Transcript I. Water Supply Networks and Facilities Topic I.6

I. Water Supply Networks and Facilities
Topic I.6. Groundwater Intakes:
Kinds, Structures and Peculiarities
Kinds of Groundwater Intakes
General classification:
I According to position in the space (lay-out)
 Vertical
 Horizontal
 Combine
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Kinds of Groundwater Intakes
II. According to the structure
 Drilled wells - D = 15 - 100 cm
 Shaft (large) wells - D = 1 - 6 m
 Ray wells (Ranney type, wells
with horizontal ray drainage
pipes)
 Drainage galleries
 Spring water catches
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Drilled well parts
(scheme)
1 - casing pipes
2 - filter
3 - settling part
4 - drop pipe
5 - well head
6 - outlet pipe
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Drilled wells filters
а - Perforated pipes with circle holes
б - Perforated pipes with rectangular holes
b - wire filters
г - wire-net filters
д - send filters
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Hydraulic scheme
of an ideal well
R - radius of influence
H - water table height
Cт.BH - static water table
(level)
ДBH - dynamic water
table (level)
h - piezometric head
s - depression (funnel)
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Gravity water withdraw from the drilled wells(scheme)
1 - Gravity withdrawing pipe
2 - Receiving (collecting) well
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Siphon water withdraw from the drilled wells (scheme)
1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe
2 - Receiving (collecting) well
3 - vacuum vehicle
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Receiving (collecting) well
1 - Siphon withdrawing pipe
2 - Suction pipe
3 - vacuum vehicle
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Drilled wells
equipment (scheme)
a - with vertical pumps
б, - with horizontal pumps
1 - well mouth
2 - electric motor
3 - vacuum valve
4 - check and stop valves
5 - differential manometer
6 - exhausting pipe
7 - pump
8 - manometer
9 - casing pipe
10 - suction basket
11 - ventilation
12 - control panel
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Shaft well (scheme)
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Orifices in the shaft wells walls
a - horizontal
б - declined
b - vertical
г - combined
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Shaft well parts
(scheme)
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Rey well
(scheme)
1 - vertical (well) pump
2 - drainage pipe (ray)
3 - drained aquifer body
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Horizontal drainage galleries
1 - drainage gallery
2 - conduit pipe
3 - manhole
4 - receiving chamber
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Horizontal drainage galleries
1 - concrete wall
2 - coarse gravel
fine gravel
4 - cley
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Springs kinds (schemes)
a - possible locations of springs
б - Karst spring
b - declined spring (spread, concentrated)
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г - inclined spring (spread, concentrated)
Groundwater Intakes Structures
Declined spread
spring water catch
1 - water (wet) chamber
2
service
(dry)
chamber
3 - drainage filter
4 - dense clay
5 - embankment
6 - ventilation pipe
7 - water feeding pipe
8 - exhausting pipe
9 - overflow drain
10 - drainage pipe
11 - stop valve
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Concentrated spring
water catches
a - Declined
б - Inclined
1 - cracked rocs
2 - water collecting chamber
3 - water storage (feeding) chamber
4 - service (dry) chamber
5 - pipe systems
6 - overflow
7 - sinks
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Groundwater Intakes Structures
Spread inclined
spring water catch
1 - cracked rocs
2 - drainage layer
3 - concrete wall
4 - concrete plate
5 - dense clay
6 - ventilation orifice
7 - water receiving chamber
8 - embankment
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