Transcript 1. dia - unideb.hu

SCHOOL PARTNERSHIP PROJECT
TRACE
(Discovering Traditional Crafts Across Europe)
Made by :
Anna Rácz, Regina Fekete, Eszter Balogh, Réka Danyi, Daniella Gökler,
Beáta Szutor and Lídia Herceg
Lajos Kossuth Primary School of Debrecen University
Debrecen,Hungary
2010
Pottery in
the Debrecen area,
Hungary
Ancient history
Pottery is one of the oldest crafts.
The earliest pottery dishes were hand built
and they were fired in bonfires to make
them last long.
The History of Pottery
in Hungary
We have beautiful stove tiles and various
pots from 15th century Renaissance times.
Haban Art
From the early 17th
century, the most
beautiful plates, jars,
jugs and bowls were
made by the Habans, an
Anabaptist community
from Switzerland.
The decoration of their
products originally
showed Italian
influences.
Turkish influence
Decoration which looks
more
Hungarian soon
replaced
the
Habaner
style. The new motifs
(tulips, roses, birds, etc.)
were taken from the
Ottoman Empire, which
conquered Hungary in the
16th century.
All kinds of pots were needed. Cooks
used a different kind of pot for each
type of food.
As the saying goes:” Smelly food has a
smelly pot.”
Because of mass production and cheap
foreign crockery, in the middle of the
20th century people didn’t buy handmade
pottery.
However, traditional craftsmanship is becoming
more and more popular again.There is a great
demand for cooking, baking and serving dishes,
…
and potters sell their products at fairs,
or straight from their workshops.
There are galleries and exhibitions where today’s
housewives can find beautiful, …
… unique and very practical pieces for
different purposes.
Our Region
Nádudvar is a small town about 45 km from
Debrecen. It is the western gate of the
Hortobágy National Park, which is part of
the world heritage. The town was named
after the yards surrounded by reed
(=reed+yard).
It was inhabited in prehistoric times.
The unique method of decoration from Nádudvar is special because it is
done by rubbing with a pebble. The top quality clay found around
Náduvar made the town the most important centre of black pottery.
A famous potter family called Fazekas (=Potter in English) has made
the famous black glazeless ceramics here since the 17th century.
The members of the family do everything themselves from the mining
of the clay to the sale of pots. The potters from Nádudvar made the
bowls, water jugs, dishes and tiny spice containers for the whole
territory east of the RiverTisza.
The most spectacular working process is
the forming of the pot. Shaping something
on a potter’s wheel is called „throwing”.
Then comes the decoration.
There are three types of decoration. Two
of them –scratching and superpositioning
(putting clay ornaments on) -are done when
the clay is still wet.
scratching
scrubbing
superpositioning
Besides geometric
patterns,
leaves, rosemary twigs, pine
branches,
wavelines,
dots, ...
flowers and birds are also frequently used motifs
- both with light glazed …
…and…
… red glazed ceramics. These ornamental pieces
are also made in Nádudvar, but the town is
really famous for its black pottery.
In Hungary, the second kind of
decoration – scrubbing - is
made only in Nádudvar. It is
used on the dry pot just
before firing. This process is
done with a simple river
pebble. The part of the pot
which is scrubbed with the
pebble becomes shiny, and
after the firing it will be
bright black
The firing is done in a traditional wood-burning
kiln at 950 Celsius. The kiln is covered, smoke is
trapped inside and soot colours the pieces black.
Jugs
Potters who make the black ceramics have
only two colours to play with: black and
blacker. This way they create a wonderful
balance of light and shadow .
As in many other places, the potters of
Nádudvar made a kind of „tricky” surprise or
„decoy” jugs. A legend says that it saved the
beautiful daughter of the mayor from the harem
of the Sultan of Turkey. He returned the girl
for a jug that could turn water into wine.
The jug had a double bottom, so they could keep
wine and water in it at the same time. It has
several false sprouts, so it’s difficult to find out
how you can drink from it.
(The Sultan didn’t!)
Jugs in the shape of the famous Hungarian
hussars of the 19th century were very popular.
They are called – depending on size – „Big Mike
Jug” („Nagymiska”) and „Little Mike Jug”
(„Kismiska”). The female jug is called „Juliska”.
‘Nagymiska’,
‘Kismiska’
and
‘
Juliska’
A Visit to a Local Potter’s
The potter is putting the ball of
clay onto the potter’s wheel,
centering and forming it with her
hands, so she is „throwing” it.
She is trimming the piece, removing the
excess clay with a fishline.
Thrown pieces are waiting to be
fired in an electric kiln.
Pouring white
glaze into the
jug.
The design is drawn on
the jug with „íróka”,
meaning
„little
writing
tool”, which has a tip
made from the stem of a
goose feather.
After dipping the pots into the glaze to give
them an outer coating, they are fired again.
To have this light
green glaze, the
ware is first dipped
in white slip, then
in the green glaze.
Products waiting to be sold