Transcript Slide 1

Management Information Systems
Chapter 5
Database Processing
This Could Happen to You
Dee selected Moveable Type application program
Needs database program to store blog
Consultant suggested MySQL
Network standardized on Oracle
 May not be able to run Moveable Type
 Will require revision of labor estimates
IT resists installing MySQL
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Study Questions
Q1. What is the purpose of a database?
Q2. What does a database contain?
Q3. What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
Q4. What is a database application?
Q5. What is the difference between an enterprise
and a personal DBMS?
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Q1. What Is the Purpose of a Database?
Spreadsheet and database keep track of things
Spreadsheets
Keep lists of single concept
Databases
Keep lists that involve multiple themes
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學生的成績清單
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將資料庫的學生資料以表單呈現
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Q2. What is a Database?
Self-describing collection of integrated records
Hierarchy of data elements
Bytes are grouped into columns / fields
Columns grouped into rows / records
Rows are grouped into tables / files
Collection of tables plus relationships among rows
Also includes metadata
 Describes structure of database
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表格（檔案）Student 的內容
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資料組成元素的階層關係
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資料庫的元件
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Relationships Among Records
Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables
Keys
Column(s) that identify unique row in table
Each table has a key
Foreign keys
Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside
Relational database
Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys
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Example of Relationships Among Rows
Figure 5-6
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Metadata
Databases are self-describing
Contain description of its content
Metadata
Data that describes data
Makes databases more useful
Makes databases easier to use
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Access 中詮釋資料的一個例子
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Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t
Kelly was employed maintaining servers and
backing up database
Made copy of database to practice with
 Accessed SQL Server metadata
 Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople
 Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a
buyer that no one else was given
Mentioned it to clerk
Was terminated for accessing database
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Q3. What is a DBMS and What Does it Do?
Database management system (DBMS)
Program that creates, process, and administers
database
Usually licensed from vendors
 Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2
DBMS and database are two different things
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資料庫應用系統的組成元件
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DBMS (1)
DBMS used to create tables, relationships in
databases
DBMS processes database
Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and
delete data
Structured Query Language (SQL)
 International standard for processing database
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在表格中新增一個欄（以 Access 為例）
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DBMS (2)
DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of
database
Can be used to set up security
Used to back up data
Add structure to improve performance
Remove data
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Q4. What Is a Database Application?
Collection of forms, reports, queries, and
application programs that process a database
Databases can have more then one application
Applications can have multiple users
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使用多個資料庫應用程式
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MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth
(1)
Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process
financial data
800 concurrent users
Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline
One solution is to remove data
 Data still needed
Data retention laws compound problems
 Sarbanes-Oxley
 SEC Rule 17-A
 HIPAA
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MIS in Use (2)
Data Archiving
Problem for IS technicians
Must create data archiving policy
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Policy must address legal requirements
Plan must be created for implementing policy
Data about open transactions must not be archived
Implement plan before performance problems arise
Secure and back up data archive
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Forms, Reports and Queries
Forms
Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data
Reports
Show data in structured context
May compute values
Queries
Means of getting answers from database data
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學生報表的範例
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查詢的範例
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Database Application Programs
Forms, reports, and queries work for standard
functions
Application programs
Process logic specific to business need
Enables database processing over Internet
 Serves as intermediary between Web server and database
 Responds to events
 Reads, inserts, modifies, deletes data
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網站伺服器上的四個應用程式
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Multi-User Processing
Common
Unique problems
Lost-update problem
Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users
 Creates new set of problems
Data conflicts produce inaccurate results
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Q5. What is the Difference Between an
Enterprise and a Personal DBMS?
Enterprise DBMS
Process large organizational and workgroup databases
Support many users
Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle
Personal DBMS
Designed for smaller, simpler database applications
Supports fewer than 100 users
Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base
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個人資料庫系統
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Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll
Use a Spreadsheet
Databases take time to build
Complicated to operate
May require use of multiple applications
Need IS people to create it and keep it running
Will share data that you may not want to expose
Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases
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How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter
Help Dee?
She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it
can play
She would understand the diagram of the role of
the DBMS for her blog
System is isolated from rest of databases
Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application
Was better able to present her plan to IT
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在柯小姐的網誌中，DBMS 的功能
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