Transcript Cell Chemistry - Legacy Preparatory Academy Elemetary

Cell Chemistry
LPA 2013-2014
Week 3
Standard 2.3
Monday Objective
• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the
nature of science.
Bell work
• Read pages 120-124.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of
your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for
the following terms from Middle School:
– Cell
– Microscopes
– Bacteria
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following
terms:
– Light Microscope
– Electron Microscope
Observing Cells
• 1665 – Robert Hooke created a primitive
_________ microscope.
• Many ____________ in a cell are too small to
see with a light microscope.
Observing Cells
• 1950s – The powerful electron microscope
was created.
• ____________ microscopes show many
_________ structures in a cell.
• Electron microscopes may only image
_______ cells.
Cell Theory
• Rudolf Virchow – proposed that __________
only come from other ________.
• Theodor Schwann – All ____________ are
made of __________.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden – All _________ are
made of __________.
Cell Theory
1. All __________ are composed of cells.
2. Cells are ______ and the basic living units of
organization in all organisms.
3. All cells come from ______ _______.
Levels of Organization
• ____________ organisms have many types of
____________ cells in their bodies.
Levels of Organization
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ
System
Organism
Monday Objective
• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the
nature of science.
Homework
• Complete questions 1-9 on page 125.
• Read pages 126 – 132.
Tuesday Objective
• I will identify different cells.
• I will describe cell structures and their
functions.
Bell work
• Complete questions 1-3 on page 133.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of
your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for
the following terms from Middle School:
– Cell
– Prokaryote
– Eukaryote
– Nucleus
– DNA
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following
terms:
– Organelle
– Plasmid
– Plasma Membrane
– Cytosol
– Cytoplasm
– Chromosome
Cell Types
• Prokaryotic cells do not contain _____________________ organelles like a ____________.
• Eukaryotic cells contain __________ __________ organelles like a ___________,
___________, or ____________.
Prokaryotes
• Do not have a __________ or other
membrane-bound ____________.
• Prokaryotic cells are much ___________ and
__________ than eukaryotes.
• DNA is a large ___________ that is coiled up.
• May contain smaller circles of DNA called
____________.
• Example: ___________ and archaebacteria
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
• Contain a ___________, and other
membrane-bound ____________.
• Eukaryotic cells may be _______________.
• DNA is contained in a _____________.
• Examples: __________, ___________,
___________, and ___________.
Eukaryote
Plasma Membrane
• The plasma membrane is a __________ layer
of phospholipids with ___________ randomly
placed throughout.
• The plasma membrane is also known as the
_______ _______________.
• The plasma membrane controls what goes
________ and _______ of a cell.
Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
• The cytosol is the ___________ fluid-like
substance that surrounds all the organelles of
a cell.
• The cytosol is composed of ___________ and
other __________ (such as ___________).
Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is a term that refers to the
_________ and all the organelles of a cell
except for the __________.
Nucleus
• The nucleus is a ____________ - bound
organelle that contains most of the
___________ material of a cell.
• The nuclear membrane controls which
molecules go in and out of the ___________.
Chromosomes
• The DNA in a nucleus is wrapped in
_________ and then coiled to form
_____________.
• The genetic material directs which
____________ are made and then shipped to
other parts of the cell or body.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria generate cellular __________,
called __________, needed to power chemical
reactions.
• Mitochondria are found in ALL ____________
cells.
Chloroplasts
• Site of ________________.
• Found in plants, ________, and some
___________.
Other Eukaryotic Organelles
• ___________ are storage centers.
• ___________ contain enzymes that break
down old molecules.
• The ____________ gives the cell structure like
your bones.
• ___________ interpret RNA and creates
proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The ____________ ____________ (ER) is a
membranous maze surrounding the nucleus.
• ________ ER has ribosomes attached to the
membrane and produces ___________.
• ________ ER does not have ribosomes and
produces ___________.
ER
Golgi Apparatus
• The golgi apparatus receives the ___________
from the rough ER.
• It packages the proteins by adding a ________
molecule.
• It ships the package to the correct place in the
_______.
Golgi Apparatus
Plant Cells
• Plant cells are ____________ cells.
• Differ from animal cells in the following ways:
– Plant cells contain a large central ___________.
• Contains water, nutrients and wastes
• Makes up 90% of the cell’s volumes
– Animal cells contain much smaller __________.
Plant Cell
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have a ________ __________ in
addition to a cell membrane.
• This _______ ________ provides __________,
rigidity and ___________ to the cell.
• Other organisms with a cell wall include:
– Fungi
– Bacteria
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have ____________ which are the
site of photosynthesis. Animals cells do not
have these.
Tuesday Objective
• I will identify different cells.
• I will describe cell structures and their
functions.
Homework
• Complete questions 4-7 on page 133.
• Read pages 134-139.
Wednesday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the
cell membrane.
Bell work
• Complete questions 3-5 on page 140.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of
your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for
the following terms:
– Cell membrane
– Concentration
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following
terms:
– Semipermeable Membrane
– Passive Transport
– Diffusion
– Facilitated Diffusion
– Active Transport
– Vesicle
Quiz
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C =NO communication except with the teacher.
H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.
A =Take the test. Answer every question.
M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.
P =Finish the test. When you finish, turn your
paper over and describe the process of
photosynthesis.
Wednesday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the
cell membrane.
Homework
• Complete questions 6-8 on page 140.
Thursday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the
cell membrane.
Bell work
• Complete questions 9 & 10 on page 140.
Demonstration
• Create a scientific diagram that records the
ingredients of each beaker and each plastic
bag.
• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.
• Draw new diagrams every time you check the
beakers.
Transport
• The cell membrane is _____________
permeable, or “semipermeable,” which means
that only some ___________ can get through the
membrane.
• Water and small non-charged molecules such as
__________ and CO2 slip around the
phospholipids.
• Larger ____________ and _________ molecules
cannot slip across the membrane.
Cell Membrane
Passive Transport
• Passive transport is the _____________ of
molecules and particles across a cell
membrane without the input of __________.
• Types of Passive Transport:
– Diffusion
– Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion
• Diffusion is the ______________ of molecules
from an area of ________ concentration to an
area of ________ concentration.
• Diffusion does not require ___________.
• Diffusion occurs by the __________
movement of molecules.
Osmosis
• Osmosis is the diffusion of ____________.
– Hypotonic – the external water solution has a
_________ concentration of dissolved material
than the cytosol.
– Hypertonic – The external water solution has a
_________ concentration of dissolved material
than the cytosol.
– Isotonic – the external water solution has the
_________ concentration of dissolved material as
the cytosol.
Facilitated Diffusion
• Simple diffusion works for ______ molecules
and ____-_________ molecules.
• Large molecules and charged molecules
cannot slip past the ________________ heads
of the cell membrane.
• _______________ diffusion is the use of
proteins to transport large molecules and
charged molecules into or out of the cell.
Channel Proteins
• __________ or charged molecules move
across the cell membrane through
___________ proteins.
• ___________ proteins are always open and
act like a _________.
• Channel proteins do not require energy; so
they are a form of ___________ transport.
Carrier Proteins
• _______ molecules are ___________ across
the cell membranes when they meet a carrier
protein.
• Carrier proteins do not require energy; so they
are a form of ___________ transport.
Active Transport
• Active transport moves molecules
__________ the concentration gradient.
– From an area of _______ concentration to an area
of _______ concentration.
• Active transport requires ________ and
_________ proteins to move the molecules.
Vesicles
• A vesicle is a small bubble of ___________ that
transports a large to the _______
_____________.
• Vesicle formation requires ___________.
– Exocytosis – the vesicle transports a molecule from
within the cell to the cell membrane.
– Endocytosis – the vesicle forms at the cell membrane
and transports the molecule into the cell.
Thursday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the
cell membrane.
Homework
• Complete questions 1 & 2 on page 140.
Friday Objective
• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic,
and hypotonic solutions.
Bell work
• Review the lab instructions.
• Record your questions in the margins.
Demonstration
• Create a scientific diagram that records the
ingredients of each beaker and each plastic
bag.
• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.
• Draw new diagrams every time you check the
beakers.
Phet Simulation
• Virtual Membrane Diffusion Lab
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mem
brane-channels
Friday Objective
• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic,
and hypotonic solutions.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet.