Transcript Slide 1

Unit 3.5
NEW FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Unit 3.5 Standards
 SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses
of the Articles of Confederation and its aspects that led to the
constitutional convention.
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the
Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan,
Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises
regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs.
federal power, empowering a president)
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and opposition (Federalists,
Federalist Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights) to ratification
of the U.S. Constitution.
Warm up Activity:
1. What Unit of Study have you most
enjoyed so far?
2. What is the reason we celebrate on
the 4th of July?
3. OCSR: Who was the main person
responsible for writing the
Declaration of Independence?
4. Define: Mercenary, Patriot
Question:
 What can you do to improve your academic
vocabulary?
Unit III.5 Vocabulary (15pts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Constitution
11.
Bicameral
Republic
12.
Petition
Ordinance
13.
Depreciate
Depression
14.
Proportional
15.
Compromise
Enlightenment
Federalism
Electoral College
Legislative
If you copy the definitions
Branch
directly from the text book, you
Executive
will only receive 50% of the
Branch
points. Use your own words to
define.
Judicial
Vocab Poster = 5pts.
Branch
Word
Amendment
Ratify
Definition: This is where
you write the definition of
the word. USE YOUR
OWN WORDS, NOT THE
TEXTBOOK DEFINITION.
Warm up Activity:
1. How do you think the Government
has changed over the past 200 years?
2. Who do you think the most powerful
people in government are? Why?
3. OCSR: What event occurred first,
the Boston Tea Party, or the Boston
Massacre?
4. Define: Republic, Amendment
Question:
 What are the three branches of our
modern day government?
Unit 3.5 Timeline Activity (30pts)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Articles of Confederation
Written.***
U.S. Constitution Ratified***
Treaty of Paris
French Revolution Begins
France goes to war against
Britain.
Shay’s Rebellion.***
Using your textbook;
1. Put these events in the
right chronological
order,
2. Also include a picture
symbolizing EACH event.
3. and write 2-3 sentences
briefly describing the
events marked with ***.
Unit III.5 Timeline Poster Homework
Your event should look
similar to those on the wall
 Your homework
assignment is to find an  already.
Included must be;

event dating from
1000BC-1000 AD
 NOT ON THE
TIMELINE PROJECT
and create a poster
board event.
 Date, name of event, picture.
 Sheet should be
approximately ¼ sheet of
paper.
 Some projects may be put
onto the timeline wall.
 I encourage you to look for
really cool interesting events.
Warm up Activity:
1. What was the first official
government in our country?
2. How long did the Articles of
Confederation last?
3. OCSR: What battle of the
American Revolution was
considered a ‘turning point’
4. Define: Depreciate,
Depression
Question:
 What were the last three states
to become states, and when?
Map Project (15pts)
 You will receive a blank map of the fifty states.
 For each state please include;
 Name
 Date became a state
 Capital
 The 13 Original Colonies should all be colored the
same color! Others you do not have to color
Warm up Activity:
1. What is the current document that
establishes the basis of America’s
laws called?
2. How many states were there when
the Articles of Confederation was
created??
3. OCSR: Who was the main person
responsible for writing the
Declaration of Independence?
4. Define: Bicameral, Republic
Question:
 When was the Articles of Confederation
written? When did the U.S. Constitution take
its place?
 SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths,
and weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation and its aspects that led to the
constitutional convention.
Not United
 Even though the Colonies had
won their independence, they
were hardly a united nation.
 By 1780 every state had their own
Constitution or body of laws.

They did this because they were scared
to have any one person hold to much
power… Why would they be scared?

They just rebelled from a King.
King George III
Further Steps to divide power
 The states also established
divided government functions
to dilute the source of
power.
 They had a Governor as well
as a legislature.
Formation of a Republic
 As each state quickly created their
own constitution, they were slow
to create a united nation.
 They did all agree however that
they were to create a Republic.

A government in which citizens rule
through elected representatives.
 They couldn’t agree on the
organization and types of powers
this republic would have.
America’s First Attempt at Government
 March 1, 1781 The Articles of




Confederation was put into effect.
Creating the United States.
STATES remained the holders of the
majority of power.
Each state was still basically its own
independent nation held together by a
WEAK central government.
Under the AoC if the central government
wanted to do anything they had to get the
states approval.
Under the AoC there was a WEAK
central government and almost all
powers laid with the states.
The Confederation Government
 1781-1789 The confederation
years
 Weaknesses



No strong central government
Couldn’t pass laws unless 9/13 states
voted yes.
Couldn’t Amend the AoC unless 13/13
states voted yes.
 Some things it did…


Expanded foreign trade
Established policies for expanding
westward.
Democracy vs. Republic Venn Diagram
Warm up Activity:
1. How long were the Articles of
Confederation the document that
established law in the U.S.A?
2. In your opinion what was an
important achievement established
by the AoC?
3. OCSR: What was the first battle of
the American Revolution?
4. Define: Petition, Compromise.
Question:
 Do you see a problem with every
city/town/county/state being able to print
their own money? Why or why not.
 SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure,
strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation and its aspects that led to
the constitutional convention.
The Northwest Ordinance
 Passed in 1787 established a single North
West Territory out of the lands north of
the Ohio river, and east of the Mississippi
river.
 This land was to be divided into 3-5 more
smaller territories.
 When these territories had 60,000 people
they could petition to join the Union as a
State.
 Did not allow slaves or indentured
servants in any new lands. This is
Americas first attempt to limit/stop
slavery.
A major weakness of the AoC
 The AoC had so little power
that they could not deal with
the countries financial
problems.
 The central government could
not impose taxes, so they
printed paper money.
 The central government and
the states printed their OWN
paper money.
 This led to inflation…
George Washington’s view on the AoC
 George Washington
described the government as
“little more than the shadow
without the substance”
 What does that mean?
 Americans started to realize
they needed a stronger
central government.
The Issue of Slavery
 By 1786 11 of the 13 states (all
except South Carolina and
Georgia) Outlawed, or heavily
taxed the importation of
enslaved people.
 Although slaves were not really
used in the North, it was still
legal.
 In 1787 the North
Abolished Slavery.
The Constitutional Convention
 55 Delegates gathered in
Philadelphia in May 1787. To revise
the AoC
 Important people: George
Washington, Benjamin Franklin
(Who was 80), James Wilson,
Gouverneur Morris (wrote the final
draft of the US Constitution),
James Madison (called the Father
of the Constitution).
 Articles of Confederation Handout
Warm up Activity:
1. Even though slaves were no longer
able to be imported into the Americas
did that mean slavery had stopped?
2. When was slavery abolished in the
North?
3. OCSR: What happened to the
English colony at Roanoke?
4. Define: Compromise,
Proportional.
Question:
 If you were from a large state what plan
would you support and why?
 If you were from a small state what plan
would you support and why?
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the
Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia
Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise,
compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral
College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)
Setting the Stage
 The convention was to revise the AoC… however that is
not what happened.
 They established rules for how the meetings would
progress.
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


George Washington was selected to preside over the meetings.
Each state would have one vote.
Majority vote
No meetings unless 7/13 states were represented.
Doors were to remain closed, and the meetings secret from the
public.
The Virginia Plan
 With the rules set, and the
convention underway a radical
idea came forward.
 Edmund Randolph a delegate
from Virginia proposed that the
delegates created a strong central
national government instead of
revising the AoC.
 The Virginia Plan was
introduced.

James Madison was behind this plan.
Edmund Randolph
Virginia Plan Details
 Two-house legislature



Lower house elected by the people.
Upper house chosen by the Lower
House.
Number of reps. Per state dependent on
each states population proportional to
the country.
 A Chief executive chosen by the
legislature
 A court system.
The New Jersey Plan
 Opposition rose quickly to one of the
Virginia Plans key points.

Which point do you think?
 They wanted equal
representation instead of being
given less power because of a
smaller population.
 They also ONLY wanted to amend
and revise the AoC, by giving the
central government new powers such
as taxing and regulation of trade.
The Big Decision
 The convention was at a standstill.
 Until they decided to create a new
Constitution or to Amend/Revise
the AoC they could not continue.
 On June 19th they decided to work
toward a NEW National
Government based off of the
Virginia Plan.

What big problem did they still face?

Representation based off population or
state…
Big Questions
 Don’t write down.
 Large questions now arose which
sparked a lot of debate.
1. How was the congress to be
elected?
2. How would states representation
be in upper and lower houses?
3. Did slaves count as part of the
population?
Warm up Activity:
1. Which type of states would
favor the Virginia Plan?
2. Which type of states would
favor the New Jersey Plan?
3. OCSR: What is the difference
between a Patriot and a loyalist?
4. Define: Amendment,
Electoral College
Question:
 What is your personal opinion about the
3/5ths compromise? How does it make you
feel?
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the
Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia
Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise,
compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral
College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)
The Great Compromise
 Roger Sherman proposed
the Great Compromise.


The lower house (The house of
representatives) would vary
according to the states
population.
The Upper House (The Senate)
each state would have two
members.
The Three-Fifths Compromise
 Should slaves count toward a states
population?
 Why would they want to count the
slaves?

Larger representation in the House of
Representatives.
 The North Objected based on the fact
that the Slaves were treated as property.
 Eventually it was decided that each
slave would count as 3/5 of a person for
both Taxation and Representation.
Bill of Rights
 George Mason of
Virginia proposed that a
bill of rights be added to
the constitution. It was
to ensure that the new
government did not
limit peoples rights.
Amendment Process
 The AoC had required uniramous
approval to Amend. They had
decided that to amend the new
constitution a 9/13 vote would be
needed.
 Therefore when 9/13 states approved
the Constitution the United States
would come into existence.
Plans and Compromises Foldable (20pts)
 Fold your paper into 3 equal parts.
 Left side = Virginia Plan
 Middle = Great Compromise
 Right Side = New Jersey Plan
 Back = 3/5th Compromise
 Each section should include 2-3 sentences/bullets describing
the plan/compromise, and a picture that relates to that event.
Quiz Review Questions (14pts)
Which type of states favored the New Jersey plan, why?
Explain how the Great Compromise included both large and small
states in its plan.
How did the 3/5ths compromise work, why did both the North and
the South Agree to this?
Who asked for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution, and
why did he say it was needed?
What was the original purpose of the constitutional convention,
why did this plan change?
What were the major downfalls of the Articles of Confederation?
What is the difference between a Democracy and a Republic?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
Unit III.5 Vocabulary Cross Word (10pts)
Warm up Activity:
1. What has been your favorite form of
vocabulary review?
2. Should we create vocabulary flash cards
as part of our review of the words?
3. OCSR: What tax was designed to stop
smugglers, and how?
4. Define: Amendment, Petition
Question:
 What are three words that you are really
struggling with (vocab wise) write their
definition out now?
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and
consequences of the Constitutional Convention
(New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great
Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise,
compromises regarding taxation and slave trade,
Electoral College, state vs. federal power,
empowering a president)
Unit III.5 Vocabulary
Bingo!!!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Constitution
Bicameral 7.
Republic 8.
9.
Petition 10.
Ordinance 11.
Depreciate 12.
Depression13.
14.
15.
16.
Proportional
Compromise
Enlightenment
Federalism
Electoral
College
Legislative
Branch
Executive
Branch
Judicial
Branch
Amendment
Ratify
Create a bingo chart similar to the one below. You may
need to use words multiple times. You can’t use any
word more than twice. Place them in a random order!!!
Warm up Activity:
1. What was the first official colony for
Great Britain in the Americas?
2. What was the first permanent
settlement in North America for the
Spanish?
3. OCSR: Which group of people arrived
in N. America before Columbus did?
4. Define: Executive Branch,
Electoral College
Question:
 What did you do to prepare for these
Quizzes?
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and
consequences of the Constitutional Convention
(New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great
Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise,
compromises regarding taxation and slave trade,
Electoral College, state vs. federal power,
empowering a president)
VOCAB QUIZ (16pts)
WHEN YOU GET TO THIS SLIDE DO THE
VOCABULARY BINGO, THEN THE QUIZ THE
FOLLOWING DAY.
QUIZ BREAK
ANYTHING ABOVE THIS SLIDE IS ELIGIBLE
TO BE ON THE QUIZ FOR UNIT III.5.
Warm up Activity:
1. What is an Amendment? What types of
documents would an amendment be
used on?
2. Who came up with the “Great
Compromise”
3. OCSR: What act led towards the
Boston Tea Party?
4. Define: Executive Branch,
Electoral College
Question:
 What other documents and thinkers
throughout time have helped influenced the
U.S. Constitution?
 SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and
consequences of the Constitutional Convention
(New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great
Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise,
compromises regarding taxation and slave trade,
Electoral College, state vs. federal power,
empowering a president)
The Roots of the Constitution
 The U.S. Constitution was the first document of its kind.
However it had many ideas and theories that had been
talked, and written about for many, many years dating back
to Ancient Greece.

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


Ancient Greece talked about democracy
Ancient Rome practiced a republic
Magna Carta (1215) limited powers of kings
English Bill of Rights (1689)
Englightenment Ideas.
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu.
 Montesquie wrote The Spirit of Laws this book outlined the separation
of powers in government. IMPORTANT*****

Shared Powers
 The Constitution created a federal system of government
and divided powers between the Federal government, and
the States.
 Shared Powers


Federalism: sharing of power between the federal and state
governments.
The Federal government could;
Tax, trade, control money, raise an army, declare war, pass laws.
 However the states could…
 Pass laws and regular trade inside their borders, establish local
governments, schools, and anything else that effected the welfare of
their citizens.
 Both Federal and State governments could tax and build roads.

The Constitution
 The constitution was to be;
 “The Supreme
Law of The
Land”

The final and supreme
authority.
Organization of Government
 Following the ideas set forth by
Montesquieu they decided to
separate the powers of government.
 The Framers established three
parts of the Federal Government.



Legislative
Executive
Judicial

Hand out Unit III.5 Study Guide
(Due when we take exam)
Warm up Activity:
1. What is federalism?
2. What is the “Supreme Law of
the Land”
3. OCSR: Why were the colonist
upset about taxation without
representation?
4. Define: Constitution,
Enlightenment.
Question:
 What are two different forms of
Checks-and-balances?
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and opposition
(Federalists, Federalist Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill
of Rights) to ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Three Branches of Government Project
 You will create groups of three, and be





assigned a branch of government by me.
You will need to include at least 15 facts about
your branch of government.
Your poster board should be cut to represent
your branch of government.
SEVERAL pictures should be on your poster
board.
EVERYONE MUST PARTICIPATE, your team
will give you a Grade at the end of the period.
You must also describe TWO powers you have
over each of the other two branches.
Warm up Activity:
1. What branch of government
creates the laws?
2. What branch of government
enforces the laws?
3. OCSR: What was the Final
battle of the American
Revolution?
4. Define: Amendment,
Ordinance.
Question:
 What is the point of having the Federal
Government split into three distinct
branches? Who favored the
Constitution, who did not favor the
constitution?
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and opposition
(Federalists, Federalist Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill
of Rights) to ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
Legislative Branch
 Article I of the Constitution.
 Lawmaking branch of the government.
 Composed of the House of
Representatives and the Senate.


House is proportional to the population of each
state.
The Senate has 2 senators from each state.
 The Congress can

Collect taxes, make money, regulate trade,
declare war, raise and support an army.
Executive Branch
 They didn’t want a super strong
leader.. Why?

Memories of a Tyrant King
 They did know that they needed some
form of strong government from their
fail AoC.
 Article II of the Constitution set
up the Executive Branch.


Headed by a President
Responsibilities include carrying out the
nations laws and policies, serving as
commander in chief of the armed forces,
and conducting relations with foreign
countries.
Judicial Branch
 Article III of the U.S.
Constitution
 Deals with the court system
of the United States.
 The us Supreme Court and
the Federal Courts deal with
laws passed by Congress and
disputes between states.
Checks and Balances
 By splitting the power of the government into three branches
each branch has roles and powers that check the other
branches.
 Example:
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

Both the House and Senate must approve for something to become a
law. (Legislative)
A president (executive) may veto (cancel) a law passed by the congress.
The Congress can OVERRIDE the president.
 Another Example
 The President picks the members of the supreme court…
 HOWEVER the Senate must approve the appointments.
Ratifying the Constitution
 Before the Constitution could go into
effect 9/13 states needed to Ratify
(approve) it.
 Supporters of the Constitution were called
Federalists.

George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James
Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay were
Federalists. (All well known important figures)
 Those who opposed ratification of the
Constitution were called Antifederalists.

Their main argument was that the Constitution
took away the rights they had fought to win from
Britain.
Bill of Rights… Again.
 One of the biggest concerns
“We have struggled for liberty and
made costly sacrifices… and there are
still many among us who value liberty
too much to relinquish… the rights of
man for the dignity of government.”
of the Constitutions is that
it lacked a Bill of Rights.
 Several states announced
that they would not ratify
the Constitution without a
bill of rights. Why?

To protect individual freedoms.
Ratification
 In 1790 the U.S.
Constitution was ratified.
 1791 Bill of Rights was
added to the
Constitution.
Warm up Activity:
1. What do you think the most important
amendment is? Why?
2. Why did many of the colonies require
a bill of rights be added before
ratifying the U.S. Constitution?
3. OCSR: What do you think the major
cause of the American Revolution was,
and why?
4. Define: Constitution,
Federalism
Question:
 What are checks and balances?
Provide two examples.
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and
opposition (Federalists, Federalist
Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights)
to ratification of the U.S.
Constitution.
Three Branches of Government Tri-Fold (30pts)
 You will create a tri-fold
(brochure) about the three
branches of government.
 On the right is an example
of how you will create this
project, and what is
required.
The Executive Branch
Here you will list the major
powers and structure of the
branch. (Ex, who is in
charge, how they are put in
charge, and what they are
expected to do.)
Below you will list two
powers they have over
EACH other branch (total of
4)
Bill of Rights Project (20pts)
 Utilizing your text book write the
Bill of Rights out in the correct
order.
 NUMBER each amendment, and
draw a picture that represents
each amendment.
 Also, write 2-3 sentences for
EACH amendment describing
WHY that amendment is
important to the country.
Amendment
Picture
representing the
Amendment
2-3
Sentences
explaining
the
importance
of the
amendment
Warm up Activity:
1. What do you think the least important
amendment in the Bill of Rights is?
Why?
2. What do you believe is the most
important branch of government?
Why?
3. OCSR: How did Samuel Adams
contribute to the American
Revolution?
4. Define: Amendment, Bicameral
Question:
 What were the Framers main goals in
creating the constitution?
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and
opposition (Federalists, Federalist
Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights)
to ratification of the U.S.
Constitution.
The Bill of Rights Amendments 1-10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, assembly, and
press, and the right of people to petition the
government.
Protects the rights of states to maintain a militia and
of citizens to bear arms.
Restricts quartering of troops in private homes.
Protects against “unreasonable searches and seizures”
Assures the right not to be deprived of “life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law.
Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial
jury.
7. Assures the right to a jury trial in cases involving the common law
(the law established by previous court decisions.
8. Protects against excessive bail, or cruel and unusual punishment.
9. Provides that people’s rights are not restricted to those specified in
the first eight Amendments.
10. Restates the constitutions principle of federalism by providing that
powers not granted to the national government nor prohibited to
the states are reserved to the states and to the people.
6.
The Constitution
 These goals guided the Framers as they created the
constitution.
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
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
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To Form a more perfect Union
To establish justice
To insure domestic tranquility
To provide for the Common Defense
To Promote general Welfare
To secure the Blessings of Liberty.
Major Principles of the Constitution
Popular sovereignty
People are the source of the government’s power.
Republicanism
People elect their political representatives.
Limited Government
The Constitution limits the actions of government by specifically
listing powers it does and does not have.
Federalism
In this government system, power is divide between national and
state governments.
Separation of Powers
Each of the three branches of government has its own
responsibilities.
Checks and Balances
Each branch of government holds some control over the other two
branches
Individual Rights
Basic liberties and rights of all citizens are guaranteed in the Bill of
Rights.
Enumerated Powers
• Regulate Trade
• Coin money
• Provide an army and
navy.
•Conduct foreign
affairs.
•Set up federal courts.
Concurrent
Powers
• Enforce the laws
•Establish Courts
•Collect Taxes
• Borrow Money
• Provide for the
General Welfare.
Reserved Powers
• Regulate trade
within the state.
•Establish local
government systems.
•Conduct Elections
•Establish public
school systems.
Test Review Questions (14pts)
What are the Bill of Rights?
What are two powers the Executive Branch has over the Judicial
Branch?
What is the difference between Federalist and Anti-Federalist?
What three Articles create the three branches of government?
Describe at least three important previous events/documents which
helped lead to the creation of the U.S. Constitution.
Why is it important that the U.S. Constitution has the ability to be
Amended?
Do you think that a uniamous vote (100% in favor of) should be
required to add or remove amendments? Why/Why not
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
Unit III.5 Standards Review Homework
Warm up Activity:
1. What former document/event do you
think had the largest impact on the
U.S. Constitution?
2. What does it mean to set a precedent?
3. OCSR: What do you think the most
important battle of the American
Revolution was? Why?
4. Define: The Legislative Branch,
The Judicial Branch
Question:
 What questions do you have about
this Unit we have been studying?
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and
opposition (Federalists, Federalist
Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights)
to ratification of the U.S.
Constitution.
Unit III.5 Jeopardy
 Normal Jeopardy
 Hard Jeopardy
Warm up Activity:
1. What do you think the least important
amendment in the Bill of Rights is?
Why?
2. What do you believe is the most
important branch of government?
Why?
3. OCSR: How did Samuel Adams
contribute to the American
Revolution?
4. Define: Amendment, Bicameral
Question:
 What do you feel you struggle most
with in this class? Why?
 SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and
opposition (Federalists, Federalist
Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights)
to ratification of the U.S.
Constitution.
Unit III.5 Exam