Transcript Ornamentals Insect and Mite Update – 2000-2001

Managing the Top 20
Landscape Insects & Mites
Without Pesticides
David J. Shetlar, Ph.D.
The “BugDoc”
The Ohio State University,
OARDC & OSU Extension
Columbus, OH
© January, 2004, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved
Integrated Pest Management
Chemical Controls
MONITOR
PESTS
Insects
Diseases
Weeds
Biological Controls
Cultural Controls
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Plant Health Care
Plant Evaluation
Plant Client
Stress (or Pest)
Management
Intervention?
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Classic Biocontrols
P Predators
Ants & Wasps
Beetles
Spiders
Bugs (damsel, bigeyed, stink)
Mites
Others
P Parasites
Wasps
Flies
P Pathogens
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
Entomopathogenic Nematodes
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Biocontrol or "BioBased"?
! Paenibacillus popillae –
grub milky disease
! Bacillus thuringiensis - *-endotoxin
! Saccharopolyspora spinosa spinosyns (=ConserveJ)
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Entomopathogenic Fungi
Beauveria spp. "White" Fungus
Naturalis-T®
Metarhizium spp. "Green" Fungus
(none registered in US)
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Steinernema carpocapsae
S. riobravis
S. scapterisci
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Using Biocontrols in Landscapes
! Introduction
! Augmentation
! Conservation
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Conserving Biological Controls
! Learn to recognize biocontrols
! Provide food and habitat
! Use least toxic chemicals
! Target chemicals WHERE needed
! Educate customer
! BE PATIENT!!
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Selecting Least Toxic Insecticides
! Soaps and Oils (kill by contact only)
! Use short residual products
! Use IGR-type products (very selective)
! Use chloro or thianicotinoids
! Use microbial products
! ??
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Classic Cultural Controls
P Physical/mechanical
Hand crushing
Traps
Barriers
Syringing
P Plant Resistance/Tolerance
Site Plants
Fertilizer & Water
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Caterpillar Controls
Non-Pesticides
Biologicals
• Predators
• Parasites
• Pathogens
• “Bt” & “Spinosad”
Cultural
• Crush!
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• “Soaps or Oils”
• Avoid cover sprays!
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
JB Adult Controls
Non-Pesticide
Biologicals
• Predators (few)
• Parasites (mainly
larval)
• Pathogens (mainly
larval)
Cultural
• Remove first
“Scouts!”
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• Site plants in shade
or partial sun.
• Traps (NO!)
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Borer Control Approaches
Cultural –
Use plants that are not prone to borer attack!
Plant health care – plants in good growing
conditions can usually repel borer
attacks.
Avoid Plant Damage – damaged plants are
prone to attack.
Biological –
Usually not effective because they attack
after infestation.
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Bug & Aphid Controls
Non-Pesticides
Biologicals
• Predators
• Parasites
• Pathogens
Cultural
• Crush!
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• Site plants in shade
or partial sun.
• Syringe!
• “Soaps or Oils”
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Scale Controls
Non-Pesticide
Biologicals
• Predators
(numerous)
• Parasites (BINGO!)
• Pathogens (few)
Cultural
• Prune out heavy
infestations.
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• Don’t fertilize
heavily!
• Syringe?
• “Soaps or Oils”
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Mite Controls
Non-Pesticides
Biologicals
• Predators
(numerous, all
small)
• Parasites (nope)
• Pathogens (few)
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Cultural
• Avoid introductions!
(bedding plants)
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• Site plants in shade
or partial sun.
• Syringe!
• “Soaps or Oils”
• Avoid cover sprays!
Gall Controls
Non-Pesticides
Biologicals
• Predators (few)
• Parasites (some)
• Pathogens (few)
Cultural
• Resistant/tolerant
plants?
• Just learn to
“appreciate” them!
• Pull off!
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004
Are there alternatives to
insecticides for lawns?
•
Insect parasitic nematodes are
effective, but expensive and inconsistent.
New ones are on the way!
•
Milky disease of Japanese beetles does
not affect other species of grubs. In Ohio,
the disease is a weak pathogen that will
eventually occur “naturally.” Very
expensive to apply.
•
Endophytes provide long term,
consistent control (of surface insects).
© D.J. Shetlar, 2004