Transcript Slide 1
Management Information Systems
Chapter 5
Database Processing
This Could Happen to You
Dee selected Moveable Type application program
Needs database program to store blog
Consultant suggested MySQL
Network standardized on Oracle
May not be able to run Moveable Type
Will require revision of labor estimates
IT resists installing MySQL
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Study Questions
Q1. What is the purpose of a database?
Q2. What does a database contain?
Q3. What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
Q4. What is a database application?
Q5. What is the difference between an enterprise
and a personal DBMS?
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Q1. What Is the Purpose of a Database?
Spreadsheet and database keep track of things
Spreadsheets
Keep lists of single concept
Databases
Keep lists that involve multiple themes
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學生的成績清單
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將資料庫的學生資料以表單呈現
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Q2. What is a Database?
Self-describing collection of integrated records
Hierarchy of data elements
Bytes are grouped into columns / fields
Columns grouped into rows / records
Rows are grouped into tables / files
Collection of tables plus relationships among rows
Also includes metadata
Describes structure of database
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表格(檔案)Student 的內容
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資料組成元素的階層關係
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資料庫的元件
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Relationships Among Records
Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables
Keys
Column(s) that identify unique row in table
Each table has a key
Foreign keys
Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside
Relational database
Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys
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Example of Relationships Among Rows
Figure 5-6
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Metadata
Databases are self-describing
Contain description of its content
Metadata
Data that describes data
Makes databases more useful
Makes databases easier to use
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Access 中詮釋資料的一個例子
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Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t
Kelly was employed maintaining servers and
backing up database
Made copy of database to practice with
Accessed SQL Server metadata
Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople
Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a
buyer that no one else was given
Mentioned it to clerk
Was terminated for accessing database
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Q3. What is a DBMS and What Does it Do?
Database management system (DBMS)
Program that creates, process, and administers
database
Usually licensed from vendors
Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2
DBMS and database are two different things
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資料庫應用系統的組成元件
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DBMS (1)
DBMS used to create tables, relationships in
databases
DBMS processes database
Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and
delete data
Structured Query Language (SQL)
International standard for processing database
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在表格中新增一個欄(以 Access 為例)
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DBMS (2)
DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of
database
Can be used to set up security
Used to back up data
Add structure to improve performance
Remove data
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Q4. What Is a Database Application?
Collection of forms, reports, queries, and
application programs that process a database
Databases can have more then one application
Applications can have multiple users
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使用多個資料庫應用程式
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MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth
(1)
Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process
financial data
800 concurrent users
Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline
One solution is to remove data
Data still needed
Data retention laws compound problems
Sarbanes-Oxley
SEC Rule 17-A
HIPAA
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MIS in Use (2)
Data Archiving
Problem for IS technicians
Must create data archiving policy
Policy must address legal requirements
Plan must be created for implementing policy
Data about open transactions must not be archived
Implement plan before performance problems arise
Secure and back up data archive
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Forms, Reports and Queries
Forms
Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data
Reports
Show data in structured context
May compute values
Queries
Means of getting answers from database data
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學生報表的範例
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查詢的範例
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Database Application Programs
Forms, reports, and queries work for standard
functions
Application programs
Process logic specific to business need
Enables database processing over Internet
Serves as intermediary between Web server and database
Responds to events
Reads, inserts, modifies, deletes data
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網站伺服器上的四個應用程式
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Multi-User Processing
Common
Unique problems
Lost-update problem
Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users
Creates new set of problems
Data conflicts produce inaccurate results
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Q5. What is the Difference Between an
Enterprise and a Personal DBMS?
Enterprise DBMS
Process large organizational and workgroup databases
Support many users
Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle
Personal DBMS
Designed for smaller, simpler database applications
Supports fewer than 100 users
Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base
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個人資料庫系統
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Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll
Use a Spreadsheet
Databases take time to build
Complicated to operate
May require use of multiple applications
Need IS people to create it and keep it running
Will share data that you may not want to expose
Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases
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How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter
Help Dee?
She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it
can play
She would understand the diagram of the role of
the DBMS for her blog
System is isolated from rest of databases
Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application
Was better able to present her plan to IT
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在柯小姐的網誌中,DBMS 的功能
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