Transcript Ming & Qing Dynasties

• The end of the Yuan saw a rapid inflation, corruption of the
Tibetan clergy who controlled the Chinese clergy and interfered
in political affairs, and rebellions of the exploited Chinese
population against Mongol and other foreign officials.
• One of the rebellions attracted the poor monk Zhu Yuanzhang
(1328-1398) who later became the head of a rebel army and
successfully fought against the Mongols as well as other
contenders for power. He founded the Ming dynasty and
became known as Emperor Hongwu.
Founded by a peasant,
Zhu Yuanzhang
(1328-1398)
aka Emperor Hongwu
• Led revolt against the Yuan
Dynasty
• Paranoid by end of rule
• Creates laws to improve
peasant lives
• Didn’t encourage trade
• Strict Confucian
• Increases status of military/
strengthens the military
• Centralizes governmenteliminates high officials and
replaces with mandarins and
eunuchs
• Moves the capital to Beijing
• Launches exploration
• 7 voyages under Zheng He,
Muslim Admiral
• 1st in 1405
• Voyages end due to influence
of officials worried about
barbarians to the north and
cost
• 1433 China withdrawals into
isolation
• Jesuits- Matteo Ricci
- 1500’s
• Tries to convert
Emperor Wanli
• Pope and Emperor
hinder efforts
• Qing- pure
• Qing were Manchus, not
Han Chinese
• 17th century expansion
• 1644- control
Beijing
• 1644-90- South
China and Taiwan
• 1690-1750Central Asialargest country in
the world
• Separation of Manchu and
Han
• All high government
positions to the Manchus
• No intermarriage is
allowed
• Han had to adopt the
Manchu haircut as a sign of
submission. “Queue” front
and top shaved and grown
long in back
• Han scholar gentry still in
bureaucracy
• Civil Service Exams become
more competitive
• Very
Centralized
Government
• Emperor
becomes known
as “Son of
Heaven”
• Secluded life
• “Theater State”ritual, pomp,
emphasizes
glory of ruler
• Kangxi (1661-1722)talented general,
expands empire,
manages economy well
• Qianlong (1736-1795)ECONOMY!!! Cancels
tax collection four times
during his rule
• China is well organized
with an influence in most
of Asia after these two
emperors
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Based on agriculture
Intensive, high yield methods
Rice, Millet, Wheat
Enhanced by American crops by
way of the Philippines- Maize,
Sweet Potatoes, Peanuts
Made use of previously
unusable land
Leads to population growth
Supports a large labor force
and trade
Trade Chinese luxury goods for
American Silver
Silk, Porcelain, Tea
Focus on human labor for
production
Ignores technology in
preference for human labor
• Increase in patriarchy
during Qing
• Preference for male
children- exam
system
• Widows encouraged
to commit suicide
• Foot binding becomes
more popular
• Women can not
divorce, but men can
for adultery or
disobedience