Transcript OECD Counterfeiting & Piracy Project

Measuring Counterfeiting and Piracy
Cancun, 1 – 3 December 2009
Piotr Stryszowski
Structural Policy Division
Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry
OECD
The views expressed are those of the author in his private capacity and do not
necessarily represent those of the OECD or its Member governments.
The OECD Project
Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy
Phase 1: Counterfeit and pirated products
• Tangible products that infringe trademarks, copyrights, patents or
design rights.
• Report published in May 2008
• Quantitative update published in November 2009
Phase 2: Digital piracy
• Digitally transmitted pirated products (i.e., piracy not involving hard
media).
• Report published in June 2009
Phase 3: Other IPR infringements
• Yet to be scoped and funded.
Measurement
Measurement needs rigorous methodologies
• Magnitude – issue of measurement unit (volume, value,
number of seizures)
• Effects – on employment, profits, growth, etc.
Data is hard to find
• activities are illicit and clandestine
• existing data is sparse, incomplete and inconsistent
So far measurement of counterfeiting and piracy is a data
driven exercise (not methodology based)
OECD Project of counterfeiting an piracy
Phase 1: Counterfeit and pirated products
Tangible products that infringe trademarks, copyrights, patents or
design rights
Co-operation with governments, business (e.g. BASCAP), civil
society and international institutions, (WCO, WIPO, Interpol, at
global and regional level )
Surveys undertaken (governments, industry, customs authorities with
the assistance of the World Customs Organisation, WCO)
Methodology developed to assess the magnitude of the problem in
international trade, principally using statistics on customs seizures
• Global scale
• All industries (HS categories)
Magnitude of the problem
Absolute
figure
Customs data
Customs data
Customs data
Customs data
Trade data
“T.R.I.C.”
matrix
Indices
products,
economies
Magnitude of the problem (index)
Seizures of imported counterfeit and pirated
products from the top 20 source economies
Region of top 20
source economies
Number of source
economies in region
Seizures
(% of total)
Asia (excl. Middle East)
Middle East
Africa
Europe
North America
South America
12
2
2
2
1
1
69.7
4.1
1.8
1.7
1.1
0.8
Top sources
20
79.2
Magnitude of the problem (index)
Seizure Rate of Goods
by Harmonised System Chapters
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
HS Description of HS chapter
61,62
85
42
64
24
91
95
90
48
94
71
96
65
84
33
Seizure
World trade
pct. million USD pct
Paper & paperboard, articles of paper pulp
Furniture, bedding, cushions, lamps & lightning fittings, illuminated signs, nameplates & the like,…
Pearls, stones, prec. metals, imitation jewelry, coins
Miscellaneous manufactured articles
Headgear & other parts
Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery & mechanical appliances, computers
Oils & resinoids, perfumery, cosmetics or toilet preparations
30.6
26.8
7.9
5.4
5.4
4.0
3.7
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
247,851
1,264,702
34,777
64,153
24,346
22,974
70,264
293,642
128,237
119,531
165,441
17,567
4,738
1,212,512
49,240
2.8
14.3
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.8
3.3
1.5
1.4
1.9
0.2
0.1
13.7
0.6
Top 5 product headings
All product headings above
76.1
94.6
1,635,828
3,719,972
18.5
42.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories
Electrical machinery & equip. & parts, telecommunication equip., sound recorders, television recorders
Articles of leather, saddlery & harness, travel goods, handbags, articles of gut
Footwear, gaiters, & the like
Tobacco & manufactured tobacco substitutes
Clocks & watches & parts thereof
Toys, games & sports equip., parts & accessories
Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, checking, precision, medical or surgical instruments & accessories
Magnitude of the problem (absolute number)
Up to US$ 200 billion of international trade could have
been in counterfeit or pirated products in 2005
The figure does not include
– domestically produced and consumed products
– non-tangible pirated digital products
If added, the figure could be several hundred billion dollars
higher
Earlier figure of 5-7% of world trade lacks rigorous foundation and
could not be confirmed or disproved
Magnitude of the problem
• Update of quantitative Phase I results
(November 2009)
• Trade data 2000-2007
NEW
Trade data
2000-2007
“T.R.I.C.”
matrix
Absolute
figure
Indices
products,
economies
Magnitude of the problem (absolute number)
Trade in counterfeit and pirated goods grew steadily
over the period 2000 – 2007
It could amount to up to USD 250 billion in 2007
USD 300 bn
USD 250 bn
USD 200 bn
USD 150 bn
USD 100 bn
USD 50 bn
USD 0 bn
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Magnitude of the problem (absolute number)
The share of counterfeit and pirated goods in world trade
is also estimated to have increased from 1.85% in
2000 to 1.95% in 2007.
2.05%
2.00%
1.95%
1.90%
1.85%
1.80%
1.75%
1.70%
1.65%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
These figures do not include domestically produced and consumed
products, or non-tangible pirated digital products.
Improving data collection
• This study has highlighted just how poor data really is.
• Governments and industry can help by maximizing the
value of data by ensuring that it is
– systematically collected
– comparable
– Comprehensive
• The reporting framework developed by the World
Customs Organization (WCO) offers a useful template
by other law enforcement agencies and industry
• Many cited estimates of the scope and magnitude (and
especially impact) of counterfeiting and piracy appear to
be guesswork.
for further information
>>> Contact us
Piotr Stryszowski
Directorate for Science,
Technology and Industry
OECD
2, rue André-Pascal
75775 Paris CEDEX 16
France
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (+33) 1 4524 9130
Fax: (+33) 1 4430 6257
Website: www.oecd.org/sti/counterfeiting