Transcript Document

The Millennial Generation:
Are Higher Education and the
Workforce Ready for Them?
Central Piedmont Community College
Center for Applied Research
Bobbie Fields
Terri Manning
Cheryl Roberts
A Study Funded by the Workforce Development Board
Some Say More Numerous…
As the Baby Boomers begin to swell to the
ranks of 50 somethings, look for a bulge at
the other end of the spectrum-The
Millennials.
The Millennials are almost as large as the
baby boom-some say larger-depending on
how you measure them.
Demographers vary on exactly when the
millennial cohort begins and ends.
The Echo Boom/Millennials…
 Much is expected of the children born between
1982 and 2000, a cohort variously called :
Echo Boom
Generation Y
Millennials
Net Generation
Demographic Explanations
for the ‘Echo Boom’
The Baby Boomers had a “bounty” of babies…
choosing to become older parents in the 1980s.
Gen X moms reverted back to the earlier birth-age
norm.
The ‘echo boom’ can be compared to the original baby
boom in that most generations were having babies.
The baby boom is attributed to economic and military
crises that caused GIs to delay having their babies,
whereas a cultural upheaval caused the Boomers to
delay having their (Millennial) babies.
Demographic Explanations (cont.)
• In 1989, 29 percent of the 4.4 million live
births were to women aged 30 and older.
• Birth rates among some age groups
continued rising after baby boomlet peaked in
1990.
• From 1981 to 1997 the fertility rate of women
aged 45–49 rose by 88%.
Demographic Trends
Millennials have older parents: Average age of
mothers at birth at an all time high of 27 in 1997.
Smaller families.
More firstborns: Only children will comprise about
10% of population.
More parental education: 1 in 4 has at least one
parent with a college degree.
Kids born in the late ‘90s are the first in American
history whose mothers are better educated than
their fathers by a small margin.
Demographic Trends
Diversity
Millennials have become the most racially and
ethnically diverse generation in US History.
Nearly 35% of Millennials are nonwhite or
Latino.
Latinos are the largest minority group (16%)
followed by blacks (14%) making this the first
generation in US history in which blacks are no
longer the largest of all racial and ethnic
minorities.
Ethnically Diverse
70
64.6
White
Black
Amer Ind
Asian
Hispanic
60
50
40
30
20
10
14.9
15.2
0.9
4.2
0
Shown as a percent of the cohort
Technology
• This generation has been
plugged in since they were babies.
• They grew up with educational
software and computer games.
• They think technology should be free.
• They want and expect services 24/7.
• They do not live in an 8–5 world.
• They all have cell phones and
expect to be in contact 24/7.
Safety Issues
The Safest Generation
• This generation was buckled up in car
seats, wore bike helmets, elbow and
knee pads when skating, and were the
inspiration for “Baby on Board” signs
The Well-Being of U.S. Teens
• Mortality Rate for US teens aged 15–19
declined from 1960 to 1997
-Teens are having fewer accidents than
Boomers
Generations
Each
generation
approaches life
stages in
different ways
Each
generation is
not a linear
extension of
the one before
Each
generation is
shaped by the
events and
culture into
which it is born
When Generations Collide…
• Suggests that a fundamental challenge that American businesses
face is the generational collision, leading to hiring challenges,
skyrocketing turnover rates, communication “conundrums”,
“plummeting morale” caused by generational conflicts in the
workplace.
• For example, generational issues influence how we would want to
handle company policies and procedures. Unless all the
generations are included in the discussion, some people may be
treated unfairly. It’s important to know that you’re being
responsive and fair to everyone’s needs.
• Today there are four distinct generations
glaring at one another from across the conference
table, and the potential for conflict and
confusion has never been greater.
The Veterans 1922–1943
Core Values
Important Events
Dedication
Lindbergh Completes First
Hard Work
Transatlantic Flight
Conformity
Stock Market Crash
Law and Order
Depression
Patience
The New Deal
Delayed Reward
Social Security
Duty Before Pleasure
Pearl Harbor
Adherence to Rules
FDR Dies
Honor
Korean War
Cultural Memorabilia
Kewpie Dolls, Mickey Mouse, Flash Gordon, Radio, Wheaties,
Tarzan, Jukeboxes, Blondie, The Lone Ranger, McCarthy
The Baby Boomers 1943–1960
Core Values
Optimism
Team Orientation
Personal Gratification
Health and Wellness
Personal Growth
Youth
Work
Involvement
Important Events
Rosa Parks
First Nuclear Power Plant
The Civil Rights Act
Cuban Missile Crisis
John Glen
Martin Luther King Leads March on
Washington, D.C.
President John Kennedy assassinated
National Organization for Women Founded
Martin Luther King and Robert F. Kennedy
assassinated
Cultural Memorabilia
“The Ed Sullivan Show,” Fallout Shelters, Poodle Skirts and Pop
Beads, Slinkies, TV Dinners, Hula Hoops,The Peace Sign, “Laugh In”
The Gen Xers 1960–1982
Core Values
Dedication
Hard Work
Conformity
Law and Order
Patience
Delayed reward
Duty before pleasure
Adherence to rules
Honor
Important Events
Women’s Liberation Protests
Watergate Scandal
Energy Crisis begins
Tandy and Apple market PCs
Mass Suicide in Jonestown
Three Mile Island
US Corporations begin Massive Layoffs
Iran Hostage Crisis
John Lennon shot and killed
Ronald Reagan inaugurated
Challenger disaster
Exxon Valdez Oil Tanker Spill
Cultural Memorabilia
“The Brady Bunch,” Pet Rocks, Platform Shoes, “The
Simpsons,” “Dynasty,” ET, Cabbage Patch Dolls
Millennials: What Are the
Defining Moments?
In the Virginia statewide poll of 655 members of Class 2000, events
that made the biggest impact or impression on the class of 2000
(Millennials):
Columbine
War in Kosovo
Oklahoma City Bombing
Princess Diana’s Death
Clinton Impeachment Trial
OJ Simpson Trial
Rodney King Riots
Lewinsky Scandal
Fall of Berlin Wall
McGuire-Sosa Homer Derby
Important Economic Events
 The Millennial childhood coincides with the
most “monumental” financial boom in history.
- Unemployment and inflation rates fell to historical
lows not seen since the early 1960s.
 Millennials have the best-educated moms in
US history.
 Millennials wish their parents were not so
stressed out about work.
Politics
The election crisis of 2000 produced strong feelings
about the need for political reform:
Believe there should be a uniform and
consistent method to count votes.
They are confident and civic minded and will
use their confidence to influence society in
largely positive ways.
Concerned with the political
leadership.
Agree that their vote matters.
Millennials will vote more.
Millennials Want to Learn
With technology
With each other
Online
In their time
In their place
Doing things that
matter
Source: Achievement and the 21st Century Learner.
12th Graders Views of School
60
51
50
Percent
40
40
30
47
41
36
35
31
28
39
29
24
1983
1990
1995
2000
21
20
10
0
School work is
meaningful
Courses are
interesting
Source: The Condition of Education 2002, National Center for Education Statistics.
School will be
important in later life
How are Millennials doing in
school?
• Teachers report that students are
doing better academically.
• The largest gains have been in
math and science for ages 9 and
13.
• Millennials have corrected a late
80s decline in writing proficiency.
• Reading scores show modest gains
through the 90s.
Millennial Births in Millions
2.2
2.15
Girls
Boys
2.15
2.1
2.09
2.06
2.05
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.03
2.02
2
2
2.01
1.98
1.98
1.95
1.94
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.91
1.9
1.85
2.01
2.01
1.9
1.94
1.91
1.92
1.9
1.86
1.92
1.91
1.95 1.94
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.91
1.86
1.85
1.92
1.87
1.86
1.84
1.95
1.84
1.84
1.8
82 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 000 001 002
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
Boomer and Millennial Births
4.5
4
3.7
4
3.5 3.6 3.6
Baby Boomers
19
46
19
47
19
48
19
49
19
50
19
51
19
52
19
53
19
54
19
55
19
56
19
57
19
58
19
59
19
60
19
61
19
62
19
63
19
64
3.5
3
3.3
3.8 3.8 4
4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2
4.2
4.1 4
4
4.5
4.2
4
4
Millennials
4.1
4.1
4
3.9
3.9
3.9 3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.5
3
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
19
00
20
College Full-time Enrollments
in Millions
freshmen girls
Sophomore girls
junior girls
senior girls
freshmen boys
sophomore boys
junior boys
senior boys
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
20
00
20
02
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
20
12
20
14
20
16
20
18
20
20
First Millennial College Graduates Spring 2004 --- Peak Enrollment 2010
Parental Care in the Millennial Era
• Today’s typical family is spending
more, not less, time with kids.
• Smaller families mean more time
with each child.
• Fathers are spending more time
with children.
• Less housework is being done.
• There is a strong connection
between the social lives of
parents and kids.
Values
80%
96%
Think it is cool
to be smart
Get along with
their parents
75%
Share their parents
values
Source: Millennials Rising: the Next Great Generation.
Multiculturalism
• Diversity prevails: Millennial
kids are used to a wide range
of global viewpoints.
• Tolerant of cohabitation, single
parenting and extended
families; different sexual
orientations.
• Attitudes reflect an interest in and acceptance of diversity in
all areas of life in the private realm and public arena.
• Belief the possibility exists for a black president in the next 20
years (50% of students in 2001 Lifestyle and Media Monitor)
and 58 percent think there will be a female president.
Millennials in the Workplace
Diversity: They will demand and expect that the
workforce be diverse and will be attracted to
companies that genuinely attract diverse groups of
people from all over the world.
They will not limit diversity to just race, ethnicity or
even gender, but will define and expand the meaning
of diversity by “thinking style, educational
background, geographic location, generation,
lifestyle, avocation, sexual orientation, work
experience and more.”
Ambitions
 Most
•
•
•
popular college majors:
Medicine
Education/teaching
Business and marketing
•
•
•
Engineering
Law and politics
Computer science
 Most
sought after qualities in
careers:
•
•
•
Responsibility
Independence
Creativity
 Most
•
•
Source: Industry Week, March, 1998.
•
Idealistic and
committed co-workers
common job trends :
Multi-taskers
Change Careers
•
•
Seek security & benefits
Stay with company that
offers a challenge
True Multi-taskers
• Millennials have lived programmed lives
that make them true multi-taskers. They
are already quite capable of learning
several jobs simultaneously and performing
them admirably.
• “Futurists” predict that Millennials will change careers as
many as ten times. That means retooling, recycling their
skills and talents. Smart employers will recognize this
and try to encourage Millennials to try out different
careers within the same company.
• With the right kind of challenge, opportunity, security
and benefits package, Millennials are likely to stay with
the company.
Work Atmosphere
• Millennials expect to work and have fun at the same
time…they expect work to be fun.
• They have witnessed their baby boom
parents coming home from stressed
jobs, exhausted, falling asleep at the
dinner table; and don’t want that for themselves.
• Employers need to instill a sense of play and fun in
the work atmosphere. It helps morale and employees
get to know each other better.
Flexible Schedules
• Millennials are the most
scheduled generation ever
and successful employers will
have to find ways to offer
flexible scheduling.
• Employers have learned from the booming service
sector, where Millennials are working while in school,
that flex scheduling is needed if you want to retain
Millennials and get them to show up for work.
Challenging Millennials
• In the eyes of the Millennials, the opportunity to
pursue parallel careers might be the characteristic
that attracts them to the company.
• Changing jobs is something that Millennials will see
as a natural process and part of their daily schedules.
They might work in accounting 3 days a week and
marketing the other 2.
• The challenge in retaining them will be in challenging
them and providing learning, direction, stimulation
and the ability to be involved.
Baby Boomer Parents have been
their Biggest Cheerleaders
• Millennials expect and
need praise.
• Will mistake silence for
disapproval.
• Millennials expect
feedback.
Orienting Millennials
• It needs to be communicated
to them how their work fits into
the future scheme of the
company.
• Training Millennials with their
multitasking skills and
technological savvy will push
training to new levels of
technology and fun at the same
time.
• Millennials will respond well to
experiential learning where
they are allowed to come up
with their own solutions.
Highlights
 Possible contributions to the
economy and society.
 The echo boom is 80 million
people strong, displays a strong
work ethic, and is
technologically savvy.
 Millennials will create a new
culture of work, characterized
by more independence in the
work force.
 Many of them will become
entrepreneurs.
2004 Research Study
• Central Piedmont Community College’s Center for
Applied Research was contracted to do this study
by the Workforce Development Board.
• Student Populations Selected (N=1,521)
– Millennials from UNC Charlotte (N=739)
– Millennials from Central Piedmont Community College
(N=410)
– Millennials from Johnson C. Smith University (N=129)
– Non-millennials (N=194)
– Data collected January–March 2004
– Focus Groups were conducted
– An Online Survey was administered
Demographics of Millennials in
Sample
•
•
•
•
•
•
White (n=847)
Black/African American (n=212)
Hispanic/Latino (n=55)
Asian/Pacific Islander (n=68)
Native American/Alaskan (n=34)
Other (n=62)
Age of Parents
• Father
• Mean=49.3 (range 34–75) 47% were over 50
• Means:
UNCC – 48.8
JCSU – 49.1
CPCC – 49.6
• Mother
• Mean=46.6 (range 32–67) 29% were over 50
• Means:
UNCC – 46.0
JCSU – 45.5
CPCC – 47.1
What do you look for in Faculty
Millennials (three populations)
Percent Who Agree
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Enthusiastic about the course/teaching
91.7%
82.9%
82.7%
• Are fun to be around
83.2%
70.5%
81.5%
• Provide intellectual challenges
67.3%
77.5%
66.3%
• Have flexible class policies
62.1%
58.1%
65.6%
• Are sensitive to your needs/feelings
67.1%
56.6%
60.0%
• Emphasize preparing for future career
56.0%
74.4%
54.6%
• Emphasize living up to moral principles
40.5%
40.3%
35.6%
• Are likely to talk about politics
13.7%
17.1%
14.4%
4.5%
5.4%
5.6%
• Are strict/hard graders
Working in Teams
How do you feel about
working in teams?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• I like it
37.7%
54.3% 54.4%
• Have no feelings about it
26.0%
29.1% 24.7%
• I don’t like it
35.3%
16.5% 20.9%
Working in Teams

In the classroom, do you do the following?
1=never
2=rarely
3=sometimes
4=often
• Are given “team grades” on
working with others
• Write papers/do projects with
others
• Study/do research in teams
UNCC JCSU
CPCC
2.56
2.24
2.84
2.36
2.34
2.06
1.97
2.61
2.49
Comparing Yourself to People
Your Parents Age…..
When your generation is your parents’
age, will you take more (3), about the
same (2) or less interest (1) in:
– New Technology?
– Voting and Government?
– Reading and the Arts?
UNCC JCSU
CPCC
2.65
2.27
2.14
2.65
2.28
2.20
2.56
2.50
2.33
What Will You Do After
Graduating by Percent?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Immediately get a job
42.9%
34.1%
42.7%
• Continue my education
34.2%
54.8%
27.5%
• Take some time off
5.3%
2.4%
3.8%
• Marry/start a family
5.2%
1.6%
7.3%
10.2%
4.0%
12.8%
• Not sure
Careers They Plan to Pursue
(most selected of 27 listed)
50
Medicine
52
Engineering
Computer/Technology
56
Psychology
57
59
Accounting/Finance
85
Law
127
Teaching
138
Business/Marketing
147
Nursing
0
50
100
150
200
Career Field
 How likely do you think it is that your first job
out of college will be in your career field?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Very Likely
42.7%
26.2% 41.9%
• Somewhat Likely
37.0%
47.6% 39.1%
• Not Likely/Not Sure
20.3%
26.2% 19.0%
Salary Expectations
Realistically, what do you expect your
starting salary will be when you begin
working?
UNCC
•
•
•
•
•
•
$15-20K
$21-30K
$31-40K
$41-50K
$50K+
Not sure
7.4%
30.9%
27.2%
15.9%
7.4%
10.6%
JCSU
10.3%
25.4%
27.8%
15.9%
9.5%
11.1%
CPCC
7.3%
27.6%
26.3%
15.9%
5.6%
16.5%
In all three groups, 60-65% felt they would earn $40K or less
Importance of Career Components
 How important are the following components to
your career?
1 = not important
2 = somewhat important
3 = very important
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Being respected on the job
2.87
2.94
2.86
• Opportunity for professional development
2.74
2.78
2.76
• Ability to have an impact on the world
2.56
2.53
2.55
• Access to information and expression of
opinions
2.48
2.54
2.49
• Having high job prestige
2.37
2.55
2.47
Importance of Career Components
 How important are the following components to
your career?
1 = not important
2 = somewhat important
3 = very important
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Working with inspiring colleagues
2.39
2.39
2.39
• Geographic location of job
2.44
2.44
2.44
• Receive guidance & direction from
supervisor
2.34
2.34
2.34
• Participating in company decisions
2.44
2.44
2.44
• Independence/professional
autonomy
2.35
2.35
2.35
Importance of Career Components
 How important are the following components
to your career?
1 = not important
2 = somewhat important
3 = very important
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Using creativity on the job
2.28
2.46
2.43
• Lots of responsibility
2.21
2.35
2.27
• Flexible work hours
2.18
2.34
2.30
• Dress code appropriate to work
environment
2.05
2.24
2.06
Importance of Job Benefits
 How important are the following benefits?
1 = not important
2 = somewhat important
3 = very important
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Health Insurance
2.89
2.96
2.89
• Salary Growth
2.88
2.96
2.89
• Plans like 401K
2.72
2.85
2.73
• Life Insurance
2.77
2.89
2.70
• Bonuses
2.63
2.72
2.64
• Employer-paid Retirement
2.52
2.75
2.58
• Stock Options
2.13
2.25
2.21
• Profit Sharing
2.03
2.25
2.44
Jobs in Lifetime
 How many jobs do you think you
will hold in your lifetime?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
1–3
40.3%
32.8%
28.4%
• 4–6
40.5%
41.0%
43.7%
• 7–10
14.6%
22.1%
18.3%
4.7%
4.1%
9.6%
•
•
Over 10
Worry
 How much do you worry about:
1=not at all
2=occasionally
3=frequently
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Future plans?
2.49
2.69
2.51
• Transitioning to life after college?
2.11
1.93
1.98
• Finding a job to fulfill your goals and
aspirations?
2.35
2.50
2.41
• Money to travel/for hobbies?
2.36
2.37
2.42
• Responsibilities of life after college?
2.41
2.60
2.31
• Financial debt?
2.18
2.52
2.28
Worry
 How much do you worry about:
1=not at all
2=occasionally
3=frequently
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Home ownership?
2.17
2.21
2.34
• Paying monthly bills?
2.08
2.37
2.29
• Finding a job in your field?
2.00
2.40
2.05
• Transitioning to life after college?
2.11
1.93
1.98
• Being penalized for no job
experience?
1.94
2.10
2.01
Future Odds
 How likely is it that someday you will:
% Indicating Somewhat or Very Likely
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Work for yourself/own business?
50%
81.2%
64.3%
• Have lifestyle you grew up with?
96.4%
96.8%
93.4%
How important will a two-income household be in reaching your
lifestyle goals?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Somewhat to very Important
78.6%
82.4%
77.4%
• Not Important
21.4%
17.6%
22.6%
Quality of Life?

Rank order of items that contribute to a good quality of life
(% ranking item in top 3 on a
scale of 1-8)
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Having a secure future for my family
70.2%
78.4%
70.2%
• Time to enjoy family/children
69.9%
59.3%
69.9%
• Having family/children
65.0%
54.0%
65.0%
• Having a great job
54.7%
70.2%
54.7%
• Having good friends
50.7%
45.6%
50.7%
• Having plenty of money
38.6%
54.8%
38.6%
• Having plenty of free time
38.1%
33.9%
38.1%
What Kind of Community do You
Intend to Live in by Percent?
UNCC
JCSU
• Predominantly urban, mixed housing
style
19.4%
37.3%
24.0%
• Suburban community, single family
home
41.5%
38.9%
38.0%
• Rural area with large lots/open space
31.6%
19.8%
30.7%
7.5%
4.0%
7.3%
• Other
CPCC
Values
 Mostly important thing passed on to you by your parents?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Education
11.7%
20.0%
16.1%
• Values
72.3%
60.8%
64.3%
• Work Ethic
15.2%
14.4%
17.6%
.8%
4.8%
2.0%
• Inheritances
 What will be the most important thing you can pass on to your
children?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Education
14.0%
28.5%
21.2%
• Values
77.3%
67.5%
69.3%
7.9%
1.6%
7.2%
.8%
2.4%
2.3%
• Work Ethic
• Inheritances
If Your Parents Leave You Money
What will you do with it?
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Invest it
66.1%
62.9%
64.7%
• Use it for living expenses
24.5%
30.6%
24.8%
• Buy a big ticket item (home/car)
7.6%
5.6%
9.5%
• Use it for entertainment or
recreation, such as a vacation
1.8%
.8%
1.0%
Your Generation in the Future
• Someday your generation will be raising
kids, running corporations and occupying
high political office. When that day
comes, which areas of American life will
be better, the same or worse than today
because of your generation?
– 3=better
– 2=same
– 1=worse
Will be better, the same or worse
than today because of your
generation?
3=better
2=same
1=worse
% Better
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Technology
2.92
2.95
2.90
• Race Relations
2.54
2.46
2.47
• Economy
2.31
2.38
2.23
• Schools
2.20
2.34
2.09
• Arts/Culture
2.10
2.26
2.21
Will be better, the same or worse
than today because of your
generation?
3=better
2=same
1=worse
% Better
UNCC
JCSU
CPCC
• Foreign Affairs
2.09
2.09
2.13
• Government
2.02
2.21
2.02
• Family Life
1.80
2.11
2.01
• Religion
1.92
2.10
1.93
• Crime/Public Order
1.87
1.80
1.79
Findings
• The majority of millennials in this study were
born to parents age 30 and older.
• They like faculty who are sensitive, flexible
and intellectually challenging.
• They like working in teams but are not given
a lot of opportunity to do so.
• Their job expectations immediately out of
college are not as high as previous
generations.
Findings
• Career components they felt were most important
were being respected on the job, having the
opportunity for professional development, having a
job where they can make an impact on the world,
having access to information, the expression of
personal opinion and working with inspiring
colleagues.
• They expect to have 4–6 jobs in their lifetime.
• They worry the most about future issues: Future
plans, finding a job to fulfill their goals and
aspirations, money to travel and for hobbies,
adjusting to life after college and paying back
financial debt.
Findings
• They expect to someday acquire the lifestyle
they grew up with.
• They expect to have a two-income family.
• Security and time for family are they two
most important quality of life variables.
• Values are the most important thing passed
on to them by their parents and the most
important thing they will pass on to their
children.
Findings
• When comparing their generation to
their parents’ generation, they feel they
will be able to improve technology and
race relations.
• When comparing their generation to
their parents’ generation, they feel they
will not be able to improve on religion,
family life and crime and public order.
For a copy:
http://inside.cpcc.edu/planning
Click on: Studies & Reports
Title: AIR Millennial Presentation 04