Transcript Adaptation of Scots pine provenances to changing temperatures

Adaptation of Scots pine provenances
to changing temperatures
Volker Schneck & Mirko Liesebach
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural
Areas, Fisheries and Forest, Institute of Forest Genetics, Waldsieversdorf
Scots pine provenance trials
• 1. IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
– 20 provenances from Europe, 7 sites in Germany
• 2. Provenance trial with eastern provenances 1990/91
– 23 provenances (mainly Russia), 2 sites in Germany
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 - Origin of provenances
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
characteristics of trial sites
Waldsieversdorf
Bensheim
longitude
52° 33’N
49° 39’ N
latitude
14° 05’ E
08° 31’ E
altitude [m]
50
95
annual temperature [°C]
8.2
10.2
annual precipitation
530
662
vegetation period [d]
163
183
precipitation veget. per. [mm]
291
382
aridity index
29.1
32.8
aridity
index = annual precipitation
/ (annual temperature+10)
soil type
sand-brown-soil
brown-soil-gley
plants/plot
121
121
replications
4 (3)
4
spacing [m]
1.5 x 1.5
1.5 x 1.5
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
characteristics of trial sites
Waldsieversdorf
Bensheim
longitude
52°
49° 39’ N
latitude
14°
08° 31’ E
altitude [m]
50
95
annual temperature [°C]
8.2
10.2
annual precipitation
530
662
vegetation period [d]
163
183
precipitation veget. per. [mm]
291
382
aridity index
29.1
32.8
sand-brown-soil
brown-soil
plants/plot
121
121
replications
4
4
spacing [m]
1.5 x 1.5
1.5 x 1.5
soil type
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
mean annual temperature of provenances
temperature [°C]
12
B
10
W
8
6
4
2
0
(R
)
R
(T
2 0 A)
(B )
19 N
(M
1 8 U)
(H
17 Z)
(C
1 6 E)
(S
1 5 R)
(F
1 4 E)
(B
1 3 E)
(D
1 2 E)
(D
1 1 E)
(D
10 )
L
(P
9 L)
(P
8 L)
(P
7 L)
(P
6 L)
(P
5 )
V
(L
4 )
U
(R
3 U)
(R
2 U)
1
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84
aridity index of provenances
aridity index
60
50
40
B
W
30
20
10
0
)
R
(T
2 0 E)
(S
15 )
U
(R
1 A)
(B
19 )
U
(R )
2 N
(M
18 )
U
(R
3 )
V
(L
4 L)
(P
7 Z)
(C
1 6 E)
(D
1 1 E)
(D
10 )
L
(P
8 U)
(H
17 )
L
(P
6 L)
(P
5 R)
(F
14 )
L
(P
9 E)
(D
1 2 E)
(B
13
aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
height at age 22
height [m]
14
HG 100 = 34 m
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
)
R
(T
2 0 E)
(S
15 )
U
(R
1 A)
(B
19 )
U
(R )
2 N
(M
18 )
U
(R
3 )
V
(L
4 L)
(P
7 Z)
(C
1 6 E)
(D
1 1 E)
(D
10 )
L
(P
8 U)
(H
17 )
L
(P
6 L)
(P
5 R)
(F
14 )
L
(P
9 E)
(D
1 2 E)
(B
13
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
stem volume/ha at age 22
volume/ha [m³]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
)
R
(T
2 0 U)
(R
1 A)
(B
1 9 E)
(S
15 )
U
(R )
2 N
(M
1 8 U)
(R
3 )
V
(L
4 Z)
(C
1 6 E)
(D
10 L)
(P
7 E)
(D
11 L)
(P
5 L)
(P
9 L)
(P
8 U)
(H
1 7 E)
(B
13 L)
(P
6 R)
(F )
14 DE
(
12
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
relationship of provenance temperature with height (age 22)
height [m]
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
y = 0.4709x + 6.8698
R2 = 0.548
6
5
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
temperature [°C]
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
relationship of provenance aridity index with height (age 22)
13
height [m]
12
y = -0.105x + 14.323
R2 = 0.5089
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
aridity index
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf and Bensheim
dbh at age 17
dbh [cm]
11
10
W
B
9
8
7
6
5
4
E)
(S
1 5 R)
(T )
20 N
(M
18 )
U
(R
1 A)
(B
19 )
U
(R
2 U)
(R
3 )
V
(L
4 L)
(P
7 E)
(D
11 Z)
(C
1 6 U)
(H
17 )
L
(P
8 L)
(P
6 L)
(P
9 E)
(D
1 2 R)
(F
14 )
L
(P
5 E)
(D
1 0 E)
(B
13
Bensheim
Waldsieversdorf
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 – both sites
relationship of provenance temperature with dbh (age 17)
11
dbh [cm]
y = 0.2835x + 6.681
R2 = 0.3619
10
9
8
7
6
y = 0.4007x + 5.4017
R2 = 0.5129
5
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
temperature [°C]
Waldsieversdorf
Bensheim
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/86 Bensheim
Provenance trial 1990/91 – origin of provenances
15°
60°
55°
MV
BB
50°
20°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
55°
Provenance trial 1990/91
mean annual temperature of provenances
MV = 8.2 °C
8
BB = 8.8°C
temperature [°C]
9
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
i
om
K w
4 iro
K i
15 om
K w
2 iro i
K
14 om
K
11 row
i
K w
1 iro
K
16 irow
K
3 irow esh
K n
6 ro
Vo k h
7 pez nes
Li ro
5 o esh
W n
13 oro esh
V n
9 ro k
Vo z
8 ipe k
L z
12 ipe
L
10 T
L
23 T
L
22 L
P
25 L
P
24 L
P
17 E
D
18 E
D
19
Provenance trial 1990/91
aridity index of provenances
aridity index
60
50
40
MV = 35.2
BB = 29.6
30
20
10
0
i
om
K w
4 iro
K i
15 om
K w
2 iro i
K
14 om
K
11 row
i
K w
1 iro
K
16 irow
K
3 irow esh
K n
6 oro
V k h
7 pez nes
Li ro
5 o esh
W n
13 oro esh
V n
9 ro k
Vo z
8 ipe k
L z
12 ipe
L
10 T
L
23 T
L
22 L
P
25 L
P
24 L
P
17 E
D
18 E
D
19
aridity index = annual precipitation / (annual temperature+10)
Provenance trial 1990/91
height at age 11
height [m]
5
4,5
4
BB
3,5
MVP
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
i
om
K i
4 m
o
K
2 irow
K i
3 om
K w
11 iro
K
16 row
i
K
6 irow
K w
1 iro
K w
15 iro
K k
14 pez k
Li z
5 ipe
L
10
LT z k
23 ipe
L
12 E sh
D ne h
18 r o es
Vo on
7 r h
Vo nes
13 r o
Vo
h
9
LT nes
22 r o
Vo
8 E
D
19 L
P
25 L
P
24 L
P
17
BB
MVP
Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg
relationship of difference between trial site and provenance
temperature with height (age 11)
5
height [m]
4
3
2
y = -0.2443x + 4.4115
R2 = 0.8449
1
0
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
°C
Provenance trial 1990/91 – Brandenburg
relationship of difference between trial site and provenance aridity
index with height (age 11)
5
height [m]
y = -0.0658x + 6.1594
R2 = 0.6372
4
3
2
1
0
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
difference aridity index
Results
• Significant differences in height growth and volume production
between the provenances.
• The local provenance is within the group of the well growing
provenances but is not the best.
• Growth at the trial sites is correlated with parameters of
provenance climate.
• Provenances from regions with temperatures up to 2.0 resp.
3.5 °C lower perform well under the warmer conditions at the
trial sites.
• There are other reasons like differences in mean temperature
and annual precipitation for growth of provenances at the trial
sites (soil, distribution of precipitation, vegetation period).
Discussion
• Warming up to 2.5 degrees don‘t decrease growth of Scots pine
significantly (for provenances between 47° and 58° northern latitude).
• For sites with lower mean temperatures than the trial site a transfer of
provenances from west to east seems possible if global warming
occurs.
• Besides temperature and precipitation other factors have an strong
influence on growth of Scots pine at least in central Europe.
• Open questions:
– appearance of new insects and pests
– how does Scots pine react to extreme weather conditions (heat,
drought)
– What will happen with Scots pine at sites with high temperatures
already today?
IUFRO-Provenance trial 1982/84 Waldsieversdorf
Thank you
Lampertheim (SW-Germany)
Suprasl (NE-Poland)