Transcript Sir Walter Raleigh

THE THIRTEEN
COLONIES
England plants colonies in North
America
COLONY # 1
VIRGINIA
Virginia Company of London
joint stock company:
originally funded and maintained
English colonies
Several investors who pooled their
wealth in support of a colony
Business venture for profit
CHARTER
an official permit to start a colony from the
English monarch who was entitled to a
portion of the profits
GRANTED BY KING JAMES I in 1606,
whom Jamestown was named after
Jamestown Intro Video (2 min)
FACTS
Jamestown =
FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT
Founded in 1607
Leaders = JOHN SMITH and
JOHN ROLFE
John Smith – Was He the Right
Man for the Job?
Became a leader of the
Jamestown colony its first
winter at age 28
He focused on logging and
building
“If any would not work,
neither should he eat.”
Developed a (negative )
relationship with the
Powhatan tribe
Left Jamestown 1609 :
gunpowder accident
Native Americans in VA
Powhatans- an Algonquian speaking tribe
English settlers would raid the Powhatans’
villages (it was not like the Disney movie)
Women in Jamestown
By early1608 the colony had dwindled to
approximately 38 settlers.
Captain John Smith arrived in fall of 1608
with hundred of new settlers, INCLUDING
WOMEN
The Starving Time : Jamestown Nightmare
1609-1610
After John Smith returned to England
conditions worsen
Winter was harsh
Settlers were forced to eat rodents and snakes
and their horses (Some accounts of cannibalism)
1610- only 60 survive
Contributing factor: settlers wasted time
looking for gold/silver instead of hunting
and farming
Rebuilding: John Rolfe and
Tobacco
In 1610 a ship of new settlers arrive,
including John Rolfe and a new governor
that focused more on farming.
Rolfe married Pocahontas, the daughter of
Powhatan chief. This helped ease tensions
between the Natives and settlers.
Rolfe’s bigger contribution was to tobacco
farming. He created a much smoother
tasting tobacco that became very popular in
England.
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
Tobacco Economy required a
(cheap) labor force
HEADRIGHT
SYSTEM (1618)
Each Virginian got 50
acres for each person
whose passage they paid.
Indentured Servitude
• People that could not
afford to pay to travel
to America
• 4-7 years of servitude
in return for travel
expenses
• Forbidden to marry
• 1610-1614 only 1 in 10
outlived their contracts
Jamestown Economy (2 min)
1619: The House of Burgesses
An elected legislative
body
Burgess = a person
invested with all the
privileges of a citizen
Male landowners over
age 17 eligible to vote
for representatives
First seed of American
democracy
17c Population
in the Chesapeake
100000
80000
60000
White
40000
Black
20000
0
1607
1630
1650
1670
1690
WHY this large increase in black popul.??
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The “Middle Passage”
COLONY # 2
MASSACHUSETTS
First Settlement
PLYMOUTH (near Cape Cod)
Founded in
1620
Founded by
PILGRIMS
Voyage to the New World
Sailed on the ship the Mayflower
Intend to go the Virginia
Bad weather caused them to go north
They landed in an area John Smith called
New England.
English Reformation
16th century movement for religious reform
Led to the founding of churches that
rejected the Pope’s authority
Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church
(He wanted a divorce, because his first wife
Catherine could not have any more
children- only one girl.)
Formed the Church of England (Anglican
Church)
Puritans
A group in England who
wanted to reform (change) the
Church of England
Wanted to eliminate all traces
of Roman Catholicism
Separatists
Puritans who opposed those
who wanted to reform the
Church of England from within
and wanted to form their own
separate congregations
Pilgrims
A pilgrim is a person who takes
a religious journey
Separatists who fled England to
escape persecution
1st = Netherlands (Holland)
nd
2 = North America
Mayflower Compact
1620
Considered the first written constitution in
North America
Radical idea
Government depends on the consent of the
governed
Named after the ship they sailed on.
William Bradford
FIRST to sign the
Mayflower
Compact
FIRST governor
of Plymouth
Colony
First Thanksgiving
Pilgrims arrived too late in the year to plant
and harvest food
First winter the many died
The Wampanoag tribe, including SQUANTO,
showed the Pilgrims how to plant corn and
other crops
In the fall the Pilgrims set ahead a few days to
celebrate their good harvest and the help of the
native…..this became THANKSGIVING
Second Settlement
MASSACHUSETTS
BAY COLONY (Boston)
Founded in
1630
Leader
JOHN WINTHROP
Massachusetts Bay Company
Joint Stock company that funded the
establishment of the Massachusetts Bay
Colony
Boston – capital city
Great Puritan Migration
1629-1642
Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans ,
arrived brought over by the Massachusetts
Bay Company fleeing religious persecution
against Puritans under King Charles I
Plymouth Colony incorporated into the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
COLONY # 6
RHODE ISLAND
1636
RHODE ISLAND
First Settlement
PROVIDENCE
Founded
1636
Leader
Roger Williams
Roger Williams
Puritan who was tolerant of other religions
Did not believe in killing or punishing people
in the name of Christianity
Did not believe in a tax supported church
Supported separation of church and state
Indian land should be paid for
Banished from MBC for his beliefs
Roger Williams
Bought land from the Native Americans to
start the colony
Narranganset Indians helped him when he was
banished
Based on “freedom of conscience”
Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews
Roger Williams
" We may praise him .. for his defense of
religious liberty and the separation of
church and state . He deserves the tribute …
but it falls short of the man. His greatness
was simpler. He dared to think. "
- Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger
Williams
Ann Hutchinson
Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams)
Put on trial for her beliefs
Banished from the MBC
Fled to RI and later to NY
Chronological Order
Protestant Reformation
Founding of the Plymouth Colony
The Great Puritan Migration
Founding of Rhode Island
COLONY # 4
CONNECTICUT
1636
CONNECTICUT
FIRST SETTLEMENT
Hartford
FOUNDED
1636
LEADER
Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders
1639
A constitution governing colonial
Connecticut
Establishing a democratic state through a
king granted charter
Town Meetings
An assembly of townspeople that decides
local issues (they were restricted to males
heads of households)
Puritans in Massachusetts, Rhode Island
and Connecticut governed themselves with
town meetings
COLONY # 10
NEW YORK
1664
NEW YORK
FIRST SETTLEMENT
New York
FOUNDED
1664
Henry Hudson
Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest
Passage
Land in North America he claimed for
Holland called New Netherlands
Dutch West India Company
The business that owned most of Holland’s
colonies
Fur trading
More interested in its colonies in India
Peter Stuyvesant
Dutch governor of New Netherlands
Complained of how diverse the area was
1664 –British take New
Netherlands
from Holland without firing a shot
Given to James, Duke of York by King
Charles II (his brother)
renamed it New York
Renamed “New York”
 England gained
strategic harbor
between her
northern &
southern colonies.
 England now
controlled the
Atlantic coast!
Patroon System
Patroon= a person who brought 50 settlers
to New Netherland
The patroon was rewarded by receiving a
large land grant with hunting, fishing and
fur trading privileges
Diversity in New Netherlands/
New York
Diversity mean variety of people with
different cultures/backgrounds
Was the most TOLERANT ( accepting of
different opinions)
New Netherlands welcomed Puritans from
New England, Quakers, German Lutherans,
French Protestants and Jewish
COLONY # 11
NEW JERSEY
1664
NEW JERSEY
FOUNDED
1664
split from New York to form a new colony
First Proprietary Colony = a colony created
by a grant of land from a monarch to an
individual or family.
A Royal Colony
1702 it received a new charter making is a
ROYAL Colony
Royal colony= a colony controlled directly
by the English King (New York had
become a royal colony in 1685)
COLONY # 12
PENNSYLVANIA
1681
PENNSYLVANIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT
Philadelphia
FOUNDED
1681
LEADER
William Penn
The Quakers
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during
intense religious practices.
They offended religious & secular leaders in
England.
 Refused to pay taxes to support the Church
of England.
 Believed all were children of God refused
to treat the upper classes with deference.
 Pacifists. – Refused to fight in a war
Quaker Meeting
William Penn
Englishman.
1660 – attracted to
the Quaker faith.
Embraced Quakerism
after military service.
1681  he received a
grant from king to
establish a colony.
 This settled a debt the king owed his father.
 Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
He sent out paid agents and advertised for
settlers  his pamphlets were pretty honest.
 Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants.
Penn & Native Americans
Bought [didn’t simply take]
land from Indians.
Quakers went among the
Indians unarmed.
BUT…….. non-Quaker
Europeans flooded PA
 Treated native peoples poorly.
 This undermined the actions
of the Quakers!
Government of
Pennsylvania
Representative assembly elected by
landowners.
No tax-supported church.
Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.
Forced to deny right to vote & hold
office to Catholics & Jews by English
govt.
Death penalty only for treason &
murder.
 Compared to 200 capital crimes in
England!
Pennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people
 Religious misfits from other colonies.
 Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
A society that gave its citizens economic
opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!
COLONY # 13
GEORGIA
1732
GEORGIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT
Savannah
FOUNDED
1732
LEADER
James Oglethorpe
James Ogelthorpe
Wanted to create a colony where debtors
could go instead of going to jail
Debtors ended up being only a small percentage
of the actual settlers
The buffer colony
from Spanish colonies south (Florida)
From French claims west (Louisiana)