Transcript Document
Advancing chp/district heating in Russia O. Lebedev, V. Semenov and V. Papushkin Advancing chp/district heating in Russia 2 strategy of Russian energetic strategy: •Strategy of increasing oil and gas and building new thermal sources, •Increasing of energetic resources using increasing energetic efficiency . Potential 50% by energy and 55% by electricity energy. Россия Россия Канада США Китай Мир США Китай Мир ЕС-25 ОЭСР Индия Япония Япония Индия 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 тнэ/1000 долл. ВВП по ППС 0,5 0,6 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 кВт-ч/ долл. США в ценах 2000 г. по ППС Сравнение энергоемкости и электроемкости России и зарубежных стран в 2003 г. Данные Международного энергетического агентства 0,70 Advancing chp/district heating in Russia 1200 Электроэнергетика Electro energy млн. тут 1000 800 Heat supplying Системы system теплоснабжения 600 Промышленность Industry 400 Здания Building 200 Рациональное Energy efficient энергопотребление strategy 0 полная реализация Potential потенциала realization фактический Current уровень situation потребления Источник: Центр по эффективному использованию энергии Advancing chp/district heating in Russia District heating 71.5% Extension of Russian heat supplying system 184 000 km (municipal 94 400 km) 34 000 needed to be replaced. Mean age 13 years, wear – 65%. Heat generation using Cogeneration more 30% Full power generation using cogeneration plants 48,1% Quantity of cogeneration plants 268 federal, 264 municipal, 179898 boilers (efficiency 67% ). Quantity of heat supplying organizations in Russia 17412 Advancing chp/district heating in Russia Cogeneration plant Current efficiency of heat-electric generating -30% 900 Fuel economy potential for 800 power generation at cogeneration plant is 30 millions of reference fuel 600 tones including 19 billions m3 of natural gas 500 400 свыше 300 300 от 240 до 300 200 до 240 гут/КВТ-ч число ТЭЦ 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 50 0 100 100 0 гут/кВт-ч Efficiency 700 Cogeneration plants использованию энергии Источник: Центр по эффектиному Advancing chp/district heating in Russia Heat supplying system System problems: 1. Absence of municipal energetic plans for efficient relations between “big” and “small” energetic with fuel supplying systems; 2. capacity imbalance of heat loaded thermal sources with the Surplus of capacity of thermal sources in many systems; 3. overrunning load of heat load of consumer; 4. Surplus of centralization of many Heat supplying system 5. High losses of Heat supplying system; 6. Misbalancing of Heat supplying system; 7. Lack of motivation of cost reduction; 8. Lack of qualified staff especially on distant regions. Key point of reconstruction (using Kyoto protocol too): 1. Modernization of district Heat supplying system with high density of heat load; 2. Particial decentralization of heat supplying system; 3. Full decentralization of many local heat supplying system with low density of heat load.