Transcript Sacraments of Christ

Sacraments of Christ
Chapter 5
Sign, Symbol, Sacrament
Why 7 Sacraments
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Thomas Aquinas – like human development
Born-Baptism
Grow-Confirmation
Are fed – Eucharist
Healed- Penance
Recover or die- Anointing
Family – Matrimony
Need leaders – Holy Orders
Signs and Symbols
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St. Paul – sacrament is a mystery – God’s
hidden plan of wanting to save renew, unite in
Christ
St. Augustine- sign & symbol – something
concrete that points to something else
Flag, stop sign
Sign of sacred reality
Holy sign – symbol which believers perceive and
receive an invisible grace (Baptism-rebirth)
Efficacious symbol – Thomas Aquinas – they ARE
what they point to – Eucharist not only points to
Christ – it IS Christ
Sacraments ARE what they
symbolize
To be a sacrament, a sign or symbol must
do the following:
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Lead us to God
Come from God
Be an action of God
The best example
of a sacrament is
Jesus Christ himself.
Sacramental Nature of Christ and
the Church
Signs
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Not all signs are sacraments – must lead us
to God but also must come from God
Jesus
original sign & prime sacrament
Not only a sign but is God - efficacious
The Primordial Sacrament
Jesus is the
starting point of all
sacraments.
Jesus is the perfect
sign of God’s great
love for us.
The fundamental
nature of a
sacrament is
revealed in Jesus.
Jesus as Sacrament
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God in flesh
Really happened at definite time & location
Paschal Mystery
For all generations
Able to destroy death & bring about salvation
Present for every generation since
Made known to us in LITURGY – work of the
people- work of the Trinity
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Father- Creator
Son- redeemer
Holy Spirit- teacher & guide
Real Presence of Christ
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Present in Priest
Commissioned- Holy Orders
Baptizes, hears confession, etc
Christ is the true minister
Priest- representative who stands in for others ex.
babysitter, substitute teacher
Present when Scripture is read- word of God
inspired by the Holy Spirit
Present in community pray and sing together
Present in Eucharist – transubstantiation – earthly
liturgy is a foretaste of heavenly liturgy – saints
and angels together
Church as Sacrament
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Sign of unity of God and each other
All races and cultures- catholic
No longer physically present – Church is
Christ’s instrument
7 sacraments
Mystery
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Eastern Churches – sacraments called mysteries
Visible sign of invisible grace
Not just a symbol like peace sign – efficacious
symbol
7 Sacraments instituted by Christ
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First Christians baptized
Healed the sick
Breaking of the bread
1st 2 centuries – no one term to describe
sacraments- just practiced what Christ had
done
3 groups
Christian Initiation – Baptism, Confirmation,
Eucharist
Healing- Penance, Anointing of the Sick
Service- Holy Orders, Matrimony
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Council of Florence (1439)
Council of Florence
Proper matter – the prescribed
materials.
Correct words or form – the
prescribed words and gestures.
Designated minister – the prescribed
minister.
Sacraments of Initiation
Baptism – brings new
life in Christ.
Confirmation –
strengthens our new
life with the gifts of the
Holy Spirit.
Eucharist – nourishes
us with the Body and
Blood of Christ.
Sacraments of Initiation
Introduction
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The New Way
Thought at first to be an extension of Judaism
Then Gentiles- exceptions made
Catechumenate- 3 year process
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Sponsored by baptized Christian
Studied, prayed, fasted
Initiation
Hearing and acceptance of Good News
Profession of faith
Easter Vigil- Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist
Process changed
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Original sin
High infant mortality
Children had been baptized from early times
Vatican II restored catechumenate
Four Steps of RCIA
Evangelization – a person hears the word of
God and responds to it. It is followed by a rite of
acceptance
Catechumenate – over the course of a year,
catechumens study the faith in special parish
classes, are mentored by a sponsor, do service,
and participate in the Liturgy of the Word at
Mass. On the first Sunday of Lent, candidates
are enrolled in the Book of the Elect by the
bishop.
Four Steps of RCIA
Purification and Enlightenment – During Lent,
catechumens scrutinize their lives and do penance.
They receive the Lord’s Prayer and the Creed on
which to center their lives. At the end of this period
they receive the three sacraments of initiation at
the Easter Vigil Mass.
Mystagogia – The newly baptized neophytes
continue to meet with one another after Easter until
Pentecost, gradually taking their place in the
Church.
Baptism
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Immersion or triple pouring of water
“I baptize you in the name of the…”
Priest, Bishop, Deacon- normal minister
Become part of Christ’s body – the Church
Anointed with sacred chrism – oil consecrated
by the Bishop on Holy Thursday
2nd anointing – by Bishop at Confirmation
White garment- put on Christ; risen with Christ
Can be at Mass
Brought forth at Our Father – links to
Eucharist
Adults at Easter Vigil
The Essential Rite of
Baptism
Proper matter: Water
Correct words or form:
Triple pouring of or
immersion in water
with the words, “I
baptize you in the
name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of
the Holy Spirit.”
Designated minister:
bishop, priest, or
deacon
Effects of Baptism
Washes away original sin and any other
sins and the punishment due.
Makes us children of God and temples
of the Holy Spirit.
Welcomes us as members of the
Church, the Body of Christ.
Marks us forever as sharers in the
common priesthood of all believers, and
in Christ’s mission of justice and peace.
Celebration of the Sacrament of
Baptism
Confirmation
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Bishop lays hand on forehead
Anoints with chrism
“Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit”
Since the time of the Apostles- laying on of
hands
Gift of the Holy Spirit
Completes Baptism
Origin of Confirmation
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In the early Church chrism was added
Eastern Churches-Chrismation- after Baptism
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Originally all 3 at one time
Time of Confirmation – adolescence ?
Candidate prepared
State of grace
Given only once – indelible character
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Effects
Roots us more deeply in Christ’s love
Unites us with firmly with Christ and strengthens
our bond with His Church
Increases gifts of the Holy Spirit
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Usually administered at Mass – connect to the
Eucharist
Renew Baptismal promises
Requirements for Reception of the
Sacrament of Confirmation
Be prepared to
profess the faith.
Be in the state of
grace.
Intend to receive
the sacrament.
Be prepared to
witness to Jesus
Christ.
The Essential Rite of
Confirmation
Proper matter: Chrism
Correct words or form:
Laying on of hands and
anointing with chrism
on the forehead with
the words: "(Name), be
sealed with the gift of
the Holy Spirit."
Designated minister:
Bishop
Holy Eucharist
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Vatican II – “source and summit of Christian
life”
United with heavenly liturgy
Pius X – encouaged weekly reception –
moved age from 12 to age of reason
Development
Began at Passover meal- Last Supper
1st century – gathered in homes – preaching,
prayer, breaking of the bread
Development of the
Eucharist
Christ instituted the Eucharist during a Passover
meal held at the Last Supper as a memorial of his
Death and Resurrection.
At the Council of Trent (1545 – 1563) the doctrine of
transubstantiation was defined and the Roman
Missal was published by Pope Pius V.
155- outline
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Liturgy of word
Sermon
Prayer of the faithful
Sign of peace
Communion offering
Consecration
Anointing – Amen
Many of the prayers we still use today
Apostolic Tradition (315) outlined prayers and
order of worship – even closer to ours today
4th century – preface and Sanctus added
Charlemagne – tried to unify – prayers differed
from region to region
Council of Trent (1545-1563) – transubstantiation
defined
Pius V – established Roman Missal – used until
Vatican II
Vatican II – emphasize Lord’s Supper
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Community
Call to penance and forgiveness
Scripture proclaimed by people
Reception under both species
Command to go forth
Translation revised by Benedict XVI
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2 main parts – Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of
the Eucharist
Liturgy of the Word
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Introductory rites- gather, sign of the cross, ask for
forgiveness, Gloria, opening prayer
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Liturgy of the Word – readings
Liturgy of the Eucharist
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Preparation of altar
Donation & gift
Eucharistic Prayer – several
Thanksgiving to Father
Holy Spirit called down on gifts
Words of consecration
Offering of sacrifice
Intercessions-Pope, clergy, living, dead
Amen – I agree
Our Father
Sign of peace
Lamb of God- need for God’s mercy
Breaking of bread and reception of Communion
Conclusion – blessing and go forth
Parts of the Eucharistic
Liturgy
Introductory Rites
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Sign of the Cross
Penitential Rite
Gloria
Opening Prayer
Liturgy of the Word
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First Reading
Psalm Response
Second Reading
Gospel
Homily
Creed
General Intercessions
Liturgy of the Eucharist
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Preparation of the Altar
Presentation of the Gifts
Eucharistic Prayer
Great Amen
Communion Rite
Our Father
Lamb of God
Reception of Holy
Communion
Prayer after Communion
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Concluding Rite
The Essential Rite of
Eucharist
Proper matter: unleavened bread and
wine
Correct words or form: Changing bread
and wine into the Body and Blood of
Christ by the words: "Take this, all of you,
and eat it: this is my body which will be
given up for you . . . Take this, all of you,
and drink from it: this is the cup of my
blood of the new and everlasting
covenant. It will be shed for you and for
all so that sins may be forgiven. Do this in
memory of me.“
Designated minister: Bishop or priest
Sacraments of Healing
Anointing of the Sick
Penance / Reconciliation
Our new life in Christ can be weakened by
suffering, illness, death, and the effects of sin.
Sacraments of Healing
Introduction
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Jesus= physician- souls and bodies
Paralytic- healed & forgave sins
Penance – Reconciliation Confession
Penance renews,
restores, and strengthens
our relationship with God
and the community after it
has been damaged by
sin.
Penance shows that
God’s love is without
limits
Penance
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Sacrament of renewed faith- renews,
restores, strengthens relationship with God &
community after damaged by sin
God’s love without limits- sign of love &
personal forgiveness
Known as Penance, Reconciliation,
Confession
Begins with Jesus- mission was to sinners
“Whatever you bind on earth ….”
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Difference in practices – not essentials
3rd-5th centuries
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Forgiveness of venial sin through Eucharist prayers &
works of mercy
Mortal sin – long, difficult time of penance
Once in a lifetimes
Took place in public
Often put off till near death
6th century- private confession – counsel and offer
forgiveness
Thomas Aquinas – 13th c
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Contrition sorrow wipes out sin
Confession necessary for forgiveness of mortal sin –
penance and absolution
Recent reforms – face to face
Essential Elements of
Penance
The acts of the person
who undergoes conversion
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Contrition
Confession
Satisfaction
The intervention of the
Church
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Absolution from the priest
All Catholics are required to go to
confession at least once per year to
confess serious sins
God Alone Forgives Sin
Christian life is marked by
lifelong conversion
Even though forgiveness is
expressed through the
Church and this
Sacrament, God alone
forgives sin
Anointing of the Sick
The sacrament
encourages those who
are sick to overcome
the alienation caused
by illness
Jesus continues to bring
healing through the
prayers of the Church,
and through the
sacraments, especially
the Eucharist and the
Anointing of the Sick
Anointing of the sick
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Inevitable weakness and illness
Rooted in the letter of James
Middle Ages
Only to the dying- Extreme Unction
Penance and Viaticum (last communion)
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Vatican II – for elderly, major surgery
Spiritual effects
Able to accept trials of illness
Forgiveness of sins
Grace
Contribute to the holiness of the Church
United to Passion of Christ
Possible restoration of health
Supernatural strength for dying
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Minister- priest
Celebration of the Sacrament
Sometimes during Mass
Laying on of hands
Prayer for the person
Anoint forehead and hands with Chrism
Introductory rites and Scripture reading
Blessing with holy water
May hear confession
Essential Elements of
Anointing of the Sick
The priest or bishop
• lays his hands on the sick person
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prays for the person in the faith of the Church
anoints the forehead and hands of the sick
person with oil previously blessed by a
bishop
Sacraments at the
Service of Communion
These
sacraments
are directed
toward the
salvation of
others, not
toward those
receiving the
sacraments.
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Sacraments of Service
Holy Orders
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All share in office of priest
Some with ministerial priesthood
Holy Orders
The ministerial priesthood
Sacramental ordination consecrates
certain baptized men to one of three
degrees of a sacred order:
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Episcopate – bishops
Presbyterate – priests
Diaconate – deacons
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Tradition
Jesus was a male
Choose male apostles
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Not something anyone can choose
No one has the right to be ordained
Celebration of the sacrament
Laying on of hands by the bishop
Prayer of consecration
Minister= bishop
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Cannot be repeated
Matrimony
Marriage is a
sacred covenant -that is an
agreement
between the
husband and wife,
and between the
couple and God.
Matrimony
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Established by God
Modeled after Christ & His Church
St. Augustine
Procreation of children
Chastity & fidelity of spouses
Indissoluble union
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Must be given freely
Mutually confer on each other
Gift of unconditional love
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Effects
Grace to love one another
Grace to remain faithful
Strengthen each other for eternal life
Blessed with children
Grace to raise children in the faith
Called “domestic Church”
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Celebration
Sacred covenant
Liturgy of the Word – importance of marriage
Special nuptial blessing
Holy Communion
The Essential Rite of
Matrimony
The essential element of Matrimony is
the mutual consent to marry.
The words of consent must be freely
given.
Catholics must marry in the presence of
a priest or a deacon, and in the
presence of two witnesses.
The spouses themselves are the
ministers of the sacrament.
Matrimony
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The family is called
“the domestic
Church.” The family is
a living witness and
testimony of eternal,
unbreakable, and
boundless love that
the couple (and their
children) give to one
another and to the
world.
The Seven Sacraments
The sacraments celebrate Jesus as the Way, the Truth, and
the Life.
The sacraments are a way for us to live life to the fullest.
The sacraments are the way to allow Jesus to touch our
lives.