Topic: Theoretical bases for the Direct Method

 Objectives  Trainees will be able to give reasons for the design and procedures of the Direct Method.

Lesson One Giving Reasons for the Design and Procedures of the Direct Method       

Pre-task activities Step One: discussing the language theories underlying the method. Step Two: discussing the language learning theories underlying the method. While-task activities Step Three: group work to give reasons for the method.

Post-task activities Step Seven: group speaker reporting to the class.

The Direct Method

Theory of language     Views proposed by the innovators and reformers of the 19th century: 1. Every language has its owe structure and can not be forced into the straitjacket of Latin grammar.

2. Spoken language came into being before written language and speech patterns rather than grammar are the fundamental elements of language.

3. Spoken language is a learnable system of sounds, and sounds are best described by phonetic transcription.

4. According to Gouin, verbal expression is intimately linked with thought about real events. Thoughts and corresponding utterances do not occur randomly or singly; they come in sequences and ends-means series.

Theory of language learning

 The learning of languages was as analogous to the first language acquisition, and the learning processes involved were often interpreted in terms of an associationist psychology. Direct association between forms and meanings in the target language should be established.

Therefore , direct association of language with objects and persons of the immediate environment is emphasized. Those assumptions can be traced back to "activism" in Ancient and Medieval times and the ideas of Comenius summarized as follows: 1. The learner will acquire rules of grammar inductively.

2. The best method of teaching meaning is the one using sensory experience, generally visual perception.

Psychoanalysis

 Origin of psychoanalysis  Theory of psychoanalysis

Origin of psychoanalysis(P14)

 Psychoanalysis is a theory of the mind put forward by Sigmund Freud 弗洛伊德 （ 1856—1939 ） , who was a physician specializing in neurology.

Theory of psychoanalysis

The contents of the unconscious mind consist of buried memories and instinctive wishes or drives and will influence the activities of the conscious mind