Transcript Document
The Church in the Life of the Faithful Chapter 6 The Priesthood of the Laity Types of Priesthood Ministerial Priesthood Common Priesthood Faith of the Faithful is the Faith What does the word “faith” mean as it pertains to Christians? Fides qua creditur The faith by which it is believed (personal faith) What does the phrase “Faith of the Church” mean? Fides quæ creditur The faith which is believed (what the church teaches) Faith of the Faithful is the Faith Who are the faithful? Those who believe what the Church teaches What do you think this statement means? Different Charisms What is a charism? Grace (Greek) or Gift From the Holy Spirit Enables People of God to build up the Body of Christ Differ according to “particular state of life” Charism How is a charism officially recognized? Holy Orders Religious Life Appointment or “job” What is a vocation or state of life? What is your current vocation? What are some possible future vocations? Vocations Vocations Focus What is “the lifelong challenge and goal that faces every Christian in living as a member of the Church”? (p. 178) Why do Christians fall short of their calling? What’s How your favorite theology word, CK? do we live our faith faithfully? Personal holiness (sanctification) Toward God (example) Toward neighbor (example) Faith Requires a Response What Does Faith Look Like? What does the faith of the centurion look like? (cf Luke 7.1-10) “Lord, I am not worthy” (humility) What does the faith of the men who helped their paralyzed friend look like? (cf Luke 5.18-26) “When he saw their faith” (merit; humility) What Does Faith Look Like? What does the faith of the bleeding woman look like? (Luke 8.43-48) “She came up behind him, and touched the fringe of his garment” (humility; confidence) What does Peter’s faith look like? (Mt 16.13-18) Confidence; boldness Focus What was the source of St Peter’s faith in Jesus? Gift from the Holy Spirit What is the response that faith requires in all of us? Humility Trust Confidence Focus Where does faith begin? Baptism Strengthened in Confirmation Nourished/Fed in the Eucharist Focus On what authority should we believe what God reveals? NOT: “It makes sense to me” or “It feels right.” THINK: A man says, “I had a dream where God told me to do something.” The priest says, “How do you know it was not the devil speaking to you?” THINK: What is the difference between Abraham and a psychopathic lunatic? KEY We believe “because of the authority of God himself who reveals them, who can neither deceive nor be deceived.” Ultimately, we trust God That He knows what is best That He will not deceive us That He cannot be bribed The People of God Who is the Church Christ The Head of the Body The People of God Members of the Body Who are the People of God The communion of all the faithful in Christ KEY: communion – common union KEY: Faithful – hold to the Faith KEY: in Christ – not just any faith, but the Catholic Faith God’s Chosen People Ethnically diverse Jews & Gentiles Unified by the Holy Spirit (Acts 10) Who are the People of God Born St of Water & the Spirit We are not God’s people because we have the right parents (natural descent) but because God is our Father (spiritual descent) Peter: Chosen Royal Holy Purchased Who Guides the People of God? The Magisterium (define) Teaching authority Teach the Faith (fides quæ creditur) Based on Sacred Scripture & Sacred Tradition Given by Christ to Apostles From Apostles to their successors Pope and bishops in union with Pope Common Priesthood What is a Priest? What is a priest? Offers sacrifice Prays for the people Serves those in need Priests are called by God “To act on behalf of the people in relation to God, and To offer gifts and sacrifices for sins” (Heb) Priesthood or Priesthoods? How The Levites The Apostles & their successors How does this describe one man? does this describe a group as one? Israel is “a kingdom of priests” The Church is “a royal priesthood” Priesthood or Priesthoods? What are the two “levels” or types of priesthood in the Church? Common priesthood Shared by all the faithful Ministerial priesthood Those in Holy Orders (deacons, priests, bishops) Service for the faithful IMPORTANT: Both participate in the one priesthood of Christ Priesthood or Priesthoods? What is the relationship between the common priesthood and the ministerial priesthood? Read CCC1547 (p. 183-184) Common = unfolding baptismal grace In a life of faith, hope and charity Ministerial = serve, support the common priesthood Means Christ uses to build up & lead the Church Living the Priesthood How do you live out the common priesthood? Offering your life as a living sacrifice What is a “living sacrifice”? How do you offer yourself to others? How do you offer yourself to God? Universal Call to Holiness Definitions What To be a saint What is a saint? Sacrifices selfish desires Aligns own will with God’s will Not doing better, but being better “Be is the universal call to holiness? perfect” – How can we do that? Always strive, aspire for greater holiness You can always be better Being Holy Being Holy is not just about “going to Mass” Being Holy has three (plus one) main points Begins with Mass and daily prayer Includes church-related activities Also refers to everyday life Denying yourself things that are harmful to your eyes, ears or person St Gianna Beretta Molla What was St Gianna’s vocation? What was her dilemma in 1961 What was her response to this dilemma? What was the result of her decision? How was her life a sacrifice or martyrdom? How is St Gianna a model of holiness? The Liturgy Prayer & Liturgy What is communal prayer? What is personal prayer? Which type of prayer is “liturgical prayer”? How does the word “liturgy” lead to this conclusion? Which type of prayer requires Sacrifice of self? Sacrifice for the good of others? Liturgy What is the liturgy? Communal prayer – prayer of Jesus continued in the Church Public work for common good Worship on behalf of (for good of) all Offering the world back to God in thanksgiving Official worship of God which includes rites (words) and ceremonies (actions) Liturgy Why did Liturgy become necessary? THINK: Sin of Adam & Eve Thinking that the world was theirs, rather than a gift from God Restoring of communion in God means seeing God as giver, and us as the ones given to KEY: Liturgy leads us to a shift in our being thinking and believing and doing Mediator What is a mediator? Bridge the gap Why is one necessary? How was Jesus our mediator? THINK: Passion of the Christ How is Jesus still our mediator? Who really celebrates Mass? Bowing, kissing, etc. Liturgical Year Two calendars Festival (temporal) Saints (sanctoral) Describe the basic seasons All the basic seasons revolve around which feast? All the Sundays are little celebrations of which feast? Sacraments Seven Sacraments Read the statement on the top of page 191 (green letters). With bullet points, focusing on the verb, finish this statement: “Sacraments Sanctify (holiness) Build up (strengthen, encourage, feed) Give worship (credit, honor, respect) Instruct (teach) Express (declare, tell about) Impart (give, bestow) Nourish Definitions What are the four key parts to the definition of Sacrament? What is the Greek word for “sacrament”? What does “mystery” mean? Why is the sacrament an “oath”? A vow, or solemn promise You can see how this refers to Holy Matrimony & Holy Orders. How does “oath” refer to Holy Baptism? Definitions Term Sign Sign of grace Efficacious sign of grace Instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church The Meaning of “Sacrament” Explanation It points to a deeper reality, as pouring of water is a sign of the deeper reality of being cleansed of sin. It is a sign by which we receive God’s grace, if we are properly disposed. It automatically dispenses the grace it signifies independently of the holiness of the celebrant or recipient. This is established by Scripture and Tradition. Definitions Why is it important about understanding that the sacraments confer grace ex opere operato (without obstacles)? It is God’s work, not human work Instituted by Christ, not by men Humans cannot stand in the way of God’s grace It is entrusted not to individuals but to the Church Baptism Video Baptism Begins What does the word “baptism” mean? When did Jesus institute Baptism? First, by His example Second, by His command to the apostles after his resurrection Was Jesus’ baptism the first baptism ever? How was St John’s baptism different than the baptism you receive? Baptism Begins How was Jesus’ baptism a “theophany”? Manifestation (showing) of God What was revealed about Jesus? Human and Divine One of the Trinity Beloved of Son Entrusted with a mission Anointed one Baptism Begins What did Jesus say (just saying) to Nicodemus that teaches us about baptism? Read John 3 Did Jesus baptize anyone? What words did Jesus speak to the apostles which instituted baptism for the Church? Name at least two examples of the someone in Acts fulfilling Jesus’ command to baptize. (Ananias) Baptismal Effects What are the effects (efficacious grace) or benefits of baptism? Removes all sin Unites a person in Christ Incorporates a person into the Mystical Body of Christ Eternal life Receive the Holy Spirit Confirmation Video Confirmation: Review What does the word “confirm” mean? Why are people confirmed? Strengthen faith Support on the journey of faith What are the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, and what does each mean? Why do you think confirmation is the second sacrament of initiation? Eucharist Video Video Review What is the Eucharist? Body, Blood, Soul, Divinity of Christ given in the bread and wine What does “transubstantiation” mean? What is the difference between “transubstantiation” and “transformation”? What is the benefit of receiving the Eucharist? What is the relationship between Jesus’ crucifixion and the Eucharist? John 6 Read John 6.1-15 How does this pericope foreshadow the institution of the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper? What are the two meanings of “the bread which came down from heaven”? (6.22-35) Read 6.51-58. Write two statements which describe what the Eucharist is? Write three statements from John 6.40-59 in which Jesus clearly explains the benefits of the Eucharist. Eucharist: Effects increases our union with Christ forgives our venial sins strengthens us against future temptations to commit mortal sins unites us more closely to Christ unites us to the entire Mystical Body of Christ identifies us with [Christ’s] heart, sustains our strength along the pilgrimage makes us long for eternal life, and unites us even now to the Church in Heaven, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and all the saints. Requirements to Receive To receive the Eucharist worthily, one must Be in full communion with the Church Be free from mortal sin What does it mean to be in full communion with the Church? (three things) What is a mortal sin? Source How is the Eucharist the source of the Church’s life? Christ is the source of the Church’s life The Eucharist is the real, sacramental presence of Christ Summit How is the Eucharist the summit of the Church’s life? The Eucharistic celebration includes all the prayers and good works, joys and sufferings of the faithful. These modest offerings are united to the perfect Sacrifice of Christ and are thus completely sanctified and lifted up to God in an act of perfect worship. Penance Video Penance: Review When did Christ institute the Sacrament of Penance? What is concupiscence? What is the difference between venial and mortal sins? Definition Reception of Holy Communion What sins? does it mean to “bind” or “retain” Penance: Review What are the five parts of the Sacrament of Reconciliation? Interior conversion Contrition Confession Absolution Satisfaction Who is the minister of this Sacrament? Penance: Review Penance: Review Thinking with the Church Some non-Catholics object to telling their sins to a priest in Confession. Why is it both good and necessary to confess sins to the priest? Christ commands it Cathartic Certainty of forgiveness (not selfforgiveness) Anointing Video Anointing: Review What is “Extreme Unction”? Anointing the extremities Anointing at the “extreme” of life Why would a person be anointed? What is used in anointing? When did Christ institute the Sacrament of Anointing? What other “tools” did Jesus use to heal the sick? Anointing: Review Write a bullet-point summary of the many benefits of the Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick, based on the paragraph beginning, “There are several spiritual benefits..” (p. 207). Holy Orders Video Holy Orders: Review Why is it called “Holy Orders”? Who receives Holy Orders? When did Christ institute this sacrament? Calling the Twelve Last Supper What are the three major orders? What obligations did Christ confer on the Apostles and their successors? Hint: Great Commission Holy Orders Holy Matrimony Video Prayer & Sacrifice Prayer What is a basic definition of prayer? Ask or Request Conversation Raising the mind to God To what two types of prayer is each Christian called? Personal, individual prayers Communal worship. Read aloud the words of St John Paul II. Who should get the most credit when we pray? Our Father Read Matthew 6.5-15. What does this teach us about prayer? Read Luke 11.1-13. What does this teach us about prayer? What are the two most important sentences in the Our Father? The Our Father, line by line. Our Father Tertullian and St Thomas Aquinas state that the Our Father is the perfect prayer. Support their claim. Prayer from Jesus Includes all that we need to pray for (perfect pattern Most important matters spiritually (forgiveness) Most important matters materially (daily needs) Essence of Gospel—God is our Father Essence of holiness—doing God’s will Essence of mercy—forgiveness, deliverance from evil Types of Prayer Complete prayer. the chart on the 10 types of Types of Prayer Type Petition Adoration Contrition Thanksgiving Types of Prayer Definition or Explanation Asking God for things we or another need, whether material or spiritual. Praise of God for his beauty, truth and goodness. Expressing sorrow for one’s own and others’ offense against God through sin. Showing gratitude to God for his gifts and blessings. Formal Memorized Vocal Reciting prayers like the Our Father or Hail Mary. Meditation Engaging thought, imagination, emotion and desire when praying about some aspect of the faith. Silently and wordlessly fixing our attention on God. Contemplative Praying aloud. Devotions Completing fixed popular forms of prayer like the Rosary, Stations of the Cross, or novenas. The Mass Participating as much as possible in the words and actions of the Mass, according to what is proper to our state in life. Self-Denial Mortification Self-denial Read 1 Corinthians 6.12-20 What does St Paul mean when he says “All things are lawful, but not all things are helpful”? What does it mean that our bodies are not our own? Self-Denial Holiness comes through self-denial Related words: renunciation, self-sacrifice, mortification Purpose: the more we deny ourselves the pleasures of this life, the easier it is to look ahead Examples Athletic training Read 1 Corinthians 9.24-27 Learning any skill Not just about practice; it’s also about sacrifice Self-Denial Self-denial is Renouncing your own pleasures Sacrificing your desires for the good of God or others Putting to death the desires of the flesh (mortification) Mortification Meaning Dying to the flesh It is a means of seeking holiness through selfdiscipline and self-denial. Purpose To avoid sin and to subdue the body so as to strengthen the soul. Mortification Christians are in training Spiritual growth requires difficult discipline Spiritual growth requires looking ahead to the prize at the end KEY: Just as an athlete must train him- or herself to compete successfully, mortification, or self-denial, is an essential part of growing in holiness and pursuing the goal of the Christian life Mortification How can mortification help us avoid “near occasions” of sin? “Near occasions of sin” are situations which can lead us to sin. Example: hanging out with friends who drink or do drugs may tempt us to do the same Example: dressing provocatively may signal… Example: playing violent video games may lead us to think that life is cheap Mortification What is the point of denying ourselves innocent pleasures? It helps us grow in self control It helps us focus not on ourselves but on God and others Offer Up What does it mean to “offer up” selfdenial or hardships to God? From St Paul: “Offer yourself a living sacrifice” What helps make self-denial more effective? Prayer Charitable giving Self-denial Daily holiness The Church’s work What is the basis of the Church’s missionary work? How is this done today? The Church today is “urgently called upon to save and renew every creature, that all things may be restored in Christ and all men may constitute one family in him and one People of God.” Who is called to this work? If everyone, then why are their priests and religious? Missionary Activity What is the first and foremost method of carrying out missionary activity? How does St Francis’ words help us understand this activity? Going to Mass Christian witness in everyday life Empathy for others Willingness to share in others’ lives St Francis: “Preach the Gospel always; if necessary, use words.” How important is it to know your faith well? Vocation What is a vocation? What is your primary vocation? specific, permanent state of life to which God calls a person Holiness What is the most common vocation in the Church? What is the connection between the common priesthood of all the faithful and the lay state? Vocation Vocation What is the vocation of married couples? Who are the primary educators of children? “being witnesses of the Faith and the love of Christ to one another and to their children” In loco parentis What is the most important educational job parents have? Vocation What life? virtues can children learn in family the joy of work fraternal love generous—even repeated—forgiveness Tenderness Respect Fidelity Service for others without concern for self self-denial sound judgment self-mastery Empathy Vocation What are some duties of children toward their parents? love and gratitude Respect Obedience Care-taking Holiness in Work Work Why is work able to be made holy? Work is a gift from God Originally to tend or take care. Now includes sweat or labor How can we sanctity our work, ourselves, and others when we work? Performing our duties well Maintaining a cheerful and positive attitude Exercising Christian virtues Work What are some virtues we can develop through our work? Fairness Ethics Courtesy Kindness Friendship How can our work draw others to Christ? How can work be redemptive? Laity & Consecrated Life Laity What is an apostolate? An apostolate is the task of building up the Church The apostolate of the laity is to build up the Church In the family In the workplace In the Church’s formal work In society (culture and politics) What is the responsibility of the laity in public life? to promote the common good Consecrated Life What is the consecrated life? Persons called to live the evangelical counsels Chastity Poverty Obedience This is opposed to the worldly worship of Money Sex Power Imitates the life of Jesus Consecrated Life The primary tasks of consecrated life are ora et labora Prayer Examples and Service of consecrated religious life: Women religious (often referred to as sisters or nuns) Religious brothers Clergy who are members of a religious order or institute Consecrated virgins KEY: The commitment to a radical imitation of Christ Consecrated Life What are the main forms of consecrated life today? Religious orders and congregations Community life in monastery or convent Public vows of poverty, chastity and obedience Example: Benedictines Societies for apostolic life Life in the world apart from monastery or convent Public vows of poverty, chastity and obedience Example: Jesuits Secular institutes Oblates