Transcript Napoleon I

Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
Napoleon’s Family Rules!
Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia.
Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain
Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland
Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy
Napoléon Francis Joseph
Charles (son) King of
Rome
e Elisa Bonaparte  Grand
Duchess of Tuscany
e Caroline Bonaparte  Queen
of Naples
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T he “Big Blunder” -- Russia
a The retreat from Spain came
on the heels of Napoleon’s
disastrous Russian Campaign
(1812-1813).
a In July, 1812 Napoleon led his
Grand Armee of 614,000 men
eastward across central Europe
and into Russia.

The Russians avoided a direct
confrontation with Napoleon.

They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the
interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would
act as “support” for the Russian cause].

The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their
crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from
their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
a September 14, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow,
but the city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
Napoleon’s Retreat
from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
T he 6th Coalition
1813-1814: France 
Napoléon’s
Defeat
 Britain, Russia.
Spain, Portugal,
Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller
German states
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig
(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations”
Memorial
Napoleon Abdicates!
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his
son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional
surrender.
e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to
Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000
francs.
e The royalists took control and restored
Louis XVIII to the throne.
“T he War of the 7th Coalition”
1815: France 
Napoleon’s
“100 Days”
 Britain, Russia.
Prussia, Austria,
Sweden, smaller
German states
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on
March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the
Austrians.
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Duke
of
Wellington
Prussian
General
Blücher
W hat is
Napoleon’s
Legacy?
Europe in 1812
Main Objectives
e It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon
had done:
V Reduce France to its old boundaries  her
frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
V Restore as many of the old monarchies as
possible that had lost their thrones during
the Napoléonic era.
e Supported the resolution: There is always an
alternative to conflict.
Key Players
at Vienna
Foreign Minister,
Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I
(Rus.)
The “Host”
Prince Klemens von
Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick
William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles
Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)
Key Principles Established
at Vienna
V Balance of Power
V Legitimacy
V Compensation
e Coalition forces would occupy France for
3-5 years.
e France would have to pay an indemnity of
700,000,000 francs.
Changes Made at Vienna (1)
V France was deprived of all
territory conquered by Napoléon.
V Russia was given most of Duchy
of Warsaw (Poland).
V Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of
Poland, and other German territories.
V A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states
(including Prussia) was created from the
previous 300, under Austrian rule.
V Austria was given back territory it had lost
recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
V The House of Orange was given the Dutch
Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.
T he Germanic Confederation, 1815
Changes Made at Vienna (2)
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Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and
various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and
Genoa.
The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the
Two Sicilies.
The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
The slave trade was condemned (at British
urging).
Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many
rivers.
Europe A fter the Congress of
Vienna
W hat was the
legacy of the
Congress of
Vienna?