Transcript PEDAGOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICA UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

Tourism is a collection of activities, services and
industries that delivers a travel experience,
including transportation, accommodations, eating
and drinking establishments, retail shops,
entertainment businesses, activity facilities and
other hospitality services provided for individuals
or groups traveling away from home.
MATHIESON AND WALL (1982)
“Tourism is the temporary movement of people to
destinations outside their normal places of work
and residence, the activities undertaken during
their stay in those destinations, and the facilities
created to cater to their needs."
MACINTOSH AND GOELDNER (1986)
“Tourism is the sum of the phenomena and
relationships arising from the interaction of
tourists, business suppliers, host governments
and host communities in the process of
attracting and hosting these tourists and other
visitors."
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EXCURSIONIST is a person traveling for pleasure
in a period less than 24 hours (Macintosh and
Goeldner, 1986).
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FOREIGN TOURIST is any person visiting a country,
other than that in which he/she usually resides, for
a period of at least 24 hours (Committee of
Statistical Experts of the League of Nations, 1937).
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VISITOR is any person visiting a country other
than that in which he/she has his/her usual
place of residence, for any reason other than
following an occupation remunerated from
within the country visited (United Nations
Conference on International Travel and
Tourism, 1963).
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TRAVEL is the act of moving outside one's home
community for business or pleasure but not for
commuting or traveling to or from school
(Macintosh and Goeldner, 1986).
The type and availability of transportation will
determine
travel
destinations.
The
development of accommodations were likewise
determined
by
the
development
of
transportation systems.
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STAGECOACH (1500 A.D.) Invented in Hungary.
RAILROADS (1825)First passenger train was in
England.
BOATS & SHIPS (early 400 B.C., but first ocean
liner 1840).
AUTOMOBILE (1908) Henry Ford's Model T.
AIR TRAVEL (1919) by what is now know as
Lufthansa Airline.
SPACE TRAVEL (2015) estimated date for
passenger travel into suborbital space.
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ATTRACTIONS
Natural Resources
Culture
Ethnicity
Entertainment
X-treme Tourism
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Lodging
Food & Beverage
Support Services
Infrastructure
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Transportation
Time and Money
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FACILITIES
Hospitality
Hospitality
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Time
Money
Mobility
Motivation
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Advocacy platform: 1950's - 1960's. Tourism considered an ideal activity
with few negative impacts for tourist destinations. Government should
promote tourism.
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Cautionary platform: 1970's. Proposed that tourism would eventually
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Adaptancy platform: 1980"s. Promoted less mass tourism and more
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Knowledge-based platform: 1990's. Promotes planning for specific
result in negative impacts for tourism destinations unless it was carefully
planned and regulated.
alternative tourism. Alternative tourism included: home stays; cultural
villages and volunteer tourism.
tourism activities and destinations which attempt to scientifically
determine impacts and capacities for tourism destinations.
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1) A FORM OF TOURISM. The most common
reason for travel is visiting friends and
relatives (VFR). A "tourist" will also travel
outside of their normal residence and spend a
specific amount of time at a destination.
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2) The attractions are based primarily on a
natural environment (ecosystem) or some
component of that environment. It also may
have a cultural component associated with
the natural environment.
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3) All visitors are motivated by the opportunity
to gain knowledge or appreciation of a natural
area or culture.
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4) THE SUSTAINABILITY is a critical factor in any
ecotourism definition. It is "development that
meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs" (WCED, 1987, p. 43).
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NATURE-BASED TOURISM. Any type of tourism
that relies on attractions directly related to the
natural environment.. Ecotourism is a subset of
nature-based tourism.
CULTURAL TOURISM. Cultural tourism's focus is
on the cultural aspects of a visitor's experience.
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ADVENTURE TOURISM. This includes: an element
of risk; a higher level of physical exertion; and a
need for specialized skills to participate
successfully and safely in the activity.
HYBRIDS. These forms of tourism address
complex and multi-faceted visitor experiences.
They include: trekking, ACE tourism (adventure,
culture and ecotourism); and NEAT (naturebased, ecotourism, and adventure tourism).
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3S (SEA, SAND AND SUN) TOURISM. Tourism
based mostly on mass tourism (resort).
ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AND MASS TOURISM.
This spans the variety of tourism form smallscale to mass tourism. One being no better or
worse that the other depending on the impacts
and sustainability of the activities.
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SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM.
An
area
of
sustainable
tourism
that
includes
all
ecotourism, most of alternative tourism and
mass tourism.
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Is the relationship between the quantity that
tourism
enterprises
provided.
tourism
enterprises wish to sell at various prices and
the quantity of tourism services that consumers
wish to buy.