Transcript Open Archives, Open Access and the Scholarly Communication

SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING & ACADEMIC RESOURCES COALITION
www.sparceurope.org
SPARC EUROPE
Open Archives, Open
Access and the Scholarly
Communication Process
David Prosser • SPARC Europe Director
([email protected])
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www.sparceurope.org
SPARC EUROPE AND LIBER
Scholarly Publishing & Academic
Resources Coalition Europe
 Formed in 2002 following the success of SPARC
(launched in 1998 by the US Association of Research
Libraries)
 Encourages partnership between libraries, academics,
societies and responsible publishers
Ligue des Bibliothèques Européennes de
Recherche (LIBER)
 Principal association of the major research libraries of
Europe
 Plays an active role in shaping a long-term vision for the
development of a European research library network
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The Global Journals Problem
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Dissatisfaction with the
current scholarly
communication model
Even the wealthiest institution
cannot purchase access to all
the information that all of its
researchers require
Site-licenses and consortia
deals have helped, but mainly
in the richest countries
Many commercial publishers
charge extra for online access
– so causing more pressure on
budgets
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Budapest Open Access Initiative
Two complementary strategies:
 Self-Archiving: Scholars should be able
to deposit their refereed journal articles in
open electronic archives which conform to
Open Archives Initiative standards
 Open-Access Journals: Journals will not
charge subscriptions or fees for online
access. Instead, they should look to other
sources to fund peer-review and
publication (e.g., publication charges)
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Disaggregated system
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Scholarly publishing comprises four functions:
REGISTRATION
Establishing
intellectual
priority
CERTIFICATION
Certifying the
quality/validity
of the research
AWARENESS
Assuring
accessibility
of research
ARCHIVING
Preserving
research
for future use
Disaggregated models:
 Allow functions to be fulfilled independently –
 Lower prices by increasing cost efficiency
– introduces competition throughout value chain
– forces market efficiency of individual links
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How institutional repositories?
REGISTRATION
Establishing
intellectual
priority
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CERTIFICATION
Certifying the
quality/validity
of the research
AWARENESS
Assuring
accessibility
of research
ARCHIVING
Preserving
research
for future use
Institutional repositories supply basic step of
initial registration
Accommodate increased volume of research
output
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How institutional repositories?
REGISTRATION
Establishing
intellectual
priority
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CERTIFICATION
Certifying the
quality/validity
of the research
AWARENESS
Assuring
accessibility
of research
ARCHIVING
Preserving
research
for future use
Certification necessary to validate registration
Independent certification carried out by open
access journals in same way as at present – peer
review is medium and business model
independent!
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How institutional repositories?
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REGISTRATION
Establishing
intellectual
priority


CERTIFICATION
Certifying the
quality/validity
of the research
AWARENESS
Assuring
accessibility
of research
ARCHIVING
Preserving
research
for future use
Awareness services enabled by OAI-compliance
& interoperability
Search engines index the metadata harvested
from federated repositories (e.g., descriptive
metadata, references, certification metadata,
usage information)
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How institutional repositories?
REGISTRATION
Establishing
intellectual
priority


CERTIFICATION
Certifying the
quality/validity
of the research
AWARENESS
Assuring
accessibility
of research
ARCHIVING
Preserving
research
for future use
No final answer on archiving
However, disaggregation helps put librarians—
rather than journal publishers—in charge of
digital archiving
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Content
Institutional
Repositories
Author
Disciplinary
Repositories
Peer-to-peer
Repositories
Open repositories lessen or
eliminate the content monopoly of
journals.
Interoperability Standards
www.sparceurope.org
How the pieces work together
Services
Registration
e.g.: by
institutions
Certification
e.g.: peer review
Reader
Awareness
e.g.: search
tools, linking
Archiving
e.g.: by library
Societies, publishers,
institutions, new entrants are
service providers.
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Content
Institutional
Repositories
Author
Disciplinary
Repositories
Peer-to-peer
Repositories
Interoperability Standards
www.sparceurope.org
How the pieces work together
Services
Registration
Certification
Reader
Awareness
Archiving
Standards ensure that information about the
fulfillment of functions can travel across system,
be shared by nodes.
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Why institutional repositories?
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Local & immediate
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Expands access to &
impact of research
Increases institutional
visibility & prestige by
clarifying institutional
sources of research
Demonstrates
institution’s value to
funding sources
Global & long-term
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Key component in
evolving disaggregated
scholarly publishing
model
Part of global network of
interoperable, distributed
content repositories
Institutional repositories complement the existing
scholarly publishing model.
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Theory Into Practice
- Institutional Repositories
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Eprints.org – Southampton produced software
D-Space – MIT Repository, expanding to
Cambridge, UK
CDSWare – CERN
ARNO – Tilburg, Amsterdam, Twente
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SHERPA – UK
DARE – The Netherlands
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SPARC Resources –
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(http://www.arl.org/sparc/core/index.asp?page=m0)
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Theory Into Practice
- Institutional Repositories
Australian National University
Universite de Montreal
Aalborg University
LMU Munchen
Humboldt-Universitat
Utrecht University
Lund Universitet
CERN
National University of Ireland
University of Bath
University of Glasgow
University of Nottingham
California Digital Library
Caltech
MIT
Academy of Sciences, Belarus
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Theory Into Practice
- Service Providers
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Arc
Callima
citebaseSearch
CYCLADES
DP9
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iCite
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my.OAI
NCSTRL
OAIster
Perseus
Public Knowledge
Harvester
Scirus
TORII
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Search engine
Search engine
Search engine (with citation ranking)
Search engine
Presents OAI archives hidden in the deep
Internet
Citation indexing system covering physics
journals
Search engine
Unified access to archives in computer sciences
Search engine
Search engine in humanities
Discipline-specific OAI metadata harvesting
service
Elsevier Science search engine
Unified access to various open archives (physics
and computer Science)
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Practical issues
Impediment to formal publication?
 Trend for publishers to accept that online
posting is not prior publication
 Develop discipline-specific policies
Intellectual property issues
 Repository registration protects priority
 Retain rights to e-print
 No more plagiarism online than offline
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Practical issues
Perceived quality
 Label & differentiate types of content
 Reveal certification methods
Undermines existing journals?
 Repositories coexist with existing
publishing system
Faculty work load
 Put library in charge of metadata tagging,
formatting and reformatting, etc.
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Practical issues
Rewarding faculty participation
 Should institutions reward registration in
institutional repository?
 Should funding agencies reward
institutions and scholars for registration in
institutional repositories?
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Next Steps – The Human Issue?
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Engage support of scholarly societies.
Exchange information on strategies with
other OAI providers.
Identify alternative rewarding strategies.
Encourage the development of open
access journals
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Current Research Information
Systems
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Many funding bodies maintain databases
of research grants
Can these databases be integrated with
institutional repositories?
Provide complete information record –
from initial grant proposal through to final
published papers
CRIS 2004 – Antwerp, May 13-15
http://www.eurocris.org/conferences/cris2
004/index.html
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Open Access Journals
SPARC open access journal partners:
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Algebraic and Geometric Topology
BioMed Central (published 2500+ papers)
Documenta Mathematica
Calif. Digital Library eScholarship
Geometry & Topology
Journal of Insect Science
Journal of Machine Learning Research
New Journal of Physics
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Open Access Journals
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Two new journals from the Public Library
of Science
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PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine
Indian Academy of Sciences has made
their 11 journals available free online
Lund Directory of Open Access Journals
(http://www.doaj.org/) – almost 500 peerreviewed open access journals
Sabo – ‘Public Access to Science’ Act
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Create Change!
“ An old tradition and a new technology have
converged to make possible an
unprecedented public good. ”
Budapest Open Access Initiative, Feb. 14, 2002
3rd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative
(OAI)
13-14 February 2004 CERN, SWITZERLAND
Contact SPARC Europe:
[email protected]
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