Transcript The Industrial Revolution

Age of Industry
• Four “I”s
– Ideas
– Industry
– Imperialism
– Independence
Part I:
Ideas and
Independence
Bellwork
• Are people naturally good or evil?
• What are rights? Do human
beings have natural rights?
• What are the pros and cons of
monarchy?
• What are the pros and cons of
democracy?
How to Make the Perfect Government
• What are the pros and cons of
monarchy?
Louis XIV
 DATE AND PLACE:
1600s, France
 IDEAL FORM OF
GOV.: Absolute
Monarchy, “I am the
state”
 REASONING: Divine
Right
 CAN THE PEOPLE BE
TRUSTED? They are
to obey.
http://www.duavantgarde.com/sitebuildercontent
/sitebuilderpictures/louis-xiv-of-france.jpg
• Absolute Monarchy
• The belief that the king gets his
power from God and answers
only to God
Thomas Hobbes
 DATE AND PLACE: 1600s,
England
 IDEAL FORM OF GOV.:Monarchy
 REASONING:governments are
created to protect people from
their own evil ways
 State of Nature: bad
 CAN THE PEOPLE BE
TRUSTED? NO way!!! “ . . .
Perpetual and restless desire [for]
power . . . That ceases only in
death.”
http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/poli/images/Thomas_Hobbes.jpg
Social Contract
• People give up rights to be
protected by the monarch/King
or Queen
• An agreement between ruler
and subject
John Locke
DATE AND
PLACE: 1600s,
England
English
philosophe
State of nature:
good
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Images/philosophy/john-locke.jpg
• Locke believed that
people have natural, God
given rights:
– Life
– Liberty
– property
• Social Contract
• Gov is an agreement
between people and ruler
– Gov protect citizen’s
RIGHTS
– People obey law
– If gov does NOT protect
citizen’s rights, it can be
overthrown!!!
Rousseau
 DATE AND PLACE:1700s, France
 IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Direct
Democracy
 State of nature: good
 REASONING:people should rule
themselves, and vote for every law.
Any law not ratified by the people is
“no law at all”
 Against divine right- thought the
power of the government comes
from the people!
 CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED?
Yes.
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/r/rousseau/jean_jacques/r864c/images/rousseau.jpg
Voltaire
• French philosophe
• Believed in freedom
of speech and
religion
• Was against the
slave trade
• Many of his books
were outlawed and
burned
http://www.google.com/images?q=voltaire&hl=en&safe=active&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&ei=vkOKTKOdOIS4sAOYkOmUBA&sa=N&start=20&ndsp=20
Consequences
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Latin American Revolutions
America:
The Great
Experiment
The Colonies Get Mad
• What events angered the
colonists?
• Stamp Act
• Sugar Act
• Boston Massacre
Declaration of
Independence
• “. . . They are endowed by their creator with certain
unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness.”
• What Enlightenment thinker did Jefferson borrow this
from?
http://www.constitution.org/img/trumbull_doi.jpg
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/uc06330.jpg
Thomas Jefferson
wrote the “Declaration
of Independence” and
it was passed July 4,
1776.
-This lead to the
Revolutionary War.
-Ideas have
CONSEQUENCES!!!
http://www.saratogaschools.org/academic/academic%20services/Grade4/Social%20Studies/Revolutionary%20War/Revolutionary_War.jpg
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION
I. The Old Regime
• Privileged Estates– First Estate- CLERGY
• Owned 10% of land
• Gave 2% to Gov.
– Second Estate- Rich
Nobles
• About 2% of population
• Owned 20% of land
• Payed almost no taxes
• The Third Estate- Everyone else
• Resented the upper estates
Disaster Looms
•
•
Causes:
Enlightenment Ideas
– Words like equality, liberty, democracy were being used in the third
estates
– American Revolution inspired many
•
Economic Woes
–
–
–
–
•
Heavy taxes weakened trade
1780s Famine doubled price of bread
King Louis XVI extravagant spending
Borrowed money to help Americans
Weak Leader
–
–
–
–
Louis XVI more interested in hunting than governing
Queen Marie Antoinette spent lavishly
Faced bankruptcy
Tried to tax the Second Estate- Uh-oh . . . They called for a meeting of
the ESTATES GENERAL with representatives from each of the three
estates to solve the problem
• Storming the Bastille
– Louis no longer trusted his soldiers. Called for Swiss
mercenaries.
– French citizens panicked
– The Bastille was a Paris prison.
– July 14, 1789- French citizens invaded and took
control of the Bastiile- this became a symbol of the
revolution
• Declaration of the Rights of Man
– Like our Bill of Rights- Drafted by the
National Assembly
– inspired by Enlightenment ideas and
Declaration of Independence.
– Equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom
of religion
• Maximilien Robespierre
– Wipe out every trace of monarchy and nobilitydecks of cards were even changed
– Changed calendar- more “scientific”
– Anti- Christian- No Sundays on the new calendarthey thought religion was dangerous
• Reign of Terror
– To “protect” the revolution
– Got ridiculous- former revolutionary leaders killed,
kid who chopped down a “liberty” tree was killed
– Up to 40,000 killed during this period
• July 1794- National Convention
had Robespierre guillotined.
“Down with the tyrant!”
CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILED
REVOLUTION
WHEN YOU COME IN:
• The French Revolution taught
many countries that . . .
• Democracy and Freedom are
dangerous. They lead to chaos!!!
Congress of Vienna
•
•
•
•
1814-1815
Attempt to restore stability
Protect monarchy
Holy Alliance: Russia, Austria,
Prussia- Stamp out revolutions
• Balance of power
Other Revolutions
• 1848 Revolutions
– Attempt to bring democratic freedoms
– Began in France
– Spread to everywhere but Britain (fairly
democratic already) and Russia (harsh
and stomped out rebels)
– Basically failed- Prussia and Austriaconstitutions
• Haiti- Chapter 25
• Latin America- Chapter 25