Transcript Slide 1

Biology – 328
PLANTS AND PEOPLE
Lab 4 – Major Families I
Objective
 To familiarize you with vegetative and floral
morphology of 8 flowering families
Asteraceae
Apiaceae
Brassicaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Lamiaceae
Liliaceae
Rosaceae
Solanaceae
Asteraceae/Compositae – Sunflower family
 Flower - Head inflorescences (inflorescence consists of florets arranged on a common
receptacle)
 Florets are composed of a perianth (calyx + corolla), androecium, and gynoecium
 Pappus (calyx modified as bristles, awns, scales)
 Sympetalous (fused corolla)
 Phyllaries or involucral bracts- whorl of green bracts constituting involucre
 Synantherous - anthers (5 stamens) united into a tube, bicarpellate (2 carpels) with
one inferior ovary and a two-branched style.
 Florets may be
 Disk florets- actinomorphic (regular); bisexual; ray or ligulate florets, situated in the
center of a head
 Ray florets- zygomorphic (irregular); unisexual-pistillate; with a ligule
 Ligulate florets- zygomorphic (irregular); bisexual; with a ligule;
 Based on type of florets, a head inflorescence may be a
 Discoid head- disk florets only (e.g., Cirsium- thistle)
 Radiate head- disk florets in the center; ray florets around the margin (e.g.,
Helianthus- sunflower)
 Ligulate head- ligulate florets only (e.g., Pyrrhopappus- false dandelion)
Asteraceae/Compositae – Sunflower family
Apiaceae/Umbelliferae- Carrot and Parsley family
 Leaves - Dissected and very fine
 Flowers - Umbellate inflorescence (pedicel
arises from a common point)
 Fruits - Schizocarp (dry fruit that splits
at maturity into two or more closed, oneseeded parts)

Fruits posses aromatic oils
Apiaceae/Umbelliferae- Carrot and Parsley family
Brassicaceae/Cruciferae - Mustard family
 Flowers

Tetradynamous anthers – Out of six stamens, four are long
 Fruit



Silique – Made of 2 fused carpels that separate when ripe
Silicle – Smaller and shorter version of silique
Replum - The framework of some pods that remains after the
valves drop off
Brassicaceae/Cruciferae - Mustard family
Lamiaceae/Labiatae-Mint family
 Leaf – Opposite leaf arrangement
 Flower

Didynamous anthers - Out of four stamens, two are long
 Fruit – Cluster of 4 tiny nutlets
Lamiaceae/Labiatae-Mint family
Lilaceae – Onion family
Rosaceae – Rose family
 Flowers represent three subfamilies
Subfamily Ovary
Carpels
Fruit
Examples
Prunoideae
Superior
Simple
pistil
Drupe
cherries,
peaches, plums,
nectarines,
apricots,
pluots, almonds
Maloideae
Inferior
2-5
Pome
apples, pears,
quinces.
Rosoideae
Superior
Many simple Drupelet
pistil
/achene
rose hip,
blackberry or
raspberry
Rosaceae – Rose family
Solanaceae – Nightshade, tomato, and
pepper family
 Flower




Actinomorphic/regular
Connivent androecium (ends inclined toward each
other)
Poricidal dehiscence (pollen released though pores)
Wandering placenta (Tomato)
Solanaceae – Nightshade, tomato, and
pepper family
CUCURBITACEAE- Cucumber, melon, and
squash family
 Flower


Monoecious (male and female in separate flowers but
within the same plant)
Presence of nectary disks in both male and female
flowers
 Fruit


Pepo
Parietal placentation
Summary
Today’s Lab
 Familiarizing vegetative and floral morphology of
8 flowering families
Next week’s lab
 Quiz
 Field Trip: Mid-valley cotton gin