Transcript PARTS OF SPEECH

PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
• Nouns are namers.
• Nouns name people, places, things,
animals and ideas.
• The teacher dashed into the room.
• Scott is a writer.
• The idea is excellent.
COMMON and PROPER NOUNS
• Common nouns
name any person,
place or thing and are
NOT capitalized:
• girl
• boy
• city
• food
• Proper nouns name a
specific person, place
or thing and ARE
capitalized:
• Jennifer
• Scott
• Livingston
• Rice-a-Roni
COMPOUND NOUNS and
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
• Compound nouns
are two or more
nouns that function as
a single unit:
• time capsule
• great-uncle
• homework
• basketball
• Collective nouns
name groups of
people or things:
• audience
• family
• herd
• chorus
• crowd
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS
Singular nouns name
ONE.
• One dog
• One child
• One deer
• One person
• One peach
• One pony
• One monkey
• One leaf
• One ox
• Plural nouns name
MORE than one.
• Three dogs
• Six children
• Three deer
• Four people
• Eight peaches
• Two ponies
• Two monkeys
• Three leaves
• Two oxen
Articles or Noun Markers
• Articles are also called Noun Markers or
Noun Determiners
• A, The and AN are Articles or Noun
Markers
• They mark that a noun will follow (Sometimes
there’s an adjective before the noun)
• The dog
• An apple (use “an” before words that begin with a vowel
sound)
• A student
PRONOUNS
• Pronouns take the place of a noun.
Pronouns are substitutes.
• Bob ate the worms. He enjoyed them.
• Sue tried to jump the fence. She fell on it.
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The crowd cheered the band. They loved it.
Scott and I saw our friends. We like them.
You fix the bike yourself.
He has only himself to blame.
List Of Pronouns
• I, me, my, mine, myself, she, her,
hers, herself, he, him, his,
himself, it, its, you, your, yours,
our, ours, them, they, their, theirs,
themselves, we, us
Pronoun Clarity Rules
• If somebody writes, “Sue and Cassy went to the
store. She bought a new skirt” we DON’T know
who bought the skirt. The use of the pronoun
“she” is unclear.
• If there are two or more boys in a sentence, you
cannot use he or him in the next sentence.
• If there are two or more girls in a sentence, you
cannot use she or her in the next sentence.
• If there are two or more things in a sentence,
you cannot use it in the next sentence.
ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives describe (modify) nouns.
Adjectives add information about nouns
and can spice-up your writing.
• He wore a green shirt and plaid pants.
• The big truck was ugly.
• She wore a feather boa.
• It was a dark, stormy and creepy night.
• My second cousin wanted those apples.
• I saw five geese.
Adjectives answer the
questions:
• Which one? This game, that car, those mountains
• What kind? Pretty cat, fresh milk, American flag
• How many? Some people, seven miles, several days
• How much? Enough food, less rain, more time
VERBS
• Verbs show action or a state of being.
Verbs are the engines that power
sentences. Without a verb, a sentence can
go nowhere. Every sentence MUST have
a verb!!!
• Action verbs: walk, run, jump, soar,
whisper, stomp, tattle, spend, sing…
• Action verbs tell something you can do,
like “sleep” (even if it isn’t very active).
State-of-Being Verbs
• State-of-being verbs are the form of the
verb “be.”
• Am, is, are, was, were, has been, will be
and have been
• I am a good student. She is happy. He
was excited. They were delicious. He has
been sick. She will be glad. They have
been good students.
HELPING VERBS
• Helping verbs “help” action verbs to be in
the correct tense. Forms of “be” are often
helping verbs if they are paired with an
action verb.
• Helping verbs: has, have, had, can, could,
would, should, will, shall, may, might,
must, did, do, does.
• We can graduate. He has been learning.
• We have learned a lot. They can dance.
• We will have learned a lot.
Helping Verbs/Sate-of-Being
Verbs
• When a state-of-being verb is with an
action verb, it becomes a helping verb.
• He is cute (“is” is a state-of-being verb).
• He is dancing (now “is” is a helping verb).
• She was excited (“was” is a state-of-being
verb)
• She was dancing (now “was” is a helping
verb).
Finding Verbs
• In order to find the verb in a sentence,
using the “time change” method always
works.
• By saying yesterday, every day, and
tomorrow at the beginning of a sentence,
the verb will change automatically.
Remember it as the YET (Yesterday,
Every day, Tomorrow) method.
Examples of Time Change
• Listen for the word or words that change
when the time is changed. That word is
the verb:
• Yesterday: Steve ate a taco.
• Every day: Steve eats a taco.
• Tomorrow: Steve will eat a taco.
• Yesterday: Jill was happy.
• Every day: Jill is happy.
• Tomorrow: Jill will be happy.
VERBS
• Verbs show a state-of-being. They are the
forms of the verb “be.”
• State of being verbs: am, is, are, was,
were, has been, will be…
• Mrs. McMillion is a teacher.
• The students will be smart learners.
• She was clever.
• They were late
MORE ABOUT VERBS
• Verbs tell present, past and future tense.
They tell when something is happening.
• Present (today): I dance.
• Past (yesterday): I danced.
• Future (tomorrow): I will dance.
ACTIVE vs PASSIVE VERBS
• Verbs can be active or passive. Sometimes this
is called active or passive voice.
• Active verbs (or voice) put the person (or thing)
doing the action in charge: Connie passed the
test.
• With passive verbs (or voice), the subject
receives the action: The test was passed by
Connie.
• Hint: Use the active voice in your writing.
ADVERBS
• Adverbs describe (modify) verbs. They tell
when, where and how.
• The band played beautifully. (How)
• The student will arrive soon. (When)
• The boy sat near. (Where)
• She studied carefully. (How)
• He quickly jumped. (How)
Adverbs
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WHEN
Tomorrow
Tonight
Soon
Now
Later
WHERE
there
here
everywhere
nowhere
outside
HOW
sweetly
kindly
well
simply
thoughtfully
PREOPSITIONS
• Prepositions show position relative to
another noun. A preposition MUST be
connected to a noun or a pronoun. A
prepositional phrase is a preposition and
its object:
• in the door
next to me
• on the car
behind it
• around the house
near the garage
LIST of PREPOSITIONS
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About
Above
Across
Against
Around
Before
Behind
Below
Beneath
Beside
Between
Beyond
By
Down
Into
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Inside
Near
Next to
Off
On
Onto
Out
Outside
Over
Past
Through
Toward
Under
Upon
Within
Conjunctions
• Conjunctions join words, phrases and
clauses together. They are the words: for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
• We ate salad and bread.
• She was happy yet sad.
• They were neither absent nor tardy.
• We can dance or sing.
Interjections
• Interjections express emotion. If it’s a
strong emotion, the word(s) can stand
alone with an exclamation mark following,
as in: Wow! Hurray! Yippee!
• If an interjection isn’t a strong emotion, it
can go before a regular sentence followed
by a comma:
• Good grief, Charlie Brown missed the ball.
• Hey, that’s a great idea.