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China National Science & Technology Industrial
Parks (STIPs)
Peng Haoshu
Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China
16 March 2009
Contents
1
Overview of Background
2
Current Situation
3
Policies and Administration
4
Strategies for Future Development
Background
The importance of STIPs in China:
1. Incubators of S&T companies
2. Important platforms for technology innovation
3. Congregation of innovation clusters
4. Representative areas of intensive economic growth models
5. Important engines of regional economic growth
6. Important carrier to improve international competency.
Current Status of Major Regions in China
Western：
Area:
71.6%；
Population:
Main
370 million(28.7%)
Features：
（1）unfavorable natural conditions ，
most poverty population；
（2）highest rural population
proportion
（3）more than 50 minorities (more
than 80% of total minority population；
（4）few and far between，
inconvenient economic connections
（5）upriver of Yongtse, Yellow
River, ...，eco-safety of the whole
country；
（6）rich in energy and mineral
resources
North-east:
Central:
Area:
Area:
8.2%；
Population:
110 million (8.3%)
10.7%；
Population:
360 million (28.2%)
Main Features:
Features:
（1）rich land resources and favorable （1）Fertile soil，major agricultural
production and output bases ；
for agricultural production
（2）lowest rural population proportion （2）traditional culture stressing
agriculture while restraining
（3）old industrial bases facing
industry and despising commerce；
challenges of exhausting
（3）industrial bases of various scales
resources
formed in some areas
（4）good industrial conditions,
（4）impacted area, convenient
reserve of talents, well developed
economic connections & easier
infrastructure
market support for industrial growth
（5）facing constructive problems
（5）higher proportion of agricultural
population than national average but
lower than western areas
（6）absolute poverty basically eliminated
and therefore development has
become the priority。
Main
Background ：The Changing China
Gov. Initiative
Foreign Investment Made in China
Overview
East
others
Business Independent Innovation
National
Strategies Since
80’s
Population
●
78’
Costal Cities
Arable land
●
91’
STIPs
99’
Western Development
03’
North-east
04’
Central Areas
Natural
Resources
●
Economy
●
S&T Strength
●
●
Created in China
Background：The Changing China
Gov. Initiative
Foreign Investment Made in China Business Independent Innovation Created in China
Independent
Innovation
Made in China： No. 1 Manufacturer
and Exporter in most industries
•Toys
•Shoes
•Color TV
•Air Conditioner
•Textile
70%
50%
45%
30%
24%
Trade Volume/GDP: 60%(03’);
64%(05’)
Excessive investment into
processing trade (OEM), resulting
in, labor, land and resources
intensive lower-end products
Tech
Policy
Talents
Created
in China
Capital
Market
Adjustment of Industrial
Construction
Moving up to higher end in the
Value Chains
Background
1. Why STIPs

Breakthrough difficulties of lower-end manufacturing clusters;

Limited areas selected to concentrate policies and resources to
congregate higher-end value chains to realize the “breakthrough”；

To promote the transformation of technology results and encourage
indigenous innovation and entrepreneurship

To promote the commercialization of new & high-tech achievements, the
industrialization of new & high-tech products and the internationalization
of new & high-tech industries (China Torch Program)
2. The goal of STIPs：Innovation clusters
STIPs-Milestones
Deng Xiaoping: Develop the Hi-technology, and bring it into Industry
Jiang Zemin: To construct the STIPs is the most important pioneering
work in the 20th century.
85’
1st STIP in Shenzhen
88’
1st National STIP in Zhongguncun
91’
26 National STIPs approved
92’
25 National STIPs approved
97’ The 53rd National STIP (agricultural,
Yangling, Shanxi)
07’
The 54th National STIP (Ningbo)
Locations
STIPs-Favourable locations：
• 29 in central cities with intensive
intellectual resources and sound
industrial bases
• 13 in coastal cities with better
conditions of opening-up to
outside world
• 12 in the cities with intensive
military industries and traditional
industrial bases.
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Current Situation
Administration Scheme
Innovation cluster
The reason for existence and goal for development of STIPs in China
 An innovation cluster is a pool of innovation resources. The highly efficient operation
mechanism resulted from long-term competition and cooperation as well as the everimproving innovation circumstance makes it possible for an innovation cluster to
continuously attract innovation resources including talents and capital, etc.
 An innovation clusters is a network within which various innovation players are linked
via value chain or industrial chain. Competition and cooperation makes the players
more and more synchronized and a symbiotic ecosystem is gradually established.
 An innovation cluster is an interest community. The enterprises in the cluster compete
with each other to obtain the maximum benefit within the cluster and this “small
competition” is usually temporary while the unified competition with external industrial
counterparts is to dominate the higher-end of the global value chain and such
competition is for survival and permanent.
 An innovation cluster is the headstream of innovation. The players in the cluster share
the new technology and products brought out by the revolving process of combination,
communication, cooperation and competition.
 An innovation cluster is an innovation-oriented opening society. The innovation culture
is gradually rooted in the cluster by the convergence of innovative and entrepreneurial
spirits of the players. As a result of the moving in and moving out of the different
players driven by this culture, the cluster becomes a vigorous innovation headstream.
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in
STIPs
1.
Apparent conglomeration of higher-end industries
 About 150 industrial cluster among 1300 cluster across the
country, mainly in new & high-tech sectors
 STIPs have attracted quite a number higher-end clusters in
the sectors of hi-tech service, software, IC, new energy, biopharmaceutical, optical-telecom, etc.
 Typical clusters:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Zhongguancun(Beijing): Creative & software industry
Donghu(Wuhan): optoelectronics
Zhangjiang(Shanghai): IC and pharmaceutical
Tianjin: biotech and new energy
Shenzhen: telecommunication
Zhengzhou: Super-hard materials
…
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in
STIPs
Main Features
 Industrial scale and brand name being formed,
gradually penetrating into international market
 Comparatively complete industrial value chain
 Innovation system basically shaped up
 Moving up to higher end of value chain
 New industries emerge continuously
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in
STIPs
2.
The technology innovation system is forming up
 Human resources: The STIPs have attracted
•
•
•
•
•


560,000 technological people
52,103 master graduates,
9,358 PHDs
5,615 returned overseas scholars
1, 330,000 college graduates (accounting for 1/3 of 4 million
employees in all national STIPs)
More than 250 Technology Business incubators and a
batch of postdoctoral working station have been sep up
R&D Strength
•
•
R&D investment: 8 times higher than national average
R&D investment per capita: 6 times higher than national average
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in
STIPs
2. The technology innovation system is forming up (Cont.)
– Closer cooperation between university, research
institutions and STIPs
– Local Innofund and VC Fund of funds are being set
up in STIPs
– Networking such as industrial technology alliances
are coming forth
– International cooperation prevalent
The Development Status of Innovation Clusters in
STIPs
3. Challenges:
 Endogenetic mechanism and entrepreneurial
environment still to be perfected; innovation capacity of
enterprises still insufficient due to lack of core or key
technologies
 Business relevancy not high, more focus on
“conglomeration” than “clusters”, which in most cases
are still in primary phases
 Industrial features and advantages not prominent, lower
end of the value chain
 Unbalanced development among regions and areas with
significant differences
Policies
Latest Policies
 Income tax exemption for first 2 years since profit-making and a reduced
tax rate at 15% for the 3rd year on
 Exemptions of operation, income, property and land use taxes within a
certain period for ratified Technology Business Incubators and National
University Science Parks
 Pilot OTC (over the counter) system in Zhongguancun for unlisted high-tech
companies
Policies
New Historical Mission: A quaternity positioning
Strategies for future development
“Strengthening the capacity of independent innovation
and building an innovation-based country”- A national
target proposed by the central government at the
beginning of 2006.
 A technological innovation system is to be established
within which
• The enterprises will be the main players
• The market-orientation will be kept and
• The cooperation between industry, educational and research side
will be strengthened
Strategies for future development
“The Compendium of the National Long Term Science and
Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)” and its
supplementary policies will facilitate the establishment of
the technological innovation system by improving the
overall conditions:
 R&D Investment
 Tax Incentives
 Financial Support
 Government Purchase
 Re-innovation based on absorbing new technology from
abroad and independent digestion
 Creation and Protection of Intellectual Properties
Policy Improvement & Network Building
1. To improve the policy environment of STIPs
 Preferential fiscal and financial policies
 Intellectual Property Protection
 Government Purchase
2. To construct the service networks (which are the key
part to promote the development of innovation clusters)
 To attract intermediary service providers into the parks
 To construct the information service network
 To set up various business associations and clubs
Promoting Interaction & Partnership
3. To promote the cluster-model innovation
activities
The soul of the innovation clusters is the clustering innovation
among the enterprises and so we have to
 Support the leading business and nurture SMEs to bring
into full play of their respective innovation advantages.
 Increase the investment into guiding fund to attract more
social capital to sustain the long term and continual
innovation
 Attract and train the high-end professionals to ensure the
nonexhausted innovation headspring
 Encourage the inner and outer cooperation between the
businesses, universities and research institutions to integrate
them into an interest community
 Set up various industrial technology alliances industry to
break up the common technology barriers
Ind. Edu.
& Res.
Technology
Policy
People
Innovation
Clusters
Capital
Market
Industrial Alliances
Strengthening International Cooperation
4. To establish service platforms for international
cooperation
 Innovation clusters are an open clusters and the
international capital, technology, human resources and
information are all the propelling power for their
development and growth. Therefore, all the STIPs in China
are establishing various service platforms to make full
use of the international innovation resources including
capital, technology, information and talented people.
ZhongGuancun park
Zhongguancun Park
The First National STIP in China
Zhongguancun Science Park
the embryonic period: 1980－1988
the development period: 1988-1999
the growth period: 1999 to now
Leadership: more than 10,000 enterprises in the park and the total
economic volume of the park is leading the 54 state-level high-tech
areas in the whole country
RIS: Haidian Park has maintained its leading position in the regional
economy and the comparison among the multiple parks in
ZhongGuancun Science Park.
“Ten parks”: 232 square kilometers
No. of High-tech Companies at ZGC Park
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
22000
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Growth of Total Income
Hundred
million yuan
亿元
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
80
Total income
总收入
70
Growth rate
增长速度
60
%
50
40
30
20
10
9
19
4
9
19
5
9
19
6
9
19
7
9
19
8
9
19
9
0
20
0
0
20
1
0
20
2
0
20
3
0
20
4
0
20
5
0
20
6
0
20
7
Income structure
0.1%
Other
44.7% Sino-foreign joint
3.9%
0.1%
10.9% joint stock limited
State-owned Collectively-owned
company
ventures, Sino-foreign
cooperative enterprises and
wholly foreign-owned
enterprises
32.6% limited liability
company
7.6% private enterprises
State-owned
国有
集体
Collectivelyowned
股份有限
Joint stock limited
company
有限责任
Limited liability
company
私营
Private
enterprises
Sino-foreign joint
ventures, Sinoforeign cooperative
enterprises and
wholly foreignowned enterprises
三资
Other
其他
Industrial Structure
 electronics and
information
manufacturing
industry
 optical, mechanical
and electronic
integration
 New material, new
energy and
environment science

new medicine
bioengineering
 others
Structure of Revenue
 electronics and
information
manufacturing
industry
 optical, mechanical
and electronic
integration
 new medicine
bioengineering
 New material, new
energy and
environment science
 others
Total revenue and Gross industrial output value
100million
Taxes and Foreign exchange-earning
Companies with operating income greater than 100million
Success factors
Talents Circulation
S&T Network with Univs and Institutes
Capital: Foreign investment
R&D expense
Preferential policies
International Cooperation
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