Transcript שקופית 1 - ort.org.il

‫סקירה של שרירי שלד עיקריים‬
Frontalis
O: galea aponeurotica
I: eyebrows
F: raise eyebrows, pull
scalp anteriorly
Occipitalis
O: occipital & temporal bones
I: galea aponeurotica
F: pull scalp posteriorly
Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal, maxillary bones
I: eyelids
F: close eyes
Orbicularis oris
O: muscles around mouth
I: lips
F: close, purse lips
Buccinator
O: maxilla & mandible
I: orbicularis oris
F: compress cheek
Temporalis
O: squamous portion of
temporal bone
I: mandible
F: elevate mandible
Muscles of mastication
Temporalis •
O: temporal fossa –
I: coronoid process –
of mandible
Action: elevate and –
retract mandible
(11.7a)
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch
I: angle of mandible
F: elevate mandible
Muscles of mastication
Masseter •
O: zygomatic arch –
I: angle & ramus of –
mandible
Action: elevate –
mandible
(11.7a)
Zygomaticus
O: zygomatic
I: corner of mouth
F: smile
Sternocleidomastoid
O: sternum & clavicle
I: mastoid of temporal bone
F: flex and rotate head
Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid
•
O: manubrium & medial –
clavicle
I: mastoid process of –
temporal bone
Action: head & neck –
flexion, rotate head
contralaterally
(11.8a)
Muscles of neck & throat
Sternocleidomastoid
•
Platysma
O: fascia over Pec. major, Deltoid
I: mandible & skin
F: depress lip & mandible
Shoulder muscles
Pectoralis major
O: medial clavicle, –
sternum, cartilage of
ribs 1-6, aponeurosis
of external oblique
I: greater tubercle of –
humerus
Action: arm-flexion, –
medial rotation,
adduction, elevation
of rib cage
•
(11.13a)
Superficial thorax muscles
Pectoralis minor •
O:anterior surface •
of ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process –
of scapula
Action: with ribs –
fixed, pulls scapula
anterior & inferior;
with scapula fixed,
pulls ribs superiorly
(11.13a)
Subclavius
Small, round muscles •
O: 1st rib at costal cartilage •
I: Middle third of clavicle •
A: Anchors and depresses •
clavicle
Protects subclavian artery if •
clavicle fractures
Superificial
thorax muscles
Trapezius
•
O: occipital bone, –
ligamentum nuchae, C7T12 spinous processes
I: acromion, spine of –
scapula, lateral third of
clavicle
Action: stabilize, elevate, –
adduct, depress scapula,
extend head
(11.13b)
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: ribs, thoracic & lumbar vertebra, iliac crest of coxal bone
Insertion: humerus
Action: humerus extension, adduction, medial rotation
Levator scapulae
O: cervical vertebrae
I: scapula
F: elevate scapula, rotate neck
Shoulder muscles
Deltoid
•
O: lateral clavicle, –
acromion & spine of
scapula (compare to
insertion of trapezius)
I: deltoid tuberosity –
of humerus
Action: arm- –
abduction, flexion,
extension, medial &
lateral rotation
(11.13ab)
Abdominal wall
muscles
Rectus abdominis
•
O: pubic crest & symphysis –
I: xiphoid process and –
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action: flex & rotate lumbar –
vertebrae, fix & depress
ribs, stabilize pelvis during
walking, increase
intraabdominal pressure
Note: 3 tendinous –
insertions, aponeurosis &
linea alba
(11.11ab)
External oblique
Origin: lower ribs
Insertion: linea alba; iliac and pubic crests of coxal bone
Action: abdomenal compression, vertebral flexion, trunk rotation,
lateral vertebral flexion
Muscles of Anterior Abdominal Wall
External Obliques •
I: aponeurosis to linea alba
O: lower 8 ribs –
Function: Flex trunk, compress abd. wall (together) 
Rotate trunk (separate sides)
Internal Obliques •
O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament –
I: Linea alba, pubic crest, last 3-4 ribs, costal margin –
Function: Same as External obliques –
Transversus Abdominis •
O:same as Internals, plus last 6 ribs
I: Xiphoid process, costal cart. 5-7 –
Function: Compress abdomen –
Rectus Abdominis •
I: Xiphoid, cost cart 5-7 O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis –
Function: Flex, rotate trunk, compress abdomen, fix ribs –
Hip & knee
muscles
Gluteus muscles •
O: ilium, sacrum, –
coccyx
I: shaft & greater –
trochanter of femur
Action: extend –
thigh (climb stairs,
running), lateral &
medial rotate thigh,
abduct thigh,
steadies pelvis
(11.20ab)
Gluteus maximus
Origin: saccrum, coccyx, and ilium of coxal bone
Insertion: femur & iliotibial tract
Action: femur extension & lateral rotation
Hip & knee muscles
Quadriceps •
femoris
O: anterior inferior –
iliac spine, superior
margin of
acetabulum, greater
trochanter, shaft of
femur
I: patella and tibial –
tuberosity via patellar
tendon
Action: extend knee, –
flex thigh
11.19a
Hip & knee muscles
Hamstrings •
O: ischial tuberosity,
shaft of femur
I: lateral & medial
condyles and shaft of
tibia, head of fibula,
lateral condyle femur
Action: extend thigh,
flex knee
Makes touching toes
hard
–
–
–
–
(11.20a)
Biceps Femoris
Extends Thigh &
Flexes Lower Leg
Elbow muscles
Biceps brachii
•
O: short head-coracoid –
process, long headtubercle above glenoid
cavity and lip of glenoid
cavity (intertubercular
groove)
I: radial tuberosity –
Action: flex elbow, –
supinate forearm, weak
arm flexor
(11.14c)
O: humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna
F: flex forearm
Brachialis
Elbow muscles
Triceps brachii
•
O: long head- •
infraglenoid tubercle,
lat. & med. headsposterior shaft of
humerus
I: olecranon process –
of ulna
Action: extend –
forearm, assist
adduction of arm
(11.14b)
Leg muscles
Tibialis •
anterior
O: lateral condyle –
and shaft of tibia
I: tarsal and first –
metatarsal bones
Action: dorsiflexion –
(11.21ab)
Anterior Compartment of the Leg
Extensor
digitorum longus
Tibialis
anterior
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis
longus
Extensor digitorum longus = extension of toes & ankle •
Extensor hallucis longus = extension of big toe & ankle •
Fibularis tertius = dorsiflexes and everts foot •
Tibialis anterior = dorsiflexes and inverts foot •
Leg muscles
Gastrocnemius
O: medial & lateral –
condyles of femur
I: calcaneus via Achilles –
tendon
Action: plantar flexion, –
flex knee
•
(11.23a)
Posterior Compartment of the Leg
Deep Group of Plantar Flexors
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, and Flexor •
hallucis longus and are plantar flexors.
Forearm muscles
Flexor carpi (radialis
& ulnaris)
O: medial –
epicondyle of
humerus, ulna
I: metacarpals and –
carpals
Action: wrist –
flexion, abduct &
adduct hand
Carpal tunnel –
syndrome p. 184
•
(11.15a)
Anterior view
Forearm muscles
Extensor carpi •
O: lateral epicondyle of –
humerus
I: base of metacarpals –
Action: extend, abduct, –
and adducts wrist
Palpate forearm –
muscles
11.16a Posterior View