Transcript DIGITAL GRAPHICS & ANIMATION

DIGITAL GRAPHICS &
ANIMATION
Complete LESSON 3
MODIFYING GRAPHICS
Modifying Graphics
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You can modify original artwork that you
create using the drawing tools in your
graphics program, or you can modify images
that you import from other sources.
When you modify an image, you should keep
in mind the basic principles of design in rder
to create an image that conveys the
appropriate message fits the purpose for
which you are using it, and it is pleasing to
look at.
Modifying Graphics using Principles of
Design
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These principles include proportion, which
describe the size and location of one object in
relation to other objects in an image.
Balance refers to the visual weight of an
object and the way they are arranged
Contrast refers to the juxtaposition
(combination) of different elements in order to
create visual interest.
Modifying Graphics using Principles of
Design
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You should consider using variety to create
visual interest by incorporating different
elements in an image.
Emphasis is used to highlight or focus
attention on a particular aspect of an image.
Working with Bitmap Images
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When you click a bitmap object using a
selection tool, the entire object is selected
just like a vector object.
Most programs display a bounding box to
indicate an object is selected.
A bounding box is a rectangular shape with
selection handles displayed around the
object.
Working with Bitmap Images
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Once the object is selected, you can make
basic changes, such as moving it or resizing
it.
However, since a bitmap is made of dots or
pixels, you can make some changes to the
image by changing the dots themselves.
Some programs designate certain tools
specifically for creating and modifying bitmap
images.
Working with Bitmap Images
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You may use the brush or pencil tool to paint
bitmaps.
The Marquee or lasso tool can be used to
select pixels in a bitmap image, and the
brush or paint bucket to change the color of
selected pixels.
You might be able to smudge the color or
make the image look out of focus.
Working with Bitmap Images
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Vector illustration programs, such as
Micromedia Flash and Adobe Illustrator, do
not support editing bitmap images.
Therefore, in those programs the tools
available in the toolbox can be used to create
and modify vector images.
Select Pixels Using a Marquee
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When you want to work with just a portion of
a bitmap object, you can either use the
Marquee tool or the Lasso tool to drag an
outline around the area you want to select.
The Marquee tool lets you select a
rectangular shaped area.
The Lasso tools lets you select a freeform
area.
Select Pixels Using a Marquee
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When you release the mouse button after
either of these tools, a dashed line defines
the area, and all the pixels in that area are
selected.
In some programs, the line flashes so that it
is clearly visible in the image.
An oval marquee tool, selects an oval area
A polygon lasso tool lets you draw a straightedged polygon to define the selection.
Select Pixels Using a Marquee
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Many programs also let you select pixels in a
bitmap based on color by using the Magic
wand tool and setting tolerance level
property.
The lower the tolerance level, the more
closely matched adjacent colors must be to
be included in the selection.
Use the brush, Pencil and Eraser
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Use the pencil tool to draw freeform lines in a
bitmap image using the current stroke color.
Use the brush tool to apply the current stroke
style and color to selected pixels in a bitmap
image.
The eraser tool lets you erase pixels from a
bitmap image.
Use the Paint Bucket
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The Paint Bucket tool applies the current fill
color to pixels within a set color tolerance
range.
The default tolerance is 255 – the highest
setting – allowing the change to affect a wide
range of pixels.
You can use the Paint Bucket and Gradient
tools to fill vector shapes as well as bitmaps.
Reshape Vector Paths
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Vector graphics are defined by points, which
are positioned along the lines and curves that
comprise the shape.
You can change the shape by moving the
points.
Simply select the object with the sub
selection tool, and then drag any point to
anew location.
In most programs you can add, delete, and
move points as well.
Position and Align Objects
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You do not have to place any objects in the
perfect spot when you create an image,
because you can easily reposition objects
after drawing them.
The easiest way to position an object is to
select it then drag it to a new location.
You can usually also use the arrow keys on
the keyboard to move an object in small
increments, such as 1 point for each press of
the key.
Position and Align Objects
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You may find the grid and rulers helpful for
positioning objects.
With the grid displayed, you can easily see
whether objects are even or offset
horizontally or vertically, and how much white
space, the area between objects, there is.
In some programs, if you want to position the
object in a precise location, you can set
horizontal) and vertical (Y) coordinates.
Position and Align Objects
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The coordinates are specific points laid out
in an invisible grid in the drawing area.
The grid starts in the top left corner, with
coordinates of 0,0.
As you move an object to the right, the X
coordinate increases. As you move down,
the Y coordinates increases.
You can view and/or control object
coordinates using a panel or palette such as
Info, or Transform
Position and Align Objects
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You can also usually align and distribute
objects in an image.
When the snap to grid option is toggled on,
the objects automatically align with the
nearest gridline.
You can also align an object to adjust its
position horizontally or vertically relative to
the top, bottom, left and right of the drawing
area or to the currently selected area.
Distributing objects adjusts the space
between them
Group & Stack Objects
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Grouped objects can be selected and
modified as one unit.
In some programs, you can group multiple
objects. Group objects when you want the
items to remain as one.
As you draw objects, they stack in the
drawing area, even if they don’t overlap each
other.
Group & Stack Objects
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The first object you create is at the bottom or
the back of the stack
The last object you create is at the top or
front of the stack.
To rearrange the stacking order, select the
object you need to change and the click
arrange command on the menu.
Group & Stack Objects
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Most programs provide four options for
adjusting stacking order
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Send to back – moves an object behind all other
objects
Send backward – moves objects backward one
position at a time
Bring forward -moves objects forward one position
at a time
Bring to front – positions an object in front of all
objects.
Group & Stack Objects
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Do not confuse stacking order with layers.
Some programs have a layers feature you
can use to separate an image into individual
transparent planes.
Layers are used for creating complex images,
animations, and certain special effects.
Scale Objects
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When you want to resize an object to make it larger
or smaller, you can scale the object. To scale
simply means to change the objects size.
Some programs allow you to simply drag a selection
handle to scale an object,
Other programs offer a scale tool or scale command
for this purpose.
When you select the scale tool, transform handles
may be displayed around the selected object.
Transform is a term used to describe changes to the
characteristics of an object or selection.
Skew & Distort Objects
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You can skew an object to slant it along its
horizontal or vertical axis.
Most graphics programs supply a skew tool
or command that display transform handles.
Drag a center side handle to skew the object
vertically, or drag a center top or bottom
handle to skew the object horizontally.
Drag the corner handle to skew both
vertically and horizontally at the same time in
order to achieve perspective in an image.
Skew & Distort Objects
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When you distort an object, you change its
height and/or width without maintaining the
original proportions.
Click the distort tool or select the distort
command to display transform handles, then
use the handles to move the slides or corners
of the object to change its size and
proportions.
Use distort to create a three-dimensional
effects
Rotate & Flip Objects
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Two other methods of transforming an object
are rotating and flipping
When you rotate an object, it pivots around
an axis of rotation, sometimes called the
point of origin.
You can flip an object horizontally or
vertically to reverse the image from left to
right or top to bottom.
The default axis is 90 degrees, which flips the
object to create a mirror image.
Copy Objects
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When you want to duplicate a vector object or
a complete bitmap object, you can use
commands such as copy and paste or
duplicate.
The duplicate command creates a new object
overlapping the original object.
There are variations of copy, cut, and paste
commands in most programs.
Copy Objects
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Paste special lets you paste an item with a
link to the original object.
Some graphics programs have Paste in Front
or Paste in Back commands. These
commands paste the copied object directly
on top of or behind the original object.
Other variations include paste as mask, paste
inside, and paste attributes, which lets you
copy just the formatting from one object to
another.
Copy Objects
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In programs that support bitmap editing, you
can also use the copy and paste commands
to create bitmap object from selected pixels.
The item that is cut or copied is placed on a
clipboard, a temporary storage area in your
computer’s memory.
Copy an Image
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When you want to remove portions of an
image, you crop it.
Cropping cuts out the portion of the file that
you don’t want.
The drawing area is resized to fit the area
within the box.
Fast Facts
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Some programs have graphics tools
designed specifically for working with bitmap
objects
You can select and modify areas of pixels in
a bitmap image
There are tools you can use to reshape
vector paths
You can move objects around in an image
Most graphics programs have tools for
aligning and distributing objects in an image
Fast Facts
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You can group multiple objects together so that you
can modify them as one unit
Objects stack from back to front as you create them
in a drawing, you can rearrange stacking order to
change the way objects overlap
There are many ways to transform an objet,
including scaling, skewing, distorting, flipping, and
rotating
You can create exact duplicates of vector and
bitmap objects
Cropping lets you remove parts of an image you
don’t want
Lesson 3
Daily Grades
Lesson 3
T/F Questions
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Use the lasso tool to draw freeform vector
paths.
Use the paint bucket tool to copy pixels.
The easiest way to position an object is to
select it and then drag it to a new location.
The X coordinate sets the vertical position
of an object.
Once you group objects, you cannot edit
them individually.
Lesson 3
T/F Questions
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Bring an object to the front if you want it stacked
on top of all the other objects in the image.
If you change the height of an object without
changing its width, you lose its original
proportions.
Skew an object to change its height and width
proportionally.
When you use the duplicate command, the new
object overlaps the original object.
When you crop an image, the drawing area is
resized to fit the remaining content.
Lesson 3
Written Questions
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How is modifying bitmap images different from
modifying vector images?
Why might you want to use the Lasso tool instead of
the Marquee tool to select pixels?
What effect can you achieve by skewing an object
along both its horizontal and vertical axis?
What’s the difference between aligning objects and
distributing objects?
What s one reason for using the X and Y coordinates
to position an object instead of just dragging it?
Lesson 3 Fill in the Blank Questions
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One way to duplicate a complete bitmap object
is to use the _____ and _____ commands.
To reverse an image, _____ it.
The area between objects is called _____.
When you _____ an object, you change its
height and/or width without maintaining the
original proportions.
Drag a(n) _____ handle to skew an object
horizontally and vertically at the same time.
Lesson 3
Fill in the Blank Questions
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Use the subselection tool to move vector _____.
To make sure an object is stacked behind all the
other objects in the image, use the _____ command.
To position an object along the bottom of the
drawing area, you should _____ it with the bottom
edge.
Use the _____ tool to apply the current stroke style
and color to selected pixels in a bitmap image.
When you select pixels with the Marquee tool or the
lasso, a (n) _____ dash line defines the selected
area.
Lesson 3 Vocabulary
Define the following terms
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Align
Bounding Box
Clipboard
Coordinates
Crop
Distort
Distribute
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Flip
Group
Rotate Scale
Skew
Stack
Transform