Transcript Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and the Issue of

Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy
Chapter 16
“If the United States wants to save a lot of oil and money
and increase national security, there are two simple ways
to do it: Stop driving Petropigs and stop living in energy
sieves..”
Amory B. Lovins
Key Concepts
Improving energy efficiency
Types and uses of solar energy
Types and uses of flowing water
Uses of wind energy
Types and uses of biomass
Use of hydrogen as a fuel
Use of geothermal energy
Decentralized power systems
The Importance of Improving Energy
Efficiency
Net useful energy
Life cycle cost
Least Efficient
Incandescent lights
Internal combustion
engine
Nuclear power
plants
Efficiencies (fig 16-4 p. 382)
Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency
Insulation
Elimination of air leaks
Air to air heat exchangers
Cogeneration
Efficient electric motors
High-efficiency lighting
Increasing fuel economy
Electric and Hybrid Cars
Rechargeable battery systems
Hybrid electric-internal combustion
engine
Fig. 16-10 p. 365
Fuel cells
Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and
Electricity
Passive solar heating
Active solar heating
Fig. 16-17 pg 394
Using Solar Energy to Provide HighTemperature Heat and Electricity
Solar thermal
systems
Photovoltaic (PV)
cells
Fig. 16-23 p. 398
Producing Electricity from Moving
Water
Large-scale hydropower
Small-scale hydropower
Pumped-storage hydropower
Tidal power plant
Wave power plant
Producing Electricity from Heat Stored
in Water
Ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC)
Saline solar ponds
Freshwater solar ponds
Producing Electricity from Wind
Fig. 16-28 pg 402
Fig. 16-28 pg 402
Producing Energy from Biomass
Biofuels
Biomass plantations
Crop residues
Animal manure
Biogas
Ethanol
Methanol
Fig. 16-31, p 404
The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution
Extracting hydrogen efficiently
Storing hydrogen
Fuel cells
Fig. 16-33 p. 386
Fig. 15-18, p 355
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal
reservoirs
Dry Steam
Wet Steam
Hot water
Molten rock
Hot dry-rock zones
Fig. 16-36, p 409
Geothermal Reservoirs
Fig. 16-37 p. 410
Entering the Age of Decentralized
Micropower
Centralized power systems
Decentralized power systems
Micropower systems
Fig. 16-40 p. 411
Fig. 16-39
p. 411
Fig. 16-44,
p 414
Solutions: A Sustainable Energy
Strategy