Transcript GIS Site Suitability Analysis for developing a vineyard in

GIS Site Suitability
Analysis for developing a
vineyard in Sonoma
County, CA
____________________________
David Jaquet
Raster GIS & Modeling (32630-01)
Fall 2005
Motivation
• Sonoma County is one of the two best
producing wine regions of the north
central coast of California.
• I am interested in visualizing the criteria
matrix needed for correctly choosing a
potential land development for a vineyard,
I may want to develop a vineyard in the
future.
Study Area
Sonoma County, CA wine regions (Appellations)
Research Objectives
• This GIS suitability model analyzes
potential suitable land for creating a
vineyard in Sonoma County, CA.
• The model has both descriptive and
prescriptive components as it describes
various suitability criteria themes within
Sonoma County and uses these criteria
themes in a matrix to prescribe where a
vineyard should be developed to be
successful.
Methodology
The physiographic criteria were chosen from a variety of web sources. These criteria
can determine optimal land parcel characteristics for developing a successful
vineyard.
Dataset
Regional 30m 7.5' x 7.5' DEM
1:24,000 dataset
Primary Derived Criteria
Primary Raster Analysis
Parameters
Sonoma County Slope
5% ≤ Slope ≤ 35%; reclass
1 category
Sonoma County Aspect
112° ≤ Aspect ≤ 337°; reclass
1 category
Sonoma County Elevation
0 m ≤ Elevation ≤ 800 m; reclass
1 category
California Counties dataset
Sonoma county
Select Sonoma Co., make new layer
California Land use dataset
Sonoma County agriculture land
Select all agriculture land in Sonoma
County
California Hydrography dataset
Sonoma County hydro features
Select hydro features in Sonoma
County; reclass 1 category
Distance buffer from hydro source
Raster Dist. buffer 0-100 m bad fit,
100+ m good fit; reclass with 2
categories
Sonoma County soils dataset
Soil constituents suitable for vineyards
in Sonoma County
Chemicals/organic constituents
suitable for vineyards in Sonoma
County
Existing vineyards survey (1997)
Vineyards surveyed in 1997 in
Sonoma County
Feature to raster; reclass to 1
category.
Flowchart 1
CA Hydrographyrivers/streams/lakes
(features)
Re-project to
Geographic Coordinate
System:
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10
N
Datum:
D_North_American_1983
Re-projected
Dataset
sonoma_soils
(Sonoma Co soils)
dataset (feature)
Re-project To Geographic
Coordinate System
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
Datum:
D_North_American_1983
Re-projected
Dataset
Sonoma Co Soils
features
CA Hydro features
(Streams &
Lakes)
Select/query
streams and
lakes within
Sonoma Co.
California counties
(feature)
Re-project To Geographic
Coordinate System
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
Datum:
D_North_American_1983
Re-projected
Dataset
Regional 30m 7.5'
x 7.5' DEM
1:24,000 dataset
Vector Lattices (d38123,
d38122)
Define Geographic
Coordinate System:
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
Datum:
D_North_American_1983
Raster Grids (d38123,
d38122)
Define Geographic
Coordinate System:
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
Datum:
D_North_American_1983
Select/Query/mak
e new layer
Sonoma county
Re-projected
Dataset
CA Land use
(mgmtscape_vt)
dataset (raster)
Re-project To Geographic
Coordinate System
Spatial Reference:
NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
Datum: D_North_American_1983
Re-projected
Dataset
Raster to feature
CA Land use
Features
Sonoma County
feature
Continue to
flowchart 2
Mosaic rasters
d38123 and
d38122 to a new
combined DEM
Feature to
raster
Sonoma County
raster
Select/Query/make
new layer of Land use
features within
Sonoma County
feature layer
Regional DEM
Sonoma Co
Land use
Features
Sonoma Co Hydro
features
(Streams &
Lakes)
Overlay
Continue to
flowchart 2
Sonoma County
DEM
Continue to
flowchart 2
Continue to
flowchart 2
For elevation
Continue to
flowchart 2
For Slope
Continue to
flowchart 2
For Aspect
Sonoma Co Hydro
features
(Streams & Lakes)
Sonoma Co Soils
features
Sonoma Co DEM
Sonoma Co Land
use features
Select/Quer
y vineyard
suitable
soils
Feature to
raster
Calculate
elevation
0≤[DEM]≤800
“Good Soil”
Feature
Hydro
Grid
Select/Quer
y
Agriculture
land use
Feature to
raster
Reclass Hydro
grid 1
category
Sonoma Co DEM
Calculate
Slope Grid
(Raster)
Calculate
Aspect Grid DEM
Slope Grid
Aspect Grid
Calculate
5≤[slope]≤35
“Good Soil”
raster
Hydro
Grid
Sonoma Co DEM
Elevation Grid
“Good Elevation”
Sonoma Co
Agriculture land
features
Calculate
112≤[Aspect]≤33
7
Slope Grid
“Good Slope”
Aspect Grid
“Good Aspect”
Overlay
Feature to
raster
Create
Buffer: Max
distance 1000m
“Good elevation with
good soil” Grid
Hydro buffered
Grid
Overlay
Sonoma Co
Agriculture “good
land” raster
“Good elevation/good
soil/good land ” Grid
Reclass
Buffer
distance 2
categories
0-100
m
1001000m
Hydro buffered
Grid – 2 categories
Overlay
“Good surface”
Grid
Reclass Grid
1 category to display
“Good
elevation/good
soil/good land ”
“Good elevation/good
soil/good land ” Grid
Overlay
0-100m and 100m+
Overlay
Ideal land characteristics
outside 0-100 m ‘bad fit’
buffer zone
Potential land suitable for developing a
successful vineyard !
Ideal elevation/
soil/land combined
w/ideal surface
Flowchart 2
Flowchart 3 - Test
Existing Vineyards (1997)
Features
Potential land suitable for developing a
successful vineyard !
Feature
to raster
Existing Vineyards (1997)
Raster
Reclass to
1 category
Reclassed Existing
Vineyards (1997)
Raster
Overlay
241,33 raster features of potential
suitable land overlapped completely
with 219,769 existing vineyard raster
features, or a 11% Overlap
.
Sonoma County, CA Elevation for
Vineyards
Sonoma County, CA Slope and Aspect
for Vineyards
Buffer zones from water source
and surface to identify potential land
Potential suitable land for Vineyard
development
Test of final output data
w/existing dataset
Data Sources
• California Spatial Information Library
- Regional 30m 7.5' x 7.5' DEM
1:24,000 dataset
- California Hydrography dataset
- California counties dataset
• The California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection's Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP)
- California Landuse dataset
• USDA NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) Soil
Data Mart
- Sonoma County, CA Soils dataset
• The Russian River Interactive Information System
- Existing Sonoma County vineyards survey (1997)
Analysis Results
• The existing vineyards dataset regionally matched my final
vineyard potential land suitability output dataset.
• In the raster overlay test only 11% of outputted ideal
locations overlapped with existing vineyards.
• In vector: Only 34% of the existing vineyards were crossed
by the final outputted locations produced by this analysis.
66% of existing vineyards (1997) are not crossed by the
final output locations or are located completely outside the
final outputted locations, for example closer to water
sources, and higher in elevation. This could be due to
viticulturists’ experimentation in higher elevations, and
other soils, able to get closer to water source by using
certain irrigation techniques, and competition for the
optimum areas for viticulture.
• In polygon feature also only 27% of outputted locations
were crossed by the existing vineyards produced by this
analysis.
• A reason for the final outputted not crossing existing
vineyards or not located in close proximity, may be that
these are agricultural lands used already used for other
agricultural purposes, or there maybe other issues not
visible in this raster modeling process.
Limitation of model
•
I do not have expert knowledge in the viticulture field. Upon searching for data I
came across companies whose professional services are focused on using GIS for
developing vineyards with soil scientists on staff for conducting private soil surveys,
and also viticulture scientists for cutting edge wine growing techniques and
technologies. It is a well developed industry.
•
Coming across current data is difficult, for example land use data, and I can also
imagine that more vineyards have been developed since 1997.
•
Certain datasets are not available or are for purchase, such as climatic data for
regional wind data and regional temperatures.
Future Improvements
•
Conduct interviews with vineyard developers for more criteria parameters
and maybe more current datasets.
•
Research on using geostatistical techniques to obtain more precise results and
maybe obtain more relevant results.