Transcript PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

We’ll use
your plans,
Diana.
This is Diana. She had a meeting
yesterday.
This is Diana and this is Alison. Today
Diana met Alison.
Alison asked her what they had sad. Diana
told her that they would use her plans.
We’ll use your
plans, Diana.
These are the exact words the
manager said.(direct speech)
Diana told her that they would use her
plans.
These aren’t the speaker’s exact
words, but the exact meaning of what
he said. (reported speech)
a) ‘I’m hungry,’ Tom said
b) Tom said (that) he was hungry.
Which sentence is in direct speech?
Which sentence is in reported speech?
We use quotation marks in direct
speech, but we don’t use quotation
marks in reported speech.
Introductory verbs
Lisa said, ‘I have finished my work’.
Lisa said to me, ‘I have finished my work.’
Lisa said (that) she had finished her work.
Do we use the verb ‘say’ both in direct and
reported speech?
We use the verb ‘say’ both in direct and
reported speech without the preposition
‘to’ when it isn’t followed by the person
being spoken to.
Introductory verbs
Lisa told me, ‘I have finished my work’.
Lisa told me (that) she had finished her work.
Do we know who Lisa spoke to?
Do we use the verb ‘tell’ both in direct and reported
speech?
We use the verb ‘tell’ both in direct and
reported speech when it is followed by
the person being spoken to. The verb
‘tell’ can never be followed by the
preposition ‘to’.
We use ‘say’ or ‘tell’ in certain
expressions.
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say
good morning
good afternoon
something
one’s prayers
so
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tell
the truth
a lie
a secret
a story
the time
the difference
sb one’s name
sb the way
one from another
I’m having
a great
time.
I’really like
their new
house.
‘The hot dogs are
delicious. You’re a
great cook.’
Reported Statements
Laura told Jim that the hot dogs were delicious
and that he was a great cook. Ed told Celia that
he was having a great time and that he really
liked their new house.
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Verb Tenses
Direct speech
Reported speech
Present Simple
• Past Simple
Present Continuous • Past Continuous
Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
Past Simple
• Past Perfect
Future (will)
• Conditional (would)
can
• could
‘We’re having a meeting tomorrow,’
Alex said.
Alex said that they were having a
meeting the following day.
Certain words and time
expressions change in reported
speech.
Time expressions
Direct speech Reported speech
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tonight
•
today
•
this week
•
now
•
yesterday
•
last night
•
tomorrow
•
next week
•
two days ago •
that night
that day
that week
then, at that time
the day before/the previous day
the previous night
the day after
the following week/the next week
two days before
He says, ‘I’ll do the shopping.’
He says (that) he will do the shopping.
Have the tenses changed in the reported
speech?
When the introductory verb is in the
present, future or present perfect
simple, there are no changes in the
verb tenses in reported speech.
‘It never snows in the Sahara,’ said the
teacher.
The teacher said that it never snows in
the Sahara.
Is it always true that it never snows in the
Sahara?
Do the tenses change in reported speech?
When the sentence in direct speech
expresses something which is
always true the verb tenses do not
change in reported speech.
‘He was reading his newspaper while I
was watching TV’ , Ruth said.
Ruth said that he was reading his
newspaper while she was watching TV.
‘I had finished cooking by six o’clock,’
she said.
She said (that) she had finished cooking
by six o’clock.
Past continuous, past perfect simple
and past perfect continuous do not
change in reported speech.
‘John might visit Japan in the summer,’
his sister said.
John’s sister said (that) he might visit
Japan in the summer.
Certain modal verbs such as would,
could, might, should and ought to do
not change in reported speech.
Reported Questions
How often do you
exercise?
Do you drink milk?
The doctor asked
Mary how often she
exercised.
She also asked her
if/whether she drank
milk.
The doctor asked Mary how often she
exercised.
She also asked her if/whether she drank
milk.
Are these the doctor’s exact words?
Which introductory verb do we use?
Are the two sentences in question form?
Do the verb tenses and pronoun change?
What happens when the direct question
begins with a question word?
What happens when the direct question
begins with an auxiliary verb?
‘Can you come to work tomorrow?’ the boss
asked me.
The boss asked me if/whether I could go to
work the following day.
When the direct question begins with a
modal verb, then the reported question
begins with if or whether.
Report the doctor’s questions:
Do you smoke?
Can you come and see me again next
week?
How long have you been feeling unwell?
Do you have three meals a day?
Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions
The teacher
suggested making
some cards.
She asked Ruth to sit
down.
She told the children
Let’s make some
to be careful with
cards. Ruth, sit down,
the glue.
please. Be careful with
the glue. Don’t make a She also told them
not to make a mess.
mess
‘Let’s make some cards.’
She suggested making some cards.
‘Ruth, sit down, please.’
She asked Ruth to sit down.
‘Be careful with the glue.’
She told the children to be careful with
the glue.
7. ‘Don’t make a mess.’
8. She told them not to make a mess.
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6.
Which sentences contain the teacher’s
exact words? Which sentence contains the
teacher’s suggestion?/request?/command?
suggest + -ing form (to report suggestions)
ask + sb + to-infinitive (to report requests)
tell + sb +to-infinitive (to report commands
/instructions)
Report the teacher’s words:
‘Let’s sing a song.’
‘Don’t fight with each other.’
‘Listen to me.’
‘Put all the toys away.’
‘Please, be quiet!’
‘Let’s sit in a circle.’