Transcript Concept Generation - Rose

TRIZ Introduction
Announcements
• No Class, Monday, 11-Nov-2013
– Work on project
• Device demonstration 10th week (13-Nov)
during lab:
• Final Exam, Wednesday, 20-Nov. at 6:00 PM
• O231 – Section 01
• O233 – Section 02
Product Development Phases
Concept
Development
Planning
System-Level
Design
Detail
Design
Testing and
Refinement
Production
Ramp-Up
Concept Development Process
Mission
Statement
Identify
Customer
Needs
Establish
Target
Specifications
Generate
Product
Concepts
Select
Product
Concept(s)
Test
Product
Concept(s)
Perform Economic Analysis
Benchmark Competitive Products
Build and Test Models and Prototypes
Set
Final
Specifications
Plan
Downstream
Development
Development
Plan
Review
TRIZ
A Russian acronym:
Theoria Resheneyva Isobretatelskehuh Zadach
(Theory of Solving Problems Inventively)
Or
(Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)
TIPS
TRIZ
•
•
•
•
Genrich Altshuller, 1950’s
Way of thinking
One of the better known approaches in commercial settings
Output of process
– solution paths and concepts
– better more cleanly defined problem and project
– MANY solution concepts
• From the study of new products/inventions, Altschuller
identified 5 levels of innovation
3
1
2
Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation
• Level 1 (32% of designs)
Conventional design solutions arrived at by
methods well known in the technology area of
the system
• Level 2 (45% of designs)
Minor corrections made to an existing system
by well known methods at the expense of
some compromise in behavior
Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation
• Level 3 (18% of designs)
Fundamental improvements to an existing
system by methods known outside the
industry
Altshuller’s Five Levels of Innovation
• Level 4 (4% of designs)
Solutions based on application of a new scientific
principle to eliminate basic performance
compromises. This type of invention will cause a
paradigm shift in the technology sector.
• Level 5 (<1% of designs)
Pioneering inventions based on a discovery
outside of known science and known technology.
TRIZ Strategies
1. Increase the Ideality of a product or system
2. Identify the product’s place in its evolution to
ideality and force the next step
3. Identify key physical or technological
contradictions in the product and revise the
design to overcome them using inventive
principles
4. Model a product or system using substancefield (Su-Field) analysis and apply candidate
modifications
Contradictions
• Physical
– One object has contradictory requirements
– Example: the object must be hot and cold
• Technical
– Trade-offs
– Something gets better, something else gets worse
– Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car
gets more expensive
Overall Approach
Your Problem
General Problem
Your Solution
General Solution
Using Inventive Principles To
Eliminate Technical Contradictions
Altshuller found that technical contradictions
could be described in terms of system
parametric features.
One system feature is improved…
Another system feature is worsened...
From his study of patents, Altshuller found
these features could be condensed to a
standard list of 39.
Standard Features:
Technical Contradiction Elimination
1. Weight of a Moveable Object
2. Weight of a Fixed Object
3. Length of a Moveable Object
4. Length of a Fixed Object
5. Area of a Moveable Object
6. Area of a Fixed Object
7. Volume of a Moveable Object
8. Volume of a Fixed Object
9. Speed
10. Force
11. Stress, Pressure
12. Shape
13. Object's Composition Stablility
14. Strength
15. Duration of Moving Object's Operation
16. Duration of a Fixed Object's Operation
17. Temperature
18. Illumination
19. Energy Expense of a Moveable Object
20. Energy Expense of a Fixed Object
21. Power
22. Waste of Energy
23. Loss of Substance
24. Loss of Information
25. Waste of Time
26. Quantity of Substance
27. Reliability
28. Measurement Accuracy
29. Manufacturing Precision
30. Harmful Action on an Object
31. Harmful Effect Caused by the Object
32. Ease of manufacture
33. Ease of Operation
34. Ease of Repair
35. Adaptation
36. Device Complexity
37. Measurement of Test Complexity
38. Degree of Automation
39. Productivity
Improving
Feature
1
Weight of moving object
2
Weight of stationary object
3
Length of moving object
4
Length of stationary object
Consider Using Inventive Principles:
28 - Mechanics Substitution
29 - Pneumatics and Hydraulics
35 - Parameter Changes
40 - Composite Materials
Weight of
stationary object
Worsening
Feature
This information was
organized in a matrix.
Weight of
moving object
Contradiction Matrix
1
2
35, 28,
40, 29
Try the supplied Excel Spreadsheet containing the matrix.
The wording may be slightly different from our slide
because this matrix is free.
Use Improving Feature:
Length of stationary
object
Use Worsening Feature:
Weight of stationary object
The Numbers Supplied Refer to the 40 Inventive Principles
Principle 28 Mechanics substitution
A. Replace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or
smell) means.
•Replace a physical fence to confine a dog or cat with an acoustic "fence"
(signal audible to the animal).
•Use a bad smelling compound in natural gas to alert users to leakage,
instead of a mechanical or electrical sensor.
B. Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object.
•To mix 2 powders, electrostatically charge one positive and the other
negative. Either use fields to direct them, or mix them mechanically
and let their acquired fields cause the grains of powder to pair up.
C. Change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those
having structure.
•Early communications used omnidirectional broadcasting. We now
use antennas with very detailed structure of the pattern of radiation.
D. Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles.
•Heat a substance containing ferromagnetic material by using varying
magnetic field. When the temperature exceeds the Curie point, the
material becomes paramagnetic, and no longer absorbs heat.
Useful Links
http://www.triz-journal.com/
Go to the link below and download the 40 Inventive Principles
http://www.triz-journal.com/archives/1997/07/b/index.html
Now you try an example: Piping of Steel Shot
 Pipe for transporting steel shot
 Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot movement.
 Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes wear.
An Actual Used Solution
 Pipe for transporting steel shot
 Problem: Pipe wears out at spots from steel shot movement.
 Conflict: Shot must move, but movement causes wear.
 TRIZ Conflict
 Improving objective: Productivity (#39)
 Worsening objective: Loss of substance (#23)
 Suggested principles: #10: Preliminary action, #23: Feedback,
#35: Parameter changes, and
 #28: Mechanical interaction substitution -- Use electrical,
magnetic fields to interact with object.
 Solution
 Place a magnet at high wear spots (corners)
to adhere shot to pipe to create a coating.
What if the pellets are plastic?
Try Another One
Airbags need to inflate before contacting occupants and they
also need to inflate fast to prevent forward motion of the
occupants.
We would like to inflate the air bags faster while decreasing the
adverse effects.
Principle 16: Partial or Excessive
Action
• If it is difficult to obtain 100% of a desired effect, achieve
more or less of the desired effect.
• Example: Roll the walls of a room that you are painting, then
finish the gap.
• Air bag problem: Use a lower powered air bag. By using less
power the acceleration of the bag is less, and injuries will be
reduced.
• Air bag problem: Use smaller air bags with higher power.
These bags will reach full inflation sooner.
Principle 21: Rushing Through
• Perform harmful and hazardous operations at a very high
speed.
• Example: Cut plastic faster than heat can propagate in the
material to avoid deforming the shape.
• Air Bag Example: Inflate the air bag faster than current
practice.
Example: Inverted Ketchup Bottle
Inventive Principles
10 Preliminary Action
11 Before-hand Compensation
13 Other Way Around
20 Continuity of Useful Action
Example: Bb Clarinet Stand
1
2
3
4
Inventive Principles
01 Segmentation
07 Nested Doll
15 Dynamic Parts
Example: Dissolving/Throwaway Films
Inventive Principles
27 Cheap Short-Living Objects
34 Discarding and Recovering
Example: Storage Shelf System
Lag bolt and fender
washer steady shelf
system.
2x4 transfers load.
Wall
Floor supports
shelf system.
Floor
Footer
Inventive Principles
06 Multi-functionality or Universality
09 Weight Compensation
13 Other Way Around
16 Partial or Excessive Actions
24 Intermediary
Example: Collectables Display Shelf
1
2
3
Inventive Principles
01 Segmentation
04 Symmetry Change
07 Nested Doll
22 Blessing in Disguise
Example: “Good Neighbor” Fence
Inventive Principles
01 Segmentation
03 Local Quality
40 Composite Materials
Contradictions
• Physical
– One object has contradictory requirements
– Example: the object must be hot and cold
• Technical
– Trade-offs
– Something gets better, something else gets worse
– Example: as acceleration time gets faster, the car
gets more expensive
Inventive Principles:
Physical Contradiction
Physical contradictions exist when a system
has mutually opposing requirements.
A system feature must be present…
This system feature must not be present…
• A pen tip should be sharp to draw fine lines, but blunt to avoid
tearing paper
• Aircraft landing gear are needed for landing but not needed for
efficient flight.
• Sandblasting abrasive must be present to abrade but not present as
an abrasive contaminant.
Separation Principles
Separation principles are
inventive principles
that are used to eliminate
physical contradictions.
Separation Principles
• Opposite physical states can be separated:
– In Time
– In Space
– Between the system and its components
• Multiple physical states coexist in the same
system.
Separation in Space
• Separate the zones of conflicting requirements.
• Make the objects within every zone meet one of
the requirements.
• Consider both physical space and phase space.
PLATING METAL PARTS
• To plate metal parts with nickel they were
placed in a bath of nickel salt. The bath
was heated to increase the productivity of
the process. However, heating reduced the
stability of the salt solution and it started
to decompose.
®Ideation International
Stating the Problem
Technical Contradiction
Heating increases productivity, but wastes
material.
Control parameter is temperature
Physical Contradiction
Temperature should be high to increase
productivity and temperature should be low
to avoid waste
SEPARATION IN SPACE
• In the nickel plating of parts, increased
temperature is necessary only in
proximity to the parts. To accomplish this,
the parts themselves may be heated,
rather than the solution.
Example: Separation in Space
Asymmetric Brush
Fibers must be short to strip dirt
and
long to sweep dirt away
Example from Techoptimizer 3.01
SEPARATION IN SPACE
• A characteristic is made larger in one place and smaller
in another
• A characteristic is present in one place and absent in
another
• Example: Submarines which pull sonar detectors drag
the detectors at the end of several thousand feet of
cable to separate the detector from the noise of the
submarine
• Example: Bifocal glasses
• Example: Different spaces can be utilized to solve
different problems, i.e., protect a wound, adhere to
the skin and allow the skin to breath.
Separation in Space
• Consider the following Inventive Principles
– Segmentation
– Taking Out
– Local Quality
– Asymmetry
– Nested Doll
– Another Dimension
– Intermediary
– Cheap Short Living
Try attacking your problem
both as a technical
contradiction and physical
contradiction.
Separation in Time
• Separate the periods of conflicting requirements.
• Make the objects within every period meet one of
the requirements.
SEPARATION IN TIME
•
A characteristic is made larger at one time and smaller at another
•
A characteristic is present at one time and absent at another
• Example: Concrete piles must be pointed for easy driving but not
pointed to support a load. The piles are made with pointed tips
which are destroyed after driving, via an embedded explosive.
• Example: Aircraft wings are longer for takeoff, and then pivot back
for high speed flight.
• Example: Consider the problem of sand accumulation with abrasive
sandblasting. An effective solution is to use dry ice chips as the
abrasive. After abrading, the chips will simply disappear by
sublimation.
Separation in Time Example
Short, high energy pulse for cracking
and
Long, low energy pulse to move
rock away
Example from Techoptimizer 3.01
Separation in Time
Consider the following Inventive Principles
•
•
•
•
•
•
Preliminary Anti-action
Preliminary Action
Beforehand Cushioning
Dynamics
Partial or Excessive Action
Mechanical Vibration
• Periodic Action
• Continuity of Useful
Action
• Skipping
• Pneumatics and
Hydraulics
• Discarding and Recovering
Separation in Time Example
Technical Contradiction: Rapidly spilling fluid produces an unbalanced force resulting
in uncontrolled poppet valve closure.
Physical Contradiction: Valve should be like a force balanced spool valve to remain
open during spilling and also like a poppet valve (i.e., not like a force balanced spool
valve) to prevent leakage when closed.
Separation Principle(s)
Separation in Time Spool valve qualities when open
and poppet valve qualities when
closed
Inventive Principle(s)
07 Nested Doll
08 Anti-Weight
13 Other Way Around
15 Dynamics
Separation in Time Example
Solution: Novel valve assembly is biased open by spilling fluid yet seals when
controllably closed (US 10/001,784).
Benefits:
•No uncontrolled closing regardless
of spill rate
•Low spill resistance
•Low actuator force
•No boost voltage
•Electric Motive Force (EMF) motion
diagnostics.
Separation Between the System
and its Components
• Increase the number of the objects (or its
subsystems) and separate the conflicting
requirements between:
– The objects (or subsystems).
– The objects and the whole system.
Separation Between the System and its
Components
Flexible to form around workpiece
and
Rigid to hold workpiece in place.
Example from Techoptimizer 3.01
SEPARATION BETWEEN THE
SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENTS
• A characteristic has one value at the system
level and the opposite value at the component
level
• A characteristic exists at the system level but
not at the component level (or vice versa)
• Example: A bicycle chain is rigid at the
micro-level for strength, and flexible at the
macro-level.
• Example: Epoxy resin and hardener are
liquid until mixed, then they solidify.
Both Physical States Coexist
in the Same System
• Make the object meet conflicting requirements by
inversion.
• Apply the conflicting requirements to different
parameters of the object
Make the object meet conflicting requirements by
inversion.
Twin propellers rotating in opposite
directions cancel forces that impact plane
stability.
The Wright Brothers'1903 Flyer.
Air Hogs Havoc Heli
Apply the conflicting requirements to different
parameters of the object
To keep the tank short, the water is moved
so the swimmer remains stationary.
Example from Techoptimizer 3.01
When rider goes slow, there are two rear
wheels. When rider speeds up the two rear
wheels come together as a single wheel.
In-class Quiz
Name:____________________________________________CM:__________
Name:____________________________________________
Name:____________________________________________
Two major highways are proposed to intersect.
Traffic cannot flow on both highways without
conflict.
State as a physical contradiction:
Use separation principles to suggest as many solutions as possible.
Think about solutions that you have seen.
?
Separation in space:
Over/under pass
Tunnel, Bridge
Separation in time:
Stoplight or rush hour
directional control
Drawbridge or access
control such as gates
Separation by Parts:
Rotary or highways
merge and crossover