Transcript MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY

DEFINITION: MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY IS THE
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF
THE SCIENTIFIC BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE PRODUCED BY
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH.

WHEN GROWTH IN
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS
DEPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE
OF IMPROVING MEDICAL
CARE, IT LEADS TO:
 ADVANCED
TECHNIQUES
FOR A MORE PRECISE
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
THAN WHAT HAD BEEN
POSSIBLE EARLIER,
 MORE
EFFECTIVE AND
LESS INVASIVE
THERAPEUTIC AND
PREVENTIVE MEDICAL
PROCEDURES;
 MORE
ADVANCED
EQUIPMENT,
 MORE
ADVANCED CARE
DELIVERY SETTINGS AND
PROGRAMS TO
FACILITATE THE
DELIVERY OF HEALTH
SERVICES.

TYPES OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGIES

DIAGNOSTIC:

CAT SCANNER

FETAL MONITOR

COMPUTERIZED
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
AUTOMATED CLINICAL
LABORATORIES MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

AMBULATORY BLOOD
PRESSURE MONITOR

SURVIVAL (LIFE SAVING):
INTENSIVE
(ICU)
CARE UNIT
CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
BONE
MARROW
TRANSPLANT
LIVER
TRANSPLANT
AUTOLOGOUS
BONE
MARROW TRANSPLANT

ILLNESS MANAGEMENT:
RENAL
DIALYSIS
PACEMAKER
PTCA
(ANGIOPLASTY)
STEREOTACTIC
CINGULOTOMY
HIP
JOINT REPLACEMENT
ORGAN
TRANSPLANT
LITHOTRIPTER

PREVENTION:
IMPLANTABLE
AUTOMATIC
CARDIOVERTERDEFIBRILATOR
Artificial Heart
Infusion Pump
MRI SCAN OF THE BRAIN
ARTIFICIAL HIP
PROSTHETICS

FACILITIES AND CLINICAL
SETTINGS:

HOSPITALS

SATELLITE CENTERS
CLINICAL
LABORATORIES
SUBACUTE
MODERN
CARE UNITS
HOME HEALTH

ORGANIZATIONAL DELIVERY
STRUCTURE:
MANAGED
CARE
INTEGRATED
NETWORKS
DELIVERY

PROTON BEAM FACILITY

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SHANDS HEALTHCARE,
JACKSONVILLE
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA

IN FISCAL YEAR 19992000 THE STATE OF
FLORIDA FUNDED
$6,000,000 TO SUPPORT
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
PROTON BEAM FACILITY
IN JACKSONVILLE.
Proton Beam Generator


THE ESTIMATED COST OF
BUILDING A PROTON
BEAM FACILITY IS
$104,000,000 TO BE
EXPENDED OVER THE
NEXT THREE YEARS.
IT IS NOW OPERATIONAL
IN JACKSONVILLE.
No, its not Stargate

BASED ON THE
INCIDENCES OF NEW
CASES OF CANCER YEARLY
IN FLORIDA ALONE, THE
FACILITY WOULD EXPECT
TO TREAT 2,500 – 2,800
NEW PATIENTS BY THE
END OF THE 5TH YEAR OF
OPERATION.
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
WHAT IS PROTON CANCER
TREATMENT?

PROTON BEAM THERAPY
IS AN INNOVATIVE
CONCEPT IN THE FIELD
OF CANCER THERAPY AND
DIFFERS GREATLY FROM
TODAY’S CONVENTIONAL
THERAPIES.

CONVENTIONAL CANCER
RADIATION TREATMENT
UTILIZES X-RAYS AND
ELECTRON BEAMS THAT
LOSE MOST OF THEIR
ENERGY AS THEY TRAVEL
THROUGH HEALTHY BODY
TISSUE.

THE HEALTHY TISSUE IS
FREQUENTLY DAMAGED
LEADING TO SERIOUS
SIDE EFFECTS.

PROTON ENERGY,
HOWEVER, CAN PRODUCE
A UNIFORM RADIATION
DOSE THAT CAN BE
DELIVERED TO DESTROY
THE TUMOR WHILE
EFFECTING VIRTUALLY NO
INJURY TO NEARBY
HEALTHY TISSUE.

IMPROVED RESULTS FOR
PATIENTS

MORE THAN 20,000
PATIENTS HAVE RECEIVED
PROTON BEAM
TREATMENT IN RESEARCH
INSTITUTIONS AROUND
THE WORLD. RESULTS
ACHIEVED WITH
DIFFICULT TO TREAT
TUMORS SHOW THE
BENEFIT OF PROTON
IRRADIATION.

The Trilogy Machine

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The Trilogy linear accelerator
can treat cancer anywhere in
the body.
Quite simply, it targets
tumors more precisely,
delivers a high dose of
radiation and requires fewer
treatment sessions.
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What makes it special?
Flexibility – treatment can be
customized to target many
different types of cancers, in
many locations.
Accuracy – Radiation beams
match the three-dimension
shape of the tumor with a high
degree of accuracy.

Higher Doses – Radiation goes
only to the cancer cells
sparing the health cells
surrounding the tumor site.

Fewer sessions

Fewer side effects

On board imager (OBI) helps
synchronize treatment with
the patient’s breathing cycles.
Targets tumor more precisely,
while sparing health tissue.
Gamma Knife

Gamma Knife surgery is a minimally
invasive alternative to conventional
brain surgery. Considered the
"gold standard" of radiosurgery
technologies, this revolutionary
surgical procedure allows safe and
effective treatment for many
types of intracranial tumors and
vascular malformations. In fact,
the Gamma Knife can often treat
conditions once considered
inoperable.

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Gamma Knife is safe – no
incision.
Precise – targets exact area.
Cost Effective – covered by
Medicare and most insurance
companies
Relative pain free
Successful
Da Vinci Robot

http://www.floridaproton.org/can
cer-treatment/proton-therapyvideo.html
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End of presentation for
September 19th , 2012, 6th
Period

Questions?

Discussion?
TELEMEDICINE
AND
TELEHEALTH

Telemedicine is the use of
electronic communications and
information technologies to
provide services when
participants are at different
locations.


Closely associated with
telemedicine is the term
telehealth.
Telehealth is the umbrella
term used to describe the
ways service is delivered.

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Telehealth encompasses a broader
application of technologies to:
Distance education
Consumer oureach
Videoconferencing
Remote monitoring of vital signs
Continuing medical education
Nursing calls
Medical specialties more likely
to be engaged in telehealth
Radiology
Dermatology
Cardiology
pathology

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Telemedicine does not
represent a separate medical
specialty.
It extends the traditional
practice of medicine.
It encourages greater
consumer involvement in
decision making.

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Types of Services
Specialist referral – involves a
specialist assisting a general
practitioner in rendering a
diagnosis.
Involves diagnostic images or
video for viewing later.

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Types of Services
Direct Patient Care – The
sharing of audio, video and
medical data between a
patient and health
professional for use in a
diagnosis, treatment plan,
prescription, or advice.
Remote clinic…at
home..physician’s office

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
Types of Services
Remote patient monitoring: uses
devices to remotely collect and
send data to a monitoring station
for interpretation.
Home health applications may
include a specific vital sign such as
blood pressure.

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Types of Services
Medical education and
mentoring

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Types of Services
Consumer medical and health
information

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Delivery Mechanisms
Networked programs link
tertiary care hospitals and
clinics with outlying or remote
centers. Estimated there are
about 200 existing networks.
Point-to-point connections



Delivery Mechanisms
Health provider to home
connections – accomplished
through phone line with
interactive capabilities.
Direct patient care – to
monitor pacemaker and
cardiac devices (example)


Delivery Mechanisms
Web-based e-health patient
service sites such as “web
MD.”
http://www.webmd.com/

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Federal Funding for
Telemedicine
Grants and contracts:
estimated about
$270,000,000 with one third
for research contracts with
the U.S. Department of
Defense.
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Federal Funding
Direct Services: Major
users…Department of Defense,
Indian Health Service, and Bureau
of Prisons in the Department of
Justice.
Medicare: 10% of population is
covered by Medicare and use 25%
of the medical services. Largest
use in teleradiology.
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Advantages of Telemedicine
Make speciality care more
available to underserved rural
and urban populations
Alleviate cost and
inconvenience of travel
Opportunities for In-service
education
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Barriers to Telemedicine
States will not allow outstate-physicians to practice
unless licensed in their state.
Issue of reimbursement
Fear of malpractice
Inadequate technology
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Telehealth or Telemedicine?
Telehealth is generally used as an
umbrella term to describe the various
ways to use technology to aid the health
care professional
Telemedicine describes the direct
provision of clinical via
telecommunications.
But wait…as time advances, so will the
advent of new things and new terms.
Telehealth


MILESTONES IN THE
EVOLUTION OF
TECHNOLOGY
FIRST MILESTONE – THE
TELEPHONE

NEBRASKA PSYCHIATRIC
INSTITUTE (EARLY 1960’S)
– IMPLEMENTATION
OF AUDIOVISUAL
TECHNOLOGY

LOGAN AIRPORT
TELEDERMATOLOGY
PROJECT (LATE 60’S) –
INTERACTIVE, CLOSEDCIRICUIT BLACK/WHITE
TELEVISION.

NASA USED TELEHEALTH
TO MONITOR
ASTRONAUTS IN SPACE
AND PROVIDE EMERGENT
CARE AS NECESSARY.

USED AT ANARTIC SURVEY
STATIONS BECAUSE THEY
WERE UNABLE TO EASILY
EVACUATE SICK
PERSONNEL.
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POTENTIAL BENEFITS:
EXPAND ACCESS TO HEALTH
CARE AND REHABILITATION
SERVICES
IMPROVE QUALITY OF CARE
MORE FREQUENT
VISITATIONS
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PROVIDE MORE ACCESS TO
THOSE IN RURAL AREAS
CONVENIENCE FOR BOTH
PATIENT AND PROVIDER
VAST NUMBER OF
EXPANDED SERVICES
PROVIDED
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PLETHORA OF HEALTH CARE
INFORMATION
WORLDWIDE DATABASES
LIBRARIES
CONFERENCES
RECORDS
SUPPORT COMMUNITIES
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ENCOURAGE PATIENTS TO
BECOME ACTIVE IN THEIR
HEALTH CARE
ALLOWS PHYSICIANS TO
WORK COLLABORATIVELY
WITH THEIR COLLEAGUES
FROM DISTANT
LOCATIONS.

PHYSICIANS CAN DISCUSS
NEW AND LATEST
ADVANCES IN CARE, SEEK
OPINIONS, CONDUCT
RESEARCH, ETC.
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PRIMARY CARE ON-LINE
SERVICES
SCHEDULING APPOINTMENTS
E-MAIL PHYSICIAN –
ALLEVIATES PHONE TAG,
CONVENIENT, QUICK
PRESCRIPTIONS, AS WELL AS
THE CAPACITY TO DOUBLECHECK FOR ACCURACY
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PURCHASE OF MEDICAL
PRODUCTS
LEAVES ROOM TO ASK
PHYSICIAN QUICK
QUESTIONS THAT DO NOT
WARRANT A VISIT
PATIENT MAY HAVE ACCESS
TO MEDICAL RECORDS
PATIENT CAN INPUT
PERSONAL MEDICAL DATA,
I.E., BLOOD SUGARS, BLOOD
PRESSURE, ETC.

RAMPANT, CONTINUOUS,
AND GROWING USE OF
TELEHEALTH
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
SHORTCOMINGS OF
TELEHEALTH
PRIVACY OF PATIENT
INFORMATION IS
QUESTIONED
HIGH COST OF
TECHNOLOGY
DUE TO IMMENSE AMOUNT
OF INFORMATION CREDITABILITY OF

POTENTIAL ABUSE

SINCE THE USE OF THE
INTERNET FOR
ACCESSING HEALTH
INFORMATION IS NEW,
THERE EXISTS LITTLE IN
THE WAY OF SAFEGUARDS
FOR CONSUMERS.

CONSUMERS SHOULD
MAKE SURE THAT WEB
SITES USED TO OBTAIN
INFORMATION ABOUT
HEALTH AND MEDICINE
ARE PROVIDED BY A
RELIABLE AND CREDIBLE
SOURCE.

IN SOME CASES
COMMERCIAL INTERESTS
SUCH AS A DRUG
MANUFACTURER MAY
SPONSOR OR CONTRIBUTE
INFORMATION TO THE WEB
SITE. CONSUMERS SHOULD
LOOK FOR ASSURANCES
THAT THE INFORMATION
PROVIDED IN THESE CASES
IS OBJECTIVE AND DOES
NOT FAVOR THE SPONSOR’S
PRODUCTS.

AT THIS TIME CONSUMERS
SHOULD EXERCISE CAUTION
IN USING WEB SITES THAT
OFFER ONLINE DIAGNOSIS
AND PRESCRIBE TREATMENT
AND MEDICATION FOR THE
DIAGNOSED CONDITION.
THERE ARE CURRENTLY NO
RECOGNIZED AUTHORITIES
OVERSEEING THE
OPERATION OF THESE
SITES.

CONSUMERS ARE
CAUTIONED AGAIN
OBTAINING PRESCRIBED
MEDICINES FROM WEB
SITES THAT OFFER BOTH
DIAGNOSIS OF
CONDITION AND DIRECT
SALES OF THE
PRESCRIBED MEDICINE.

CONSUMERS SEEKING MEDICAL
TREATMENT FROM HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS OVER THE
INTERNET SHOULD RECEIVE
CLEAR ASSURANCES THAT
THEY WILL BE INTERACTING
WITH A QUALIFIED
PROFESSIONAL HOLDING THE
APPROPRIATE CREDENTIALS
AND THAT THE PROFESSIONAL
IS ABLE TO LEGALLY PRACTICE
MEDICINE IN THE CONSUMERS
LOCATION.

CLINICAL CONSULTATION
OVER THE WEB BY
CREDENTIALED PROVIDERS
SHOULD INCLUDE
PROCEDURES THAT
PROTECT THE PATIENT
INCLUDING:


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INFORMED CONSENT
INFORMATION SECURITY
AND PRIVACY
PROTECTION MEASURES
DOCUMENTATION OF THE
CLINICAL ENCOUNTER

CYBERCHONDRIA

A MAJOR DRIVER OF
HEALTH CARE WILL BE A
SPECIAL FORM OF
ELECTRONIC COMMUNITY:
THAT OF
CYBERCHRONDRIACS, PEOPLE
WHO USE THE INTERNET
TO SEEK HEALTH CARE
INFORMATION.

THE CYBERCHONDRIACS
USING THE WEB TO SEARCH
FOR HEALTH CARE
INFORMATION THEREFORE
ACCOUNT FOR 68 PERCENT
OR SIXTY MILLION ADULTS,
A STAGGERING NUMBER.

AS THE INTERNET
CONTINUES TO GROW, WE
ARE ALL LIKE TO BECOME
CYBERCHRONDRIACS TO
SOME DEGREE, FOREVER
CHANGING THE WAY WE
ACCESS MEDICAL CARE.

END OF LECTURE FOR
September 19th , 2012, 7th
Period

QUESTIONS?

DISCUSSION?