Transcript Interconnection Protocols

Interconncection Protocols
By Berk USTUNDAG
Istanbul Technical University
RF Interconnection
7.1 Blue Tooth
7.2 NMEA Protocol
Bluetooth
Named after Harold Bluetooth, King of
Denmark (0952-0995 A.D.)
Ericsson a Scandanavian company and
founding member said to have
suggested the code name
Technology allows for the connection of
one device to another using a universal
short-wave radio link
Bluetooth SIG
Special Interest Group formed by
leaders in telecommunications and
computing industries
Founded in1998 by: Ericsson, IBM,
Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, 3Com, Lucent,
Microsoft and Motorola
Developed a royalty-free, open
specification
Now has 1883 adopter member
companies
Adopter Benefits
Right to use the specification for
product and software development
Access to pre-release spec and
documents
Participation in an online forum
Qualification Program
Guarantees that Bluetooth products are
“wireless made easy”
The qualification is brand approval, not
type approval
Protects the Bluetooth brand by
ensuring interoperability
Grants manufacturers the right to use
the Bluetooth trademark
How Does Bluetooth Work?
Short Range RF at 2.45 GHZ called ISM
Uses Quick Frequency Hoping Packet
Switched Protocol
Transceiver has a unique 48 Bit Address
Using IEEE 802 Standard
Piconet Network Structure
How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)
How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)
More than one Piconet is a Scatternet
Up to Eight Devices Allowed in a Piconet
Each Piconet is Identified by a Different Frequency
Hopping Sequence
Connections can be made up to 10 meters or
extended up to 100 meters
Power Consumption is .3mA
Supports Half-Duplex or Full-Duplex
Time Division Duplex Scheme is used for Full-Duplex
How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)
How Does Bluetooth Works?(cont.)
Competing Technologies
IrDA- Infrared Data Association
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Narrow Angle Infrared Ad-Hoc Data Standard
Range is 0-1 Meter at 9600bps to 4Mbps
HomeRF
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2.4 GHz ISM
Uses Swap a Derivative of IEEE 802 Standard
SWAP( Shared Wireless Access Protocol)
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Interoperability
Different Applications can run over
Different Protocol Stacks
Open Interface
Protocol Divided Into 4 layers
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Host Controller Interface(HCI)- Command Interface
to Baseband Controller, Link Mgr, & Access to
Hardware
Bluetooth Core Protocols
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Baseband-pluse link Layer Provide RF link to Create Piconets
Audio-Goes Directly to Baseband Layer
Link Manager Protocol(LMP)- Link setup between Bluetooth
Devices
Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol(L2CAP)-Adapts
Upper Layer Protocols over the Baseband
Service Discovery Protocol- Provides Device Information and
Characteristics
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Cable Replacement Protocol
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RFCOMM- Serial Line Replacement Protocol;
Emulates RS-232
Telephony Control Protocols
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Telephony Control Binary(TCS)- Defines Call
Control Signaling for Speech and Data
Telephony Control-AT Commands- Provides
Interface capabilities with Mobile Phones, Modems
, Faxes
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Adopted Protocols
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PPP(Point-To-Point Protocol)
TCP/UDP/IP
OBEX-Session Protocol for IrDA(Infrared
Data Association)
Contents Fromat(e.g. vCard, vCalendar)
WAP-Wireless Application Protocol
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth Security
Supports Unidirectional or Mutual Encryption
based on a Secret Link key Shared Between
Two Devices
Security Defined In 3 modes:
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Mode1- No Security
Mode 2 - Service Level Security: Not Established
Before Channel is Established at L2CAP
Mode 3 - Link Level Security: Device Initiates
Security Before LMP Link is Setup
Bluetooth Security
Devices and Services can be Set for
Different Levels of Security
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Two Trust Levels are Set for Devices
 Trusted Device: Fixed Relationship and
Unrestricted Access to All Services
 Untrusted: No Permanent relationship and
Restricted Services
Bluetooth Security
3 Levels of Service Access
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Require Authorization and Authenication
Require Authentication Only
Default Security for Legacy Applications
Bluetooth Security
Potential Bluetooth Markets
Target Markets
The first wave
1. PC, Notebooks
2. Organizers & Palm
Computers
3. Headsets
4. Cellular/PCS
5. Cordless phones
6. Automotive cellular
7. Digital cameras
8. PBX
Target Markets
The second wave
1. Printers
2. Photo printers
3. Fax machines
4. Industrial, musical
and vertical industries
products
Target Markets
The third wave
1. Home networking
2. Office networks
3. Video projectors
4. Set top boxes
Market Forecast for Bluetooth
Products
Telecommunications Market
Computing Market
Digital Still Cameras Market
Output Equipment Market
Accessories Market
Industrial, Medical & Vertical Markets
Home Networking Market
Market Forecast
Market Forecast Summary
Telecommunications market is the largest
The market growth relies on the cost
By 2002, the cost is predicted to $10 and the
bluetooth-enabled products will have $126
million sales with the highest growth rate
In 2005, market sales will reach $671 million
Bluetooth
Manufacturers,
Products and
Applications
WWW.Bluetooth.com
Audio Devices
Cameras & Videos
Computer
Accessories
Office Equipment
Handheld Devices
Home
Environment
Mobile Phones
Other
Key Players in Bluetooth
Development
Ericsson
IBM
Intel
Nokia
Toshiba
ERICSSON
Three Products available now
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Bluetooth enabled headset
Bluetooth enabled cell phone
Bluetooth cell phone with GPS
Bluetooth Developer’s Conferences
Screen Savers
Bluetooth Career Opportunities
IBM Corporation
“Bluetooth technology is here!”
Future plans for Bluetooth in PCs and
laptops
INTEL Corporation
Key player in defining the Bluetooth 1.0
Specification
Joint development with Microsoft to develop
Windows road map
Software developed to support Bluetooth:
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wireless file transfer
device synchronization
dial-up networking via wireless mobile
NOKIA
Concept video - Sailing Crew:
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Augmented reality eyeglasses
Stereo headsets
Earpieces
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TOSHIBA
Joined the WECA last month
No Bluetooth products yet
LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES
Single Chip radio substation
Baseband controller
MICROSOFT
Reservations about joining the SIG
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IP rights
Voting rights
Joint development with Intel on
Windows support for Bluetooth
“Bluetooth is not a competitor to the
wireless 802.11b standard
Motorola
PC Adapter
USB Adapter
Hands-Free Car Kit
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noise cancellation
automotive volume control
incoming call voice answer
power amplifier
car microphone interface
Dell
No products yet
Only vendor to address 802.11b
integration
Joint development with Microsoft
FORD Motor Company
2001 Model year deployment
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Voice activated access to Internet
Safety features
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Automatic Collision Notification
Emergency Assistance
Roadside Assistance
Applications
In the Office
In the Home
Travelling
In the Car
In Social Settings