Transcript Presentazione standard di PowerPoint

RECYCLING PAPER
Paper is made from cellulose fibre, the source of which can be pulped wood,
or a variety of other materials such as rags, cotton, grasses, sugar cane, straw,
waste paper, or even elephant dung! In this country, wood pulp is the most
common source material for the manufacture of virgin paper (paper which has
no recycled content).
Although the raw material for making paper is predominantly trees, it is a
common misconception that recycling waste paper saves trees. Trees are grown
for commercial use and harvested as a long term crop with new trees planted
to replace those cut down. In addition, papermakers are able to use the parts
of the trees that cannot be used in other industries such as construction and
furniture making. Nearly all paper is made from wood grown in these
"sustainable" forests.
The most important environmental issues are:
- The nature of forests and where they are situated. As the demand for paper has
increased, more timber has been needed to meet the demand for wood pulp. In some
cases this has meant the loss of valuable wildlife habitats and ecosystems, as old
forests have been replaced by managed plantations.
- Unless we use waste paper to produce new paper there will be many
disposal problems.
- Producing recycled paper involves less energy consumption than virgin
paper and uses less water. This is because most of the energy used in
papermaking is the pulping needed to turn wood into paper.
- Recycled paper produces fewer polluting emissions to air and water. Recycled
paper is not usually re-bleached and where it is, oxygen rather than chlorine is
usually used. This reduces the amount of dioxins which are released into the
environment as a by-product of the chlorine bleaching processes.
- Paper is a biodegradable material. This means that when it goes to landfill, as
it rots, it produces methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas (20 times more
potent than carbon dioxide). It is becoming increasingly accepted that global
warming is a reality, and that methane and carbon dioxide emissions have to
be reduced to lessen its effects.
HOW'S, WHAT'S AND WHERE'S OF RECYCLING
PAPER
What are the main types of paper in everyday use which can be recycled?
• Office white paper
• Newspapers, magazines, telephone directories and pamphlets
• Cardboard
• Mixed or coloured paper
• Computer print out paper
WHAT CAN I DO TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF PAPER
BEING WASTED?
-
Try not to use as much in the first place!
Buy recycled paper products wherever possible.
Reuse envelopes
Playgroups and schools may appreciate being given old rolls of wallpaper, or
any other kind of paper, for painting on or for other uses in the classroom.
- When you buy a pint of milk or a soft drink, think about the container it is in.
- By putting a "no junk mail" sign by your letterbox you can cut junk mail such.
- Contact the BioRegional Development Group for information about paper
made from fibres other than wood pulp.
WHERE CAN I TAKE PAPER FOR
RECYCLING?
For example, there may be paper banks at shopping centres. The Yellow Pages
Directory Recycling Scheme offers a freephone recycling helpline which
provides advice on where and how to recycle old Yellow Pages directories.
WHAT ABOUT LARGE QUANTITIES OF PAPER, SUCH
AS THAT COLLECTED BY OFFICES?
There are many waste paper merchants and national paper collection
companies which will collect a quantity of paper for recycling. In the first
contact whoever is already dealing with your normal waste, as many waste
management companies now also provide recycling services.
WHAT ABOUT MILK AND JUICE CARTONS MADE
FROM PAPER? CAN THEY BE RECYCLED?
Cartons are not made from paper alone but comprise of plastic and
aluminium too. As they are an amalgam of materials, they cannot be recycled
along with ordinary paper. They can be reprocessed into other items or
incinerated to produce energy, or landfilled. There are very few collection
points for the reprocessing of such cartons in this country.
WHERE CAN I BUY RECYCLED PAPER PRODUCTS?
Most supermarkets and now sell lots of recycled products, such as writing
paper, notebooks, file paper, diaries with recycled paper content, calendars,
tissues, toilet rolls, kitchen paper and other items. If you cannot see the
product you want and you think it could be available made from recycled
materials, ask if the shop intends to stock such things in the future, if a lot of
people ask about it, it can encourage the shop to add to its recycled range. The
retailer needs to have an incentive to stock the products.
WHAT ABOUT THE INK ON THE PAPER COLLECTED?
HOW IS IT REMOVED?
Sometimes the ink is not removed from the paper when it is reprocessed.
The ink is dispersed into the pulp, discolouring it slightly, which is why recycled
paper can have a greyish tinge.
Washing - As the paper is pulped, chemicals can be added which separate
the ink from the paper and allow it to be washed away in the large amounts of
water used. (The water can then be cleaned and re-used.)
Flotation - Air can be passed through the pulp, producing foam which will
hold at least half of the ink and can be skimmed off.
Sometimes the pulp is also bleached; hydrogen peroxide and chlorine are
commonly used bleaches.
PAPER RECYCLING PROCESS: STEP BY STEP
COLLECTION
•
•
•
•
•
The first step of the paper recycling process is of course taken by
each and every one of us when we take the time to separate our
paper and place it in the recycling box.
The next step is taken by your city, when they send the recycling
truck over to pick up the paper and bring it to the processing
facilities of your neighborhood.
Next, comes the sorting . The paper is placed on a moving
conveyor to be sorted. But it is a lot more complicated than that.
The paper has to be sorted by hand because there are different
grades of recycled paper.
Once the paper has been sorted it is then baled to make the
transport and storage more convenient.
The paper is then shipped to processing mills usually in the
Pacific North West.
PROCESSING
At the processing Mill, the paper is soaked in water. It is then shaken to
release the fibres to return them to their pulp state.
It is important at this stage to remove the ink. If we don't do this, we will
be left with a dull grey paper.
We then add finishing chemicals and either press the pulp into sheets to
dry or mix it with virgin pulp.
The paper recycling process involved in changing old paper into new
paper requires a significant amount of energy.
We can see here that the de-inking process uses water and
chemicals, but these amounts are much less than they would be in the
manufacture of virgin paper.
Unfortunately, the same paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Each
time the fibers are pulped, they get shorter and shorter and lose their
papermaking qualities.
A fiber can be recycled about four and six times before it disintegrates.
The quality of paper produced will vary depending on the percentages of
recycled and virgin paper used in its production.
Please remember that we can make most anything from recycled pulp
which used to be made from virgin wood pulp.
By recycling paper, we help save our forests from being destroyed while at
the same time, we help cut down on the environmental damage caused when
we turn trees into paper.
Some charities also sell recycled products such as greetings cards and
stationery through their mail order catalogues. Contact the ones you would be
interested in supporting and ask if they have a catalogue.
Many printers and office stationery suppliers now use or sell recycled paper.
You could ask your usual supplier to make it available, or look in the Yellow
Pages for local suppliers.
RECYCLING PAPER
Think about all the trees that are used to give us this paper!!! If we don't start
recycling paper, we will cause irreparable environmental damage:
• Our forests will be depleted. If too much wood is cut, the lost of shade will leave
the soil to bake in the sun making it more subject to erosion.
• Because of this erosion, when there is a storm, the roots of the trees that are left
have less hold in the ground and do not survive. The forest will then slowly
degrade and eventually die.
• There will be more landslides caused by this soil erosion.
• This process of deforestation in various geographical regions is affecting
the natural biodiversity . This is slowly destroying our wildlife.
Recycling paper can also help us save on water. A lot of water is used to
produce paper but, if we use recycled paper to make the new paper, we
save up much water.
Recycling paper is not without its environmental problems. The process
that transform old paper into new paper need significant amount of energy.
Then we have to add the transport of the recycled paper pulp to the
recycling paper plant.
We need to work together to bring down our paper consumption while
at the same time, we continue recycling paper at every opportunity.
WHAT IS PAPER RECYCLING?
Paper recycling is the process of manufacturing old paper products and
turning them into new, reusable paper products. Making paper is a quiet easy
process. Paper is made from trees, and every single part of the tree is
modifided to make products or burned to create energy.
WHAT TYPES OF PAPER PRODUCTS CAN BE
RECYCLED?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Newspaper
Shredded paper
Phonebooks
Cardboard
Magazines
Computer paper
Envelopes
Junk mail
WHEN YOU RECYCLE CARDBOARD AND OTHER
PAPER PRODUCTS YOU CAN CREATE MILLIONS OF
NEW PRODUCTS SUCH AS:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Egg cartons
Paper towels
Tissue
Toilet paper
Newspaper
Phonebooks
Paper bags
Notebooks
Stamps
Business cars
Calendars
There are so many other products that you can make with recycled paper. And
the best thing about paper recycling is that it used less chemicals, which is
safer for the environment.
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF PAPER
RECYCLING?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recycling newspaper saves 14% of landfill space
For every ton of newspaper recycled you can save enough energy to power
a television for 31 hours
Recycling one ton of paper can save 17 trees
Reduces sulfur dioxide emissions
Uses less fossil fuels
Most paper can be recycled up to 8 times to create new products
Leaves more trees for the sustainability of our environment
Saves energy
When you recycle paper you leave more
trees to grow and give us with healthy
oxygen to breathe.
This Power Point Presentation is the joint work of Giulia Bandioli,
Samuele Danieli, Marco Di Sarno and Francesca Pedroni, four students
in class 2B Igea-Erica at Istituto “Giovanni Falcone” (Asola, MN), school
year 2010-2011, under the supervision of their English teacher, Mrs
Serena Tanchella.
© All rights reserved – Use without written permission is allowed for didactic purposes only and under
the condition that users refer to our website including the following URL to help readers find the
specific page for more information:
http://www.iisfalcone.it