Transcript The Science of Biology

The Science of Biology
Chapter 1
an
organized way of
using evidence to learn
about the natural world
Science is…
 Investigate
and understand
the natural world
 Explain events in the natural
world
 Use those explanations to
make useful predictions
The goal of science is to…
 Begins with observation
 Collecting data
*quantitative
*qualitative
 Use data to make inferences-logical
interpretation based on prior
knowledge or experience
Scientific thinking
 Designing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
an experiment
Identify problem
Get background info.
Form a hypothesis
Set up controlled experiment
Collect/analyze data
Conclusion
Publish results
1.2 How Scientists Work
 Manipulated
variable is the
one that is changed
 Responding variable is the
one that is observed and
changes in response to the
manipulated variable
 Remember controls
 Science
is an organized way of
using evidence to learn about…
 3 goals of science
 How do scientists think?
 How do scientists work?
Review
Think about this question….
Does the amount of sleep a
student gets affect how well
the student does in school?
1. Form a hypothesis
2. Describe a controlled
experiment
3. Describe how the results could
be recorded and analyzed
FLIES on MEAT

What was Redi’s hypothesis?
(pg.9)

Why did he design an experiment
that tested only one variable?
 Scientists
keep written records of
their data, observations
 Scientists
use the data from an
experiment to evaluate the
hypothesis and draw a valid
conclusion
(accept or reject hypothesis)
 Scientists
publish and repeat
experiments
 Important to write procedure so
it can be repeated
 Needham
and Spallanzani
(mid-1700s)
 Claimed
spontaneous generation
could occur under right
conditions
 Heated gravy in sealed container
 After a few days found
“animalcules”
 What did he infer?
John Needham
 Needham
didn’t heat samples
enough
 Boiled 2 containers of gravy
 Sealed one and left the other
open
 What do you think happened to
the 2 containers of gravy?
Lazzaro Spallanzani
 Sometimes
it is not possible to
do an experiment
ethical considerations
voluntary human subjects
animal-based research
A
well-tested explanation that
unifies a broad range of
observations
 Helps scientists make accurate
predictions about new situations
 How
does a theory compare with a
hypothesis?
Theory