Transcript Sources d’information

DATA and
STATISTICS
… at your service!
S.Mowers
& the GSG team
©2009, University of Ottawa
Outline
Introduction
– Data and statistics (quantitative information)
– Sources of quantitative information
– How to cite Statistics Canada Products
Surveys
– Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Surveys ?
– Canadian Community Health Survey and other health and
related surveys
Access to related Health Statistics
- Various sources …
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INTRODUCTION
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Type of Data, 1
Administrative and Registry Data
– For example,
• hospitals: care, (e.g., admittances, duration of stays),
disease…
• health centres: services, disease
– And includes vital statistics (births, deaths, marriages, …)
– WHO was the first person to collect hospital administrative
data?
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Florence Nightingale
– During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale collected data
on sanitation practices and hospital mortality rates, and later
she created the Model Hospital Statistical Form.
– She was named a fellow to the Royal Statistical Society in
1858 …
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Type of Data, 2
Survey Data
(including household surveys, e.g., through Statistics Canada)
100%
– The Census of Population (every five years)
Population Samples
– The Canadian Community Health Survey
– The National Population Health Survey etc. etc.
• The academic community has data access through the Data
Liberation Initiative with Statistics Canada, (contact Susan), and
to CIHI data by individual request, (Web site to follow).
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Quantitative Information:
WHAT DOES IT COVER?
Clearly defined measured information for:
Behaviour, health, demography, beliefs, community and
political affiliations, …
• e.g., smoking frequency, illness, age, births, ethnic
background, social belonging, beliefs, e.g., of safety,
political, perception of wellness
• In health terms, these can be referred to as health status
indicators and health determinants
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Quantitative information, looking at
POPULATIONS…
For defined populations, the quantitative information
– Is representative of the Canadian population – i.e., populations (samples)…
• of significant size,
• of representative demographic breakdowns, and
• of representative geographic areas
– Comes with documentation of the sampling or observation methodology
– Responding or observed individual
= One observation OR
= Respondent x OR
= Case x
In the data
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the Census (100% survey)
From your mailbox:
… to coffee break talk
May 16, 2006
September 13, 2007,
Married people now in the minority;
For the first time in Canada, most
adults are not legally wed, census
shows…more people are choosing
common law over marriage.
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From Data to Statistics
Raw coded data (confidential)
Anonymized data (PUMF)
000031214110011982001212222221002098200121222
222401121111241112121112205020197111971021212
222225211026121204300140955720411313022111999
901978787879702221411271412400315000616611232
222222221111172626162212222666666636212000
Person / Observation 1
000041100110011101102122222221002009200212222
222021111111231212111211208120193811938044122
222221111052201203901007504721031191012233520
406058787870304221303420708300400001420007111
222122211721575656565555555666666656565000
Person 2
Summarized/aggregate data
Statistics
(Statistics)
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From Data to Statistics
Raw coded data (confidential)
Anonymized data (PUMF)
000031214110011982001212222221002098200121222
222401121111241112121112205020197111971021212
222225211026121204300140955720411313022111999
901978787879702221411271412400315000616611232
222222221111172626162212222666666636212000
COOL
RDC
Person 2
Person 1
000041100110011101102122222221002009200212222
222021111111231212111211208120193811938044122
222221111052201203901007504721031191012233520
406058787870304221303420708300400001420007111
222122211721575656565555555666666656565000
Statistics
Data
Liberation
Initiatve
Summarized/aggregate data (Statistics)
Public
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In other words, Statistics come from…
Person 1…2
…DATA
Data are processed
to become Statistics
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Statistics in the Popular Press …
August 02, 2007
OFFICIAL SOURCE GIVEN in article
Obesity has spread across North
America over the last couple of
generations like a virus…
from 1979 to 2004, the prevalence of
obesity in Canadian adults went from
14 per cent to 23 per cent.
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On the Web from an Official Source
The Daily, Statistics Canada,
Canadian Community
Health Survey
Obesity among children
and adults, 2004
•
Obesity rates among
children and adults
have increased
substantially during the
past 25 years,
according to new
results from the
Canadian Community
Health Survey (CCHS),
which directly
measured the height
and weight of
respondents…
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July 6, 2007
Assessing Statistical Sources
• Who is collecting the data?
– What is their reputation for accuracy and objectivity ?
• Can you review their data and methodology?
Does the provider make the informaton available?
• Who is the sponsor of the data collection?
– What is their agenda?
• E.g., the National Rifle Association or a toothpaste manufacturer have defined
agendas
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Statistics in (peer-reviewed) Research
Literature
John Cairney, Neal Krause. The Social Distribution of Psychological Distress
and Depression in Older Adults
Method: Secondary data analysis of the 1994 National Population Health Survey
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.
Official Statistical Agencies
 Governments and international agencies produce a lot of statistics
 Most governments have an official agency to carry surveys, gather
data (e.g., from the provinces, analyse data, develop statistical
products and publish their results
 E.g.:
– Statistics Canada
– U.S. Census Bureau
– Office for National Statistics (UK)
• The University of Ottawa is a member of the Data Liberation
Initiative – DLI between the Library and Statistics Canada
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OFFICIAL STATISTICAL SOURCES
Major Government Departments and Agencies
Publishing Studies and Information on Health*
•
Health Canada…
•
Public Health Agency of Canada
•
Statistics Canada …– Analytical Studies
•
Canadian Institute for Health Information
•
Provincial/Territorial Ministries of Health
•
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
•
Pan American Health Organization
•
World Health Organization
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*page thanks to T. Rokolj, U.Ottawa librarian, GSG
So, statistics can be presented in many
ways, as…
and …
a table of numbers,
a few numbers in a newspaper article etc,
a graph, *
*see Graph types
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… AS A MAP
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How to Cite Statistics Canada products
Main Web page
http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/12-591XIE2006001.htm
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Part II:
SURVEYS
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Survey Datasets
Browse the DLI survey collection on the Web
including questionnaires, abstracts and data codebooks for the PublicUse Microdata Files (PUMFs)
Available DLI surveys (Browse)
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And more about
•
Get data
on …
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?pid=14807&sid=99466
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Longitudinal and cross-sectional
surveys…?
• Longitudinal surveys
– Longitudinal surveys follow the same panel of respondents over time,
allowing the researcher to follow many health factors whether changes to
health, or health determinants such as smoking …
• National Population Health Survey (Statistics Canada) and others
including the..
• National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (Statistics Canada)
• Cross-sectional surveys
– Surveys of a sample at ONE given point in time
– Most Statistics Canada surveys, including the Census and Post-censal
surveys, are cross-sectional surveys
– DLI gives access to surveys as cross-sectional files, including some crosssectional files from longitudinal surveys
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Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)
1. Largest health survey in Canada, Over 131,000 respondents from
more than approximately 140 health regions (from 2001-Current).
Cross-sectional survey.
2. Very detailed data on health status and health system (e.g.,
access/use), and correlates of health including economic, social,
occupational, demographic and environmental indicators;
3. Statistics Canada publishes extensive CCHS statistics in various
products including Health Indicators, a database of statistical tables
(to be demonstrated);
4. Special CCHS topics now all included in one survey (issued every 2
years)
2002 (cycle 1.2): Mental Health and Well-Being, 2004 (cycle 2.2): Nutrition…
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Canadian survey data are available through
all six points of access, from the basics, to
detailed,
for example, health surveys:
Summary Tables (Web Statistics)
Confidential Data (COOL RDC)
Health Indicators &
Health Reports (DSP/Web)
CCHS/NPHS
Surveys
Confidential Data (Remote)
PUMF (DLI)
PUMF (Custom Tabulations)
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And hundreds of potentially relevant surveys
•
General Social Surveys
annual topics, aging, social support, health (1985 and 1991) etc
•
2001 Post-censal Surveys (every 10 years)
Aboriginal People’s Survey 2001
•
Includes health topics
Participation and Activity Limitation Survey 2001
•
Disabilities
Ethnic Diversity Survey 2001
•
Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS)
–
Tracks changes in smoking status, especially for populations most at risk, such as the 15 to 24 year olds.
•
National Population Health Survey (NPHS), 1994/95-Current - longitudinal
•
National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY/Kids survey)
•
And many more, including other countries’ surveys and international surveys
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Part III:
ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS
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Note
Ask:
Who collected and who sponsored the data collection?
Can you identify how the data sources were collected and what and how the
data was being measured?
Official, sector/trade, academic and popular sources
have differing levels of authority
… further supported or refuted by the answers to the questions above
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ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS - 1
These statistics covers both survey and administrative data
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ACCESS to HEALTH STATISTICS
StatCan Web site :
- the Web site many access points ! THEREFORE WE HAVE A
SUBJECT GUIDE for HEALTH STATISTICS
- some public and some restricted sources on the site
- we will start with the simple sources providing just a few general
numbers, to detailed statistical tables and sources of statistical
commentary and analysis
Others :
- Search CANSIM (via E-STAT) restricted (DLI/DSP) from Statistics
Canada
- Health Canada (public health) summaries of mostly administrative
public health data
… and don’t forget academic sources
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Strategies for finding health stats
(1) Look for a few numbers
–
the subject guide: Health Statistics (three examples)
(2) Look for more detailed statistical tables
–
–
–
–
Find Statistics By subject (Statistics Canada)
Health Indicators (advanced statistical tables)
Search CANSIM (advanced statistical tables)
A Profile of Disability in Canada
(3) Cross-tabulate health determinants and health outcomes
–
book a demo with Susan
(4) Search for more detailed statistical commentary and analysis, will
include statistical tables
–
General comments and GSG reference services
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Overview – what’s where on Public
Web sites
•
Look for a few numbers
– Summary tables (Statistics Canada)
– The Daily (Statistics Canada)
– Health in Canada (Statistics Canada) including Health
Profile
•
Look for more detailed statistical tables
– Find Statistics By subject (Statistics Canada)
– Health Indicators (Health Canada and Statistics Canada sources)
– Search CANSIM via E-STAT (Health Canada and Statistics
Canada sources)
– Health Surveillance (Health Canada)
•
Further search for more detailed statistical commentary and analysis, will include statistical
tables
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Strategy 1
LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT
NUMBERS
(a) Health Summary Tables
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Get Health Statistical Tables
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963
Starting with Getting a Few Numbers …
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a) Select Health Summary tables
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963
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Major Health Summary Tables
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All Statistics Canada Summary tables
http://www40.statcan.ca/z01/cs0002-eng.htm
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#2, Search (e.g., “smokers”) … OR …
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#3 Browse Health subheadings…
one subject, “smoking”, can have 2 aspects
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#4, Select table …
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Strategy 1 continued …
LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT
NUMBERS
(b) The Daily
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a) Select The Daily
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963
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#5, View table in full
This table only displays to Ont., click on a province after
Ont. to display 2nd table
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Strategy 1
LOOK FOR A FEW CURRENT
NUMBERS
(b) The Daily
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Strategy 1 …
SEARCH FOR A FEW NUMBERS IN
(b) The Daily
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Search The Daily … for synopses
1995 to today
http://www.statcan.ca/english/dai-quo/
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A few numbers and commentary…
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Strategy 1
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(c) Health in Canada
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Health in Canada
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Health Profile !
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Strategy 2
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(c) Find Statistics By subject
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Statistics by Subject page
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subject-sujet/index.action?&lang=eng
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Here are some relevant health-related
subjects to consider …
(Births and deaths)
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EXPLORE Statistics by Subject pages …
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EXPLORE STATISTICAL TABLES
e.g., preview of CANSIM tables of interest …
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Description of table
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EXPLORE STATISTICAL TABLES
e.g., preview sample download page …
($$$ INSTEAD use a free version later to access this
CANSIM table)
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Finish previewing and save your sources, or
in case of CANSIM table, note down your
Table number, e.g., 105-0112
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Strategy 2
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(b) Health Indicators
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Library Population Health Statistics page
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964
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#1, View
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#2, Data tables and maps
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#3 Index to tables page
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Strategy 2
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(c) Search CANSIM via E-STAT
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Library Population Health Statistics page
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/aecontent.php?pid=16752&sid=112964
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#1, Connect now…
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Off campus access to E-Stat
1. Enter your library access account user name
•
Your user name is the prefix of your uottawa.ca e-mail account,
e.g., bsmi072 for [email protected]
2. Enter your password
•
The password is the following format: YYMMDD?? where ??
represents the two last numbers of your social insurance
number and YYMMDD represents your date of birth.
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#2, Search CANSIM
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#3, Many access options, see CANSIM by survey
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“CANSIM by survey”, sort alphabetically…
…example of rich content
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#4, Search by table number
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#5 Select your items working down the
screen
DEMO
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#6, sample results
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For researchers particularly interested in
details of CANSIM tables
…
download Beyond 20/20 optional but
recommended
Click here
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Strategy 2
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(d) [Public] Health Surveillance
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Public Health Surveillance
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963
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Example, Disease Surveillance Online
breakdowns by : age, sex, provinces, time
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Strategy 2
LOOK FOR MORE
DETAILED STATISTICAL TABLES
(e) A Profile of Disability in Canada 2001
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Get Statistical Tables on Disabilities
http://uottawa.ca.libguides.com/content.php?mode=preview&pid=16752&sid=112963
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Strategy 3:
Further search for more detailed statistical
commentary and analysis
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Use your power searching everwhere!
For example, on StatCan’s search (Advanced Search) feature…
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/search-recherche/adv-ava-eng.htm
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For Statistics Canada publications
(commentary and analysis) or more generally
…
Further browsing
Index of downloadable Statistics Canada
publications
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research assistance at your service!
Appointments welcomed
Susan Mowers and GSG Team
Morisset Library
3rd Floor
[email protected]
613-562-5800
Extension 3634
AND THANK YOU!
Professor E. Diem