Transcript Slide 1

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
 Disease



Early Warning System
Communicable Diseases (CD) basic principles.
Major disease threats in emergencies
Surveillance/DEWOS
 Outbreak





Control
Preparedness
Detection
Confirmation
Response
Evaluation
Resource: The Johns hopkins and IFRC Public Health Guide for emergency
Q) What are these factors?
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Emergency medical and surgical care
Safe water and adequate sanitation/hygiene
Provision of safe food
Provision of shelter (site planning)
Immunization (measles = 1st priority, later restart
routine EPI)
Access to 1° & 2° health services (case management)
Disease surveillance/outbreak preparedness & control
Vector control
Environmental sanitation / waste disposal
Health education
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Hygienic disposal of human feces
Sufficient and safe water supply
Hand-washing with soap
Health promotion
Food safety
Adequate living space
Adequate shelter
Nutrition
Medical intervention
Handling dead bodies
Vector control
Q) What are these factors?
 Lack
of political commitments and funding
 Poor surveillance system
 Unskilled health care workers
 Inadequate or incomplete case Tx
 Over-reliance on preventive measures,
e.g., chlorination of water, immunization, etc..





Preparedness
Detection
Confirmation
Response
Evaluation
 Surveillance
System/DEWOS, in place.
 An outbreak response plan is written for
the disease-covering resource, skills and
activities required.
 Standard
treatment protocols
 Stockpiles of:




Essential treatment supplies
Essential Laboratory sampling kits
PPEs
Vaccine supplies
 Availability/security
established.
of cold chain are
Trained personnel
 Suppliers (ORS, vaccines, vitamin A, iv fluids
etc..
 Treatment facilities (location, beds available)
 Laboratory facilities
 Transport (source of emergency transport and
fuel, cold chain)
 Communication
 PCs
 If vaccination required;




AD syringes
Vaccination facilities
Cold chain equipments
 Surveillance/epidemic
thresholds
 Outbreak control /Rapid response team


Composition
TOR




Implementation of preparedness & response plan
Resource mobilization
Coordination
Information disimination
 Laboratory





conformation:
Collection of samples
Transportation of samples
Safe packaging
Tasting samples
Reporting/interpreting results
 Collection/analysis
of descriptive data and
development of hypothesis


Extent of the outbreak
Severity
 Follow-up


Active case finding
Contact traicing
 Further


of cases and contacts
investigation/epidemiological studies
Case-control/cohort studies
Environmental investigations
 Control




Prevention of exposure
Prevention of infection
Prevention of diseases
Prevention of death
 Patient
isolation
 Bio-hazardious materials
-safe disposal of body fluids is essential especially
in highly contagious diseases.
- Sharp objects disposal.
 Proper
diagnosis and effective mangment
 Cause
of the outbreak
 Surveillance and detection of an outbreak.
 Preparedness
 Management
 Control measures
 feedback
Thanks