Transcript Slide 1

VI
The System of Environmental
Economic Accounting
The measurement framework for the environment and its
interactions with the economy.
Environment Statistics Training Workshop, Doha, 23-25 September 2012
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Outline
 What is the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
(SEEA)?
 How is it linked to Qatar’s policy questions and environment
statistics?
 Examples
 The SEEA Standard
 Example Water Accounts
 Conclusions and Recommendations
Environment Statistics Training Workshop, Doha, 23-25 September 2012
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What is the System of EnvironmentalEconomic Accounting (SEEA)?
 Satellite system of the System of National Accounts (2008
SNA)
 Brings together economic and environmental information in a
common framework to measure the contribution of the
environment to the economy and the impact of the economy on
the environment
 Provides policymakers with indicators and descriptive statistics
to monitor these interactions
 Provides an information system for strategic planning and policy
analysis to identify more sustainable paths of development
Environment Statistics Training Workshop, Doha, 23-25 September 2012
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Strengths of the accounting
approach
 Organised body of information facilitates integrated
economic-environmental analysis (complements
sustainable development indicators, modelling)
 Comprehensive and consistent, routinely produced
 Provides a system into which monetary valuations of
environmental costs can be incorporated
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Environmental-Economic Accounting and
Environment Statistics
Environment statistics:
Environmental accounts:
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Environmental-Economic Accounting and
Environment Statistics
Environment statistics:
Environmental accounts:
•
Often developed to answer one
particular question or problem
•
Help to make sense of the larger
picture
•
Difficult to figure out if all
information is included
•
•
Help to identify pieces that are
missing
Not always easy to see the whole
picture, or how it relates to other
things
Typically not integrated with
economic statistics
•
Can make connections to other
statistics, especially to economic
statistics
•
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Key concepts of SEEA
Stocks
Flows
Volume
(e.g. tonnes, m3)
Value
(e.g. $, £, ¥, €)
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Terminology
Terminology is not always consistent among economists,
environmental statisticians, scientists and policy makers
=> Need to use a clear, agreed terminology
One of the SEEA main contribution is the standardisation of
terms and definitions
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Audiences for information…
Indicators and Accounts
Data users
Headline indicators
Decision makers & wider public
Is there an issue?
Indicators
Yes
Advice
Research
Indicators on
specific subjects
or industries
Managers
SEEA
and analysts Analysis
Standard tables
Supplementary tables
Researchers
Data items
Information
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Information is vital
…and it needs to be integrated
 The economy impacts on the environment and the
environment impacts on the economy
 To understand these linkages we need to integrate
environmental and economic information
 This is the explicit purpose of the SEEA framework
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Using a standard is very important…
 Organising information within the SEEA framework
ensures
 Consistency (with existing standards eg SNA)
 Completeness (no gaps, or at least known gaps)
 Comparability (across time and space)
 Accountability (industry, governments, households)
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Green Growth
QNDS 2011 - 2016
State of Environment Reports
(UNEP-ROWA, Arab League)
Ecological Footprint
MDG Goals
Etc.
UNSD Environment
Questionnaire
.
Indicators
.
SNA
Analytical & monitoring
frameworks (DPSIR, MDG,
thematic or issue based
Accounting Systems
(SEEA)
.
Environment Statistics of Qatar
(Qatari Framework QFES)
Environmental data from different sources
(statistical and non-statistical)
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Example Water Use in Botswana
Index (1993 = 1.00)
1.30
GDP per m3 water
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
Volume of water
1.05
1.00
0.95
Per capita water use
0.90
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
Environment Statistics Training Workshop, Doha, 23-25 September 2012
1998/99
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Example Water Use in Botswana
Environmental-Economic Profile
60%
50%
Water use
40%
National income
Employment
30%
20%
10%
0%
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Example Qatar: DRAFT (!) pilot water accounts
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Example: Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
Objective:
 Assess the state of green growth in the Netherlands
 Benchmark for a more thorough and comprehensive
assessment of green growth in the future
Point of departure: OECD indicators
 Data availability
 Robustness of indicators
 Relevance for the Netherlands
 List of 20 relevant indicators
 Project was completed in only 2 months
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Example: Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
SEEA as a data source
Group
i
ii
iii
iv
Indicator
Production-based greenhouse gas intensity
Environmental Efficiency
Consumption-based greenhouse gas
emissions
Energy
efficiency
Renewable energy
Surpluses of nutrients
Material intensity
Water use intensity
Waste treatment
Stocks of standing timber
Natural asset base
Fish inputs
Natural gas reserves
Land conversion into built-up land
Threats to biodiversity
Environmental quality of life Pollution induced health problems
Green patents
Policy responses
Share of green taxes
Energy prices
Carbon trade
Environmental investments
Green jobs
Environmental
Environmental and energy
accounts
statistics
Other
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
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Example: Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
Development
of GDP and key figures
Index 1990=100
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
0
Domestic Product (gross, market prices, fixed price level)
Net energy use
Mineral reserves gas
Tap water use
Greenhouse gas emissions
Fine dust emissions
Heavy metals to water
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Example: Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
Results: Scores of the green growth indicators
i
ii
Trend
in Policy targets 1
greening growth
Group
Indicator
Time series
Environmental Efficiency
Production-based greenhouse gas intensity
1990-2009
Y
G
Consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions
1996; 2007
Y
-
Energy efficiency
1990-2009
Y
-
Renewable energy
1990-2009
G
R
Surpluses of nutrients
1990-2009
G
Y
Material intensity
1996-2008
Y
-
Water use intensity
1990-2009
G
-
Waste treatment
1985-2008
G
G
Stocks of standing timber
1990-2005
G
R
Fish inputs
1996-2008
R
-
Natural gas reserves
1990-2009
R
-
Land conversion into built-up land
1900-2006
-
-
Threats to biodiversity
1994-2005
R
R
Natural asset base
iii
Environmental quality of life
Pollution induced health problems
1980-2000
G
-
iv
Policy responses
Green patents
2000-2006
G
-
Share of green taxes
1990-2009
G
-
Energy prices
1990-2009
-
-
Carbon trade
2005-2009
-
-
Environmental investments
1990-2007
Y
-
Green jobs
1995-2008
G
-
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Example: Measuring green growth in the
Netherlands (2011)
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The SEEA Standard
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The SEEA central framework incorporates the
following types of accounts.
1. Flow accounts: supply and use tables for products, natural resources, ecosystem
inputs and residuals or wastes from economic activities.
– physical (e.g. GL of water) and/or monetary values
2. Asset accounts for environmental assets: natural resources, land and ecosystems.
– physical and/or monetary values
3. Activity / purpose accounts that explicitly identify environmental transactions
already existing in the SNA.
– e.g. Environmental Protection Expenditure (EPE) accounts
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SEEA Accounting Topics
 Physical Flow Accounts:
 Energy
 Water
 Materials: Air emissions, emissions to water, solid waste, economy
wide material flows
 Asset Accounts:






Mineral and energy resources
Land
Soil resources
Timber resources
Aquatic resources
Other biological resources
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SEEA Accounting Topics
 Environmental Activity Accounts:





Environmental Protection Expenditures
Environmental Goods and Services Sector
Accounts for resource management expenditures
Accounting for other transactions related to the environment
Water resources
+
 Combined physical and monetary presentations
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Typical policy questions
 What are the investments in water supply and sanitation services?
How are the costs being recovered?
 Are water resources being used sustainably? Who benefits in the
allocation of scarce water resources?
 What investments are made to reduce pollutant emissions?
 What is the mix of energy products used? Who are the users of
these products?
 What is the expected (and actual) impact of various policies on the
environment and on household and business expenditure?
 ….
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Example Water Accounts
1. Physical Supply Table
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Example Water Accounts
2. Physical Use Table
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Example Water Accounts
3. Physical Asset Table
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Example Water Accounts
4. Combined presentation for water data
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Example Water Accounts
5. Analysis and Indicators
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Example Asset Accounts for mineral and energy resources
Physical
Monetary
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Conclusions and Recommendations

SEEA is a standard for integration of environmental and economic
information

Integrating environmental and economic information is vital for informed,
sophisticated decision-making

SEEA is an internationally recognised standard explicitly designed for this
purpose

SEEA enables a wide range of issues to be studied, including sustainability,
well-being and green growth

For Qatar almost all modules are relevant for questions related to Green
Growth and Sustainability; timber accounts are probably not relevant

In relation to QNDS 2011-2016 the following type of accounts seems to have
priority for implementation: Water, emissions to water, air emissions,
energy, waste, environmental protection expenditures
Environment Statistics Training Workshop, Doha, 23-25 September 2012
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Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]
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