Transcript Injury in Hawaii

Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan:
SEAT BELT USE/OCCUPANT PROTECTION
Dan Galanis
Injury Prevention and Control Program
Hawaii Department of Health
1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214
Honolulu, HI 96813
Ph: 586-5943
E-mail: [email protected]
1
Overview of presentation
• Fatal traffic crashes (292 crashes, killing 335 residents)
– State/national comparisons (CDC data)
– Overall data (FARS)
• Trends, county comparisons
• Associated factors among drivers: age, gender, speeding,
alcohol/drug use, time, day of week, etc.
• Non-fatal traffic crashes
– Seating position, county comparisons, trends, age
• MVAR/DOT crash data
– Descriptions of injuries
• Hospital and emergency department (ED) records
• Trauma Registry data (Queen’s Hospital)
• Data from observational studies
2
Percent of fatally injured occupants who were not wearing
seat belts, by state, 2001-2005
Percent unrestrained for Hawaii: 53% (40th)
Percent for rest of U.S.: 57%
% not
restrained
HI
3
Rates of non-use of seat belts among fatally injured occupants,
in Hawaii, by seat position, 2001-2005
100%
8%
12%
7%
10%
10%
75%
42%
48%
43%
83%
57%
50%
25%
46%
44%
48%
43%
front seat:
driver
front seat:
passenger
unrestrained
back seat
passenger
restrained
unknown
unknown
total
4
Unrestrained occupants killed in traffic crashes
in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005
5
Characteristics of drivers involved in fatal crashes in Hawaii, 2001-2005
Unrestrained drivers (139) Restrained drivers (267)
Age
average
32.8 years*
39.7 years
51%*
39%
Gender (% male)
80%*
71%
Speeding
56%*
28%
Any contributing factor (driver error)
75%*
54%
Licensing problem (none, suspended, etc.)
18%*
8%
Alcohol use
63%*
23%
Drug positive
37%*
13%
Impaired driver
79%*
32%
Fatality rate
73%*
42%
Weekend crash (Saturday-Sunday)
35%
35%
Nighttime crash (8 pm - 4 am)
71%*
42%
ages 15 to 29 years
6
*indicates statistically significant difference between restrained and unrestrained drivers
The “injury pyramid” for injuries to
car occupants in Hawaii
Deaths*
1
(67/yr.)
Hospitalizations*
12 : 1 death
(~810/yr.)
Emergency department visits*
91 : 1 death
(~6,100/yr.)
Traffic crashes (police attended)
77 : 1 death
(~5,170/yr., including 2,510 “possible” injuries)
*Includes only residents of Hawaii
7
Rates of non-use of seat belts among occupants involved in
non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by seat position, 2001-2005
4%
100%
4%
13%
15%
96%
91%
84%
83%
75%
81%
50%
25%
3%
5%
13%
3%
front seat:
passenger (19%)
back seat
passenger (11%)
unknown (6%)
4%
0%
front seat:
driver (64%)
unrestrained
restrained
unknown
total
8
Unrestrained occupants involved in non-fatal
traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005
10%
9.3
8%
7.8
7.8
7.4
7.2
6
5.9
6%
4.9
4.9
4.3
4%
5.2 5.1
5.4
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.4
5.2
4.9 5
4.5
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.2
2%
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
Hawaii*
Honolulu
Kauai*
Maui*
state
4.4% overall
4.9%
5.3%
7.8%
5.1%
9
*denotes statistically significant trend over 5-year period
Unrestrained occupants involved in non-fatal
traffic crashes in Hawaii, by age, 2001-2005
10
Unrestrained occupants involved in non-fatal
traffic crashes in Hawaii, by age and gender, 2001-2005
11
Injury status of occupants involved in major
traffic crashes in Hawaii, by restraint status, 2001-2005
80%
67.6
60%
45.9
40%
27.6
18.5
20%
16
5.2
no
injury
possible
injury
nonincapaciincapacitating
tating
injury
injury
Unrestrained passengers
2.9
fatal
injury
15.1
1.1
no
injury
possible
injury
nonincapaciincapacitating
tating
injury
injury
0.2
fatal
injury
Restrained passengers
12
Car occupants admitted into the
Queen’s Trauma Registry, 2001-2005
• Seatbelt use: 66% (2 in 3)
– Higher for drivers (72%) vs. passengers (54%)
• Restrained occupants were less likely to:
– Have a TBI (41% vs. 62% for unrestrained)
– Have a spinal cord injury (1.3% vs. 2.4% for unrestrained)
– Have a fatal injury (1.3% vs. 4.1% for unrestrained)
• Alcohol use among those (49%) tested
– More common among unrestrained occupants (49%),
compared to restrained occupants (37%)
– More common among unrestrained drivers (52%),
compared to restrained drivers (35%)
13
Data from observational studies of occupant safety
14
Observed seat belt use rates among front seat occupants
in Hawaii, by county, 2002-2005
97.3
97.2
96.1
95.5
95
95%
94.9
95.1
94.8
94.6
94.3
93.2
93.1
93.3
92.8
92.7
92.3
95.3
93
91.9
93.2
91.8
91.3
91.1
90.7
89.4
89.5
89.1
88.5
90.2
89.8
88.8
90.4
88.8
87.7
85.7
85%
02b 03a 03b 04a 04b 05a 05b 02b 03a 03b 04a 04b 05a 05b 02b 03a 03b 04a 04b 05a 05b 02b 03a 03b 04a 04b 05a 05b 02b 03a 03b 04a 04b 05a 05b
Honolulu
Hawaii
Maui
Kauai
state
92.6% (overall)
92.4%
91.9%
91.7%
92.5%
15
a indicates observations collected from January-March of that year, b indicates observations collected during June of that year
Observed seat belt use rates among front seat
occupants in Hawaii, 2005
• Restraint use is higher for:
– Drivers than in passengers (95.8% vs. 94.0%)
– Occupants of cars than in trucks (96.5% vs. 92.3%)
– Occupants in high traffic volume than in low traffic volume
(95.5% vs. 91.5%)
– Occupants in high speed zones (55 mph) than in low speed
(<25 mph) zones (96.4% vs. 92.7%)
– Occupants traveling in morning than in afternoon/evening
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(96.3% vs. 94.7%)
Data summary for non-use of seat belts among occupants
How much?
*53% of deaths to occupants (32 residents each year)
* Only about 4% of those in non-fatal crashes,
but non-use is directly related to injury severity
*Decreasing trends across the state (increasing use)
Who? *Younger occupants in general
*toddlers (2-3 yrs.) and teens. Males somewhat
Where? *Generally comparable across counties
Maui somewhat higher
Why? *Associations with alcohol and drug use, speeding,
and other high risk behaviors among drivers 17
Observed car seat use rates among child occupants
in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005
100
96.2 95.4
91.6
100
98.3 98.5
90.2
95.5
94.9
93 94.3 91.8 92.3
93.4 94.4
93.9
89.9
91.9
88.2
84.9
82.1
80 79.6 78.9 81
81.6
75
70.6
75 75.4
63.2
62.2
55.8
52.8
49.5 48.9
total
41.6
39
73.5
59.5
49.6
50
72.5
66.2
64.2
57.7
54.3
82.5
71.1
62.6
59.8
82.7
78.7
74.5
71.9
93.4
87.5
81.6
77.9
72.3
97.1
90.9
85.7
81.1
66.3
37.1
infants
34.5
43.8
43.2
36.1 35.7
34.8
toddlers
28.7
25
100
98.5
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ‘05
Honolulu
Hawaii
Maui
Kauai
state
66.3% (overall)
58.7% overall
60.4%
71.9%
64.8%18
Fatal crashes
• Fatal crash/FARS data
– Traffic only, i.e. crashes on public roads
• Excludes crashes in parking lots, driveways, military bases, gated
sub-divisions, etc.
– Includes only “passenger vehicles”—cars, pickups, SUV’s,
vans, etc.
• Excludes motorcycles, mopeds, buses, limo’s, large trucks (semi’s, 3+
axles, 6+ tires)
– Unintentional in nature
• Excludes deaths of undetermined intent (3 crashes, 1% of total)
– Excludes 19 crashes (6%) that did not involve a Hawaii
resident fatality
– Excludes 6 crashes (2%) that only involved fatalities among
truck bed passengers
– Final sample: 335 resident occupants killed in 292 crashes
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