform I.C. - Check ABCs –
Check air supply - Inform I.C.
b. Inform I.C. - Turn off PASS device - Check air supply Inform I.C. - Check ABCs
c. Check air supply - Inform I.C. - Turn off PASS device Check ABCs - Inform I.C.
d. Inform I.C. - Check air supply - Check ABCs - Inform I.C. Turn off PASS device
e. None of the above
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Firefighter Safety/
R.I.T. Rescue techniques: Quiz
Select the best answer:
5. Multiple Choice
Who stays on the “captured” radio frequency in the event of a
Mayday?
a. I.C. - Dispatcher - Mayday-caller - R.I.T.
b. Dispatcher - Safety Officer - R.I.T. - I.C.
c. R.I.T. - Downed Firefighter - Safety Officer - Mayday-caller
d. I.C. - Safety Officer - R.I.T. - Mayday-caller
e. None of the above e. None of the above
(Answers on next slide)
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04-1 Training Materials
TRAINING
Thanks so much for viewing
Working Fire Training!
See you next month – stay safe!
Answers to quiz on previous slide:
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. a. 5. d.
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