Transcript Chapter 29 Notes - Greenwood County School District 52
Chapter 29 Notes
AP US History Mrs. Marshall
Late 19th century social critics:
Henry Demarest Lloyd- Wealth Against Commonwealth which was about the Standard Oil Company
Thorstein Veblen-The Theory of the Leisure Class and attack on the wealthy and conspicuous consumption
Jacob A. Riis- reporter, wrote How the Other Half Lives about slum conditions
4 major goals of the Progressive Movement
To protect social welfare
Promote moral improvement
Create economic reform
To foster/promote efficiency in the workplace
Muckrakers
American journalists, novelists and critics who exposed negative impact of industrialization, writers whom Roosevelt said “raked fifth”
Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of the Cities which was about big business and city government
Ida Tarbell- expose of the Standard Oil Company David G. Phillips the Senate” articles called “The Treason of
Upton Sinclair- The Jungle about the meat packing industry
Progressive reformers were mainly middle-class men and women
Progressives and Populist were similar in that:
They both believed that better laws could improve life in the US, both wanted to give the people more power in the government and both groups wanted to reduce the power of big business
Clean up Government
Attempts at local levels to clean up government:
commission system- the city is run by a group of experts
council-manager plan- where managers were appointed by an elected council
People and Terms
Robert La Follette- Governor of Wisconsin who made the state a model of progressive reform Direct primary- voters have a say in choosing their party’s candidate for the general election Initiative- this allows voters to propose laws- a bill originates with the people instead of lawmakers.
Referendum- voters can accept or reject the proposal by a direct vote (accepts or rejects the initiative) Recall- allows voters to remove a public official from an elected position before the term ends,
Terms
Secret/ Australian ballot- 1st adopted in Oregon
Seventeenth Amendment- 1913
Provides for the direct election of US senators by the voters
Social Welfare
YMCA- provided libraries, exercise rooms
Salvation Army- fed poor and provided daycare
Settlement Houses like Hull House
Florence Kelly- social reformer –helped win the passage of the Illinois Factory Act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women’s working hours
Social Welfare
Muller v Oregon (1908) Supreme Court Case which upheld the principle promoted by progressives that female workers required special rules and protections of the job Lochner v New York – was a setback because the US Supreme Court declared a law limiting work to ten hours unconstitutional
Triangle Shirtwaist Company (1911) By 1917, 30 states had put worker’s compensation laws on the books
Moral Reform
Prohibition/Temperance Movement
Women’s Christian Temperance Union(WCTU) Founded by Frances Willard
18th amendment added in 1919/repealed by 21st amendment
Women’s Rights-19th amendment in 1920
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s program of progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business
TR believed the federal government should adopt a policy of regulating trust. Earned a reputation as a “trustbuster” over 40 lawsuits
In the case of the Northern Securities Company the Supreme Court ruled that the holding company restrained trade an violated the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Elkins Act and Hepburn Act
Dealt with railroad regulation
Elkins Act prohibited railroads from giving rebates
Hepburn Act gave the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates and led to discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers
Anthracite Coal Strike
Pennsylvania, 1902
Mine owners refused to negotiate with workers
TR threatened to have government take over the mines & operate with federal troops
Arbitration commission helped to settle their differences/compromise reached
Set precedence of federal government playing a more active role in the settling of labor disputes
The Jungle
The Jungle written by Upton Sinclair (1906) exposed conditions in meat packing industry in Chicago.
Acts
Meat Inspection Act called for strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created a program of federal meat inspection
Pure Food and Drug Act halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling
Roosevelt and Conservation
Millions of acres set aside as forests
Newlands Reclamation Act (1902) funded irrigation projects that changed dry wilderness into land suitable for farming
Gifford Pinchot appointed to head the US Forest Service
Aldrich-Vreeland Act (1908) authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral/paved way for the Federal Reserve Act
Contributions of TR
Enlarged power and prestige of the presidency
Helped shape the progressive movement
Conservation crusade
Opened the eyes of American’s that they shared the world with other nations
Taft and Legislation
William Howard Taft elected President in 1908.
Payne-Aldrich Tariff- 1909- a set of tax regulations that failed to significantly reduce tariffs on manufactured goods.
Taft signed it called it “best bill Republican Party ever passed”
Taft and Conservation
Supported Sec. of the Interior Richard Ballinger against Pinchot. Pinchot accused Ballinger of harming conservation and aiding corporations.
This further alienated Roosevelt and Taft
Dollar Diplomacy
the U.S. policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries. Was often used to justify keeping European powers out of the Caribbean.
By 1910 the Republican Party is divided.
In 1910 mid-term election the Republicans lose to the Democrats in Congress.
February of 1912 TR announced “My hat is in the ring!”