Transcript HIGHER GEOGRAPHY

HIGHER GEOGRAPHY
GLASGOW URBAN CHANGE &
MANAGEMENT
CHANGES IN THE CBD
Italian Centre
• Gentrification of the Merchant City
City Halls
• Development of high class flats
• High class shopping areas
• High class restaurants
• Impact?
• Increasing CBD population
• Renovation of historic properties
• Multiplier effect – wealthy young popn.
and high class shopping attracts
Babbity
entertainment facilities, etc.
Bowtsers
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• High Class housing
Former GPO building (flats at rear)
9 George Square
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Preservation of historic buildings
City Halls & The Old Fruitmarket, Candleriggs
£15 refurbishment, re/opened 2006
Piping Centre, Cowcaddens
Façade retention,
Ingram Street
George Square
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Modern office developments
• Sometimes generates conflict
with adjacent historic
properties
St. Vincent Street
Church
Bothwell
Street
St. Vincent
Street
CHANGES IN THE CBD
Ad
• Traffic Management
Bus lanes
One Way system
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Shopping
• CBD had to address
threat from out-of town
shopping centres e.g.
Braehead, Silverburn,
Glasgow Fort, etc.
– Cheaper rent and often
larger store spaces
– More parking
– Easier access
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Shopping
Glasgow being marketed
as major UK shopping
destination.
Buchanan Galleries
attracts flagship stores.
Major redevelopment of
this part of town, and
further expansion planned
Glasgow has actually
suffered very little from
out-of-town competition
Designer labels in high
class centres e.g. Italian
Centre & Princes Square
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Entertainment & Leisure
•Large no. hotels have been opened
in recent years, due to:•Growth in tourism – city breaks to
see cultural & historic sites or to for
shopping.
•Venues like SECC attract major
conferences to Glasgow.
•Growth in festivals
CHANGES IN THE CBD
• Entertainment & Leisure
Major cinema
complexes (but closure
of smaller cinemas like
ABC, Odeon)
Festivals –
music, film, art,
etc. attract many
visitors
Wide range of concert venues, pubs, restaurants,
clubs – new venues open regularly
Urban Regeneration Schemes
in Glasgow
1960s to present day
1960-1970s – Comprehensive
Development Areas
• 29 CDAs across Glasgow, e.g. Gorbals, Cowcaddens,
Townhead, Springburn.
• Demolition of tenements and replacement with high-rise
flats
Hutchensontown
1961
Townhead,
1971
1960-1970s – Comprehensive
Development Areas
• Lowered population density
by 60%
• Surplus population moved
to peripheral housing
estates (e.g. Castlemilk),
overspill towns such as
Johnstone & New Towns,
e.g. East Kilbride &
Cumbernauld
• Glasgow’s population
greatly reduced
• Problems of high-rise
housing?
1970s-1990s – Urban Renewal
Schemes e.g. GEAR
• Refurbish old housing rather
than demolishing it
• Involving local people in
decision making e.g. housing
associations
• GEAR – Glasgow Eastern Area
Renewal project –1975-1986
• Parkhead, Bridgeton,
Shettleston, Dalmarnock area
• Achieved - better housing
– New jobs
– Better environment
– New transport &
shopping facilities
– New sport and
leisure facilities
Beardmore munitions factory
GEAR
Crownpoint Sports
Complex
Annick St. Industrial Estate,
Shettleston (created 300 jobs)
Parkhead Forge
Shopping Centre
Parkhead Cross
GEAR
• £500 million invested.
• Funding stopped 1987.
• Enormous environmental
improvements, but still
high unemployment as
traditional local industries
continued to close, and
some poor quality
housing remains.
• Much of this area will be
transformed by the
Athletes’ Village for the
Commonwealth Games in
2014 – housing for sale
and rent afterwards.
National Indoor Sports Arena
(next to Celtic Park)
Athletes’ Village
1990s onwards
• See population graph
p.18
• Dramatic fall in population
due to
– slum clearance
programmes
– industrial decline
– more recent movement to
suburbs beyond the city
boundaries e.g. Bearsden,
Newton Mearns, etc.
Glasgow Garden Festival,
1988
• Problems for city?
• High unemployment
• Loss of taxes to pay for
services
European City of Culture, 1990
‘NEW’ GORBALS
• Many developments have
taken place to reverse the
trend of population loss &
industrial decline.
• E.g. Gorbals – poor
quality flats and high-rise
developments of CDA
being replaced with
modern flats for sale and
rent.
• 1940s –100,000
• 1990s – 9000
• 2010 – 90,000?
PERIPHERAL ESTATES - Castlemilk
Glenwood Business Centre
Community Regeneration
Centre
RIVERSIDE REGENERATION
• See Glasgow Riverside Powerpoint
INNER CITY
REDEVELOPMENT
GLASGOW HARBOUR
PROJECT
Glasgow Harbour
Masterplan
The site – past and present
Meadowside Granary
• £1.2 billion project
• Glasgow Harbour Ltd, Glasgow
City & Scottish Enterprise
Glasgow
• Timescale: 2001-2010
• Aim: To regenerate 130 acres of derelict former
shipyards and docks.
• To create a residential district, retail and leisure
district, commercial district and areas of public
open space.
• Creation of over 10,000 jobs (construction and
finished development).
• Attract people back to live in city, thus increasing
council tax income from homes and businesses.
Residential district
2500 new homes
Retail and leisure
district
Riverside Museum (new
Museum of transport)
Due 2009, work started late
2007
Glasgow River Festival - July
High quality shopping
destination also planned, plus
supermarket
Approx. 42% of site will be developed
as new parks with river walkways and
cycle paths, public open spaces and
landscaped areas
Transport Infrastructure Improvements
Clydeside Expressway being lowered to remove ‘barrier’
between West End & Glasgow Harbour, and redeveloped
to improve access into Glasgow Harbour at Partick.
New bridge over
River Kelvin
Transport Infrastructure Improvements
Clyde Fastlink
‘State of the art’ public
transport system running 6 min.
interval service from city
centre, past SECC to Glasgow
Harbour. Dedicated bus route
offering a tram-like experience.
Vehicles separate from other
traffic over most of the 6km
route.
New Partick
Interchange railway
and subway station –
the station serving
Glasgow Harbour
Infilling Yorkhill Basin August 2006 - site of Riverside Museum
Old railway embankment along South Street removed where it passed Glasgow
Harbour site – seen as a ‘barrier’, restricting access and views to the harbour
Development.
Proposed
commercial
development
Keen to recognise &
preserve history – employ
historians and
archaeologists and are
salvaging & recycling
architectural features e.g.
signage from granaries,
cobblestones and maritime
paraphernalia
• See www.glasgowharbour.com
• www.clydewaterfront.com