Transcript 高考应试策略

高考应试要览
主讲人: 北京师范大学亚太实验学校
刘建国
试卷知识题的命题原则：
一般遵循三个原则：
（1）保证覆盖面广，即考查英语语音、语法、词汇方面
的基础知识；范围不超出我国中学通用的英语课本，
题量尽可能大，覆盖而尽可能宽；
（2）尽可能增加综合化的因素，为了保证题量和覆盖面，
语言知识题一般以单项形式为主，但也采用一些综合
题，如完形填空题。
（3）尽可能增加语境化的因素，高考英语试卷的语言知
识题一般都加入一些语境化的因素。例如，完形填空
题和短文改错题本身就有上下文的语篇。
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听力试题
如何提高听力能力和做好听力测试
一、把握特点，捕捉信息
1、事实与细节
W：Would you like some hot coffee or tea?
M:I like them both,but I’d rather have something cold.
Q:What does the man want to drink?
A:Something cold.
B:Coffee.
C:Tea.
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2、数字
M：Did Joan’s mother take her to the
hospital once a week?
W：Yes.She and Joan made the 90-mile
round trip once a week.
Q：How far was their home from the
hospital?
A：Ninety miles.
B：Forty-five miles.
C：One hundred and eighty miles.
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3、地点
M:Hello,Tom.This is Jack at the office.Is
Mike at home?
W:No,Jack.He’s in class now. He’ll be home
for lunch though.
Q:Where is Jack now?
A:He is at the office.
B:He is in class.
C:He is at home.
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4、职业、人物身份和关系
W:Jack sent you a present yesterday.
M:I got to one from John,not from
Jack.
Q:Who did the man get a present from?
A:From Mike.
B:From Jack.
C:From John.
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二、掌握技巧，事半功倍
1、放松心情，确定测试要点
舍得，有舍才有得。
迅速扫读听力测试题目和备选项目，做到
事先有思想准备，再有的放矢地听。
2、做好笔记，把握细节。
用自己熟悉的符号来缩写
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3、注意特殊句型，把握关键词。
（1）副词too的一词多义现象。
①Catherine was too young to join in
the sea journey..
② You are too kind to help me.
③ One can’t be too careful in learning
a foreign language.
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(2)连词since一词多义现象。
① It is two years since he joined the army.
② --How did you like the party?
--Wonderful.It’s too years since I enjoyed.
(3)Your writing was considered as good as
Diana’s.
① Both your writing and Diana’s were
not bad.
② Your writing was almost the same as
Diana’s.
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(4)Bill didn’t attend Mary’s birthday
party because Jack was present.
① Jack was present at Mary’s party so
Bill didn’t attend.
② Bill attended Mary’s birthday not
because Jack was present.
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另外，要注意一些表示否定意义的关键
词、词组，如：
no,not,never,seldom,hardly,doubt,neither,
too…to,little,few,unhappy等。
另外，考生应了解虚拟语气表示与事实相
反的含义，掌握虚拟语气的各种句型及在
具体语境下的使用对理解听力材料很有帮
助。
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4、听清主题句，把握中心思想。
主题句往往是一篇听力材料的中心思想。
根据主题句，可以推断“话中话”或“弦
外之
音”。
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单项选择
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从统计的情况来看,高考单项选择题的特点:
• 涉及面越来越广,考点越来越细,涉及几乎
所有知识点;
• 但整体上单项选择题难度不大,一般以基
础题为主,考试的重点是:动词(动词时态、
语态、非谓语动词、情态动词）、从句
（状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句）
等；
• 所有考点是以辩析形式考查的。
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一、交际用语：
主要考查日常生活用语，涉及面比较广，但难
度小。
---I’m interested in that beautiful MP4 player.How much
do you charge for it?
---$150.And it’s of the value.
---Well,______,but I can’t afford it. Thank you anyway.
A.
please lower the price
B. it’s really nice
C.
it’s worth that
D. that’s too dear
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二、名词：
主要考查名词的辩析、单复数及主谓一致问题。
Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise
to build up his _______ .
A. ability
B.force
C.strength
D.mind
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三、动词：
主要有两种形式:
一是动词的辩析；
二是动词短语的辩析。
1、---How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
---That _____ me fine.
A. fits
B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
2、Without my glasses, I couldn’t _____ whether
that figure on the blackboard was a three or an
eight.
A. make out B. make up C. make for D. make off
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四、动词时态：
《考试大纲》：八种时态。
---What would you do if it ____ tomorrow?
---We have to carry it on,since we’ve got
everything ready.
A. rain
B. rains
C.will rain
D.is raining
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五、动词被动语态：
主要包括：一般现在时的、一般过去时的、一般将来时的、现
在进行时的、现在完成时的和带情态动词的被动语态。
We’ve been told the good news , but when and
where to go for the exciting on-salary vocation
_____ yet.
A. are not discussed
B. have not been discussed
C. is not being discussed
D. has not been discussed
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六、动词不定式：
在句子中可做许多成分。
Aren’t the fans crazy to have waited outside
in the rain for more than three hours just
____ a look at their favorite singers?
A. had
B.having
C.to have
D.have
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七、过去分词：
You should understand the traffic rule by
now. You’ve had it ____ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain
C. explain
D.explained
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八、现在分词：
A new law will go into effect on August 1st.
According to this law, people found ______
“harmful”advertisements in the streets will be
punished strictly.
A. putting up
B.to put up
C. being putting up
D.having put up
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九、动名词：
常见的动词有：
allow,admit,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,
mind,miss,practice,succeed,suggest;
动词短语有：
devote…to, feel like,
prevent/stop/keep…from,put off,set about,
spend…on,think of,
其它短语：What/how about
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I hope you don’t mind _____ you all this.
A. to tell
B.to have told
C. to be telling D.my telling
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十、情态动词：
主要考查：辩析、时态、和动词完成式搭配的特
殊用法及涵义。
Tom, you ____leave all your clothes on the
floor like this!
A.wouldn’t
B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not
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十一、形容词：
主要考查：形容词作定语时形容词之间的排
序、形容词的原级的比较、比较级的比较和
最高级的比较以及形容词的辩析等。
To all the famous artists’ surprise, the unknown
woman’s two ____ paintings are also on show in
the art exhibition.
A. little blue oil
B. blue little oil
C. oil blue little
D. little oil blue
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If it is quite _____ to you , I will visit
you next Tuesday.
A. convenient B.fair
C. easy
D.confortable
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十二、副词：
主要考查有：副词的辩析和副词短语的辩析。
It is a good way for us to memorize new
words by seeing them _____ .
A. properly
B.repeatedly
B. C.clearly
D. usually
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十三、介词：
主要考查：固定搭配和具体句子中的辩析。
1、No one helped me. I did it all ____ myself.
A.for
B. by
C.from
D.to
2、We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ___
chance.
A. of
B. in
C. for
D. by
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十四、冠词：
主要考查它们的常见用法。
---How many people are still leading _____
life under _____ poverty line in the world?
---Perhaps one fourth,according to the report.
A.the; 不填 B. a; the
C. a; a D.不填 ；the
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十五、代词：
This skirt is too small for me. Would you
show me _____ one ?
A. the other
B.another
C. other
D. one another
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十六、并列连词：
四种并列连词：
递进式：and,both…and,notonly…butalso,
neither…nor,etc
转折式：but, however
选择式：or, either…or, otherwise
因果式：so, and
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---I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---I don’t like chicken,____, I like fish
very much.
A. and, and
B. and, but
C. or, and
D.or, but
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十七、主谓一致
1、In the Wai Wen Bookshop ____ to be
found books in various languages.
A. is
B. are
C.being
D.was
2、The singer and dancer _____ speaking at
the meeting.
A. Is
B.were
C.are
D. be
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十八、状语从句：
主要考查对句意的理解。
I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I
can have time for a cup of tea.
A.as soon as
B.as a result
C. In case
D.so that
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十九、定语从句：
• 关键是分析关系代词和关系副词在从句中的成
分。
• 内容有：一是关系代词之间的区别；二是关系
副词和在句子中的成分；三是关系副词与关系
代词之间的关系。
I have many friends,___ some are businessmen.
A. of them
B. from which C.who of
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D.of whom
二十、名词性从句：
包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句
和同位语从句。
1、Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the
schoolmaster _____ he had done the day
before.
A. that
B.how C. where D. what
2、---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off?
A. why B.when
C.what
D.where
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二十一、倒装句：
主要考查部分倒装和全部倒装。
部分倒装基本结构：
状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语；
全部倒装基本结构：
状语+谓语（不及物动词）+主语（名词）；
或状语+主语（代词名词）+谓语（不及物动词）。
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1、After the whistle rang, the coach appeared in
the field. Behind him _____ the team wearing
black and white suits.
A.had
B. walked
C.was followed D. led
2、Not only _____ give people relaxation and
pleasure, but _____ increase their knowledge of
any kind.
A. Can travel; it can
B. travel can; can it
C. Can travel; can it
D. travel can; it can
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二十二、强调句：
基本构成：It be +被强调的部分+that/who(仅用
于人)+被强调的部分以外的其他部分。
(1)It was 4 p.m when Mr.Johnson came back
home from the press conference.
(2)It was at 4 p.m that Mr.Johnson came back
home from the press conference.
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二十三、it用法：
主要是作形式主语和形式宾语。
Young man, if you hurry up, I think ____ quite
_____ that you will catch the next train.
A. that; probably
B. this; certainly
C.it; likely
D.you; nearly
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二十四、虚拟语气
难度较大
---If he ____, he _____ that food.
---Luckily, he was sent to the hospital
immediately.
A. was warned, would not take
B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken
D.would have been warned, had not taken
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二十五、惯用法
主要是考查一些习惯性搭配并且和交际用语一
起考查。
---It’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!
---Oh, ____! I could do it in 30 minutes.
A. come on
B.pardon me
C. you are right
D.don’t mention it
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完形填空（Cloze Test)
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注意事项
• 考生应该充分利用上下文，注重行文逻
辑，强调文段整体性阅读。
• 完形填空题主要考查考生对语篇的整体
理解
• 具体考查单词、短语在具体语境中的运
用。
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完形填空例题
An elderly builder was ready to retire. He told his employer of his plans to leave the house building
_(1)____and live a more comfortable life with his wife.He would miss the pay-check, but he needed to
_(2)___.They could manage.
The employer was __(3)___to see his good worker go and asked if he could build __(4)___ one more
house as a personal __(5)___. The builder said yes, but at that time it was easy to see that his _(6)____
was not in his work. He built it carelessly and used poor materials. It was a(n) _(7)____way to end his
career(working life).
When the builder _(8)____ his work, the employer came and _(9)____ the front-door key to the
builder. “This is your house,” he said, “my _(10)____ to you.”
What a shock!What a _(11)____! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have
done it all _(12)___. Now he had to live in the home he had built none too _(13)___ .
So it is with us. Sometimes we build our lives carelessly, willing to put up less than the best. At
important points we do not give the job our best _(14)___ . Then with a shock we look at the situation we
have _(15)___ and find that we are now living in the house we have built . If we had realized, we would
have done it differently.
Think of yourself as the _(16)___ . Think about your house. Each day you _(17)___ a nail,place a board,
or set up a wall. Build wisely. It is the only life you will ever build. Even if you live it for only one day more,
that day is worthy to be lived well. Life is a do-it-yourself _(18)___ .
Who could say it more clearly? Your life today is the _(19)___ of your attitudes and choices in the
_(20)___.
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(1) A.matter
B. trade
C.business
D.industry
(2) A. work
B.retire
C. live
D.stay
(3) A. happy
B.anxious
(4)A. just
B.yet
C.angry
D.sorry
C.even
D.still
(5)A. question
B. favor
C.job
D.idea
(6)A.brain
B. hand
C.heart
D.aim
(7)A.unfortunate
B. quick
C.uneasy
(8)A.started
B. continued
C. quitted
D.direct
D.finished
(9)A.dropped
B. handed
C.threw
D.sent
(10)A. wish
B. prize
C.gift
D.benefit
(11)A.surprise
B.joy
C.shame
(12)A.differently
(13)A.badly
B.eagerly
B. well
(14)A. effect
(15) A. created
B.effort
B.met
C.hardly
C.comfortably
C.strength
C.seen
D. disappointment
D. willingly
D.awfully
D. power
D. got
(16)A. employer
B. dreamer
C.builder
D. creator
(17)A. hammer
B.pull
C.press
D. force
(18)A. way
B.interest
(19)A. result
B.end
(20)A. future
B.present
C.practice
D. project
C.answer
D. reply
C.past
D. moment
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一、题型分析
完形填空作为一种综合性的测试题型，它覆盖
了词汇、语法、阅读理解、书面表达等考试目
标的全部内容。
二、答题要领
1、快速通读全文，掌握短文主旨大意。
2、抓住结构、语义及逻辑三条线索，推断和预
测选项。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
3、特别注意词组、习语和句型的积累、
同义词的辩析以及生活常识的运用。
4、选择填完后，通读短文，仔细检查连
词、副词的使用。
5、解答试题的时候，可利用直接法、排
除法和比较等选择正确答案。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
阅读理解
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
阅读理解的特点
1、阅读理解主要是获取信息，是理解的前提和
手段，理解是分析、加工和处理信息，是阅读的
目的和结果。
2、全面考查考生的记忆、识别、换算、判断推
理、逻辑思维、分析归纳、概括总结、猜测词义
等能力。
3、问题设置主要是事实细节、主旨大意（标题
大意）、综合判断、猜测词义等。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
做阅读理解题步骤：
1、理解主旨要义
2、理解文中具体信息
3、根据上下文推测生词的词义
4、作出简单判断和推理
5、理解文章的基本结构
6、理解作者的意图和态度
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
特别注意：
做阅读理解时，可以先看题目测试内容，
然后再看文段，带着问题去阅读。
也可以先看完文段，然后再做题；
还可以将两者结合起来，边看边做，边做
边看。
自己去选择何种方法。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
阅读理解例题
Some experts feel that cars are certain to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-toodistant future when all cars will be deserted and made useless. Other experts,however, think
the car is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of city travel in the
foreseeable future.
The car will undoubted change greatly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller,
safer,and more practical, and should not be powered by the gas engine. The car of the future
should be far more pollution-free than present types.
Useless changes take place in the power system,the car in the future will be the main
problem in city traffic jams. One suggested solution to this essential problem is the
automated system, which seems to hold water.
When the car enters the highway system, a small arm will drop from the car and connect
with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once joined to the
rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system,and control of the car will pass
to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.
The driver will use the telephone to dial instructions about his position and the place he
heads for into the system. The computer will find the best way and reserve space for the car
all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will be free to relax and wait for
the call that will warn him of his coming exit. It is believed that an automated highway will be
able to deal with 10,000 cars per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 cars that can be
carried by a present-day highway.
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
1、What is the main concern of the author of the passage?
A. How to make cars pollution-free.
B. How to make cars smaller and safer.
C. How to solve the problem of traffic jam.
D. How to develop an automated subway system.
2 、 We can infer from this passage that _____.
A. the car connected to the rail on the highway will be powered by
electricity
B. the lack of oil is forcing people to find new means to power automobiles
C. the driver under the system will be told where to get out of the highway
D. the future car will become larger,faster,prettier and less expensive
3 、What provides cars with electric power in an automated highway system?
A.
An engine.
B. A rail .
C. A computer controller.
D. A
small arm
4 、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The driver puts his information in the system by e-mail.
B. The new system can deal with 10 times as many cars as the present one.
C. After entering the automated system, the driver needs to do nothing but
relax himself.
D. Some experts are not confident of the future, while the author is in
favor of opposite view.
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
短文改错
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
注意事项
• 短文改错侧重考查基础语法知识；
• 需要从整体把握文章脉络，特别要注意
句与句的关系；
• 做短文改错时要充分利用上下文，注意
作者的行文思路。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
主要涉及
一、必考题：
1、句子成分残缺；
2、词语多余；
3、句子正确。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
二、相关性错误：
1、名词错误
单数名词改为复数名词是短文改错的常见考点之一！
2、形容词错误
形容词---形容词；形容词---副词
3、副词错误
副词---副词； 副词---形容词
4、介词错误
固定搭配或特殊用法错误
5、连词错误
三类：一是并列连词之间的误用；二是从属连词之间的误用；三是
从属连词和并列连词之间的误用。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
6、冠词错误
主要有：不定冠词a和不定冠词an之间的误用;
定冠词the和不定冠词a/an的误用；
冠词多余或句子成份残缺。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
7、动词时态错误
一是动词原形---动词过去式
二是动词过去式---动词原形
8、分词错误
一是现在分词---过去分词
二是过去分词---现在分词
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
9、代词错误
需要搞清楚代词的种类和在句子中的主要成
分。
10、动词词形错误
一是动词原形---动名词或现在分词或过去分词
或添加to;
二是动名词或现在分词或过去分词---动词原
形，或去掉to。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
11、主谓一致错误
一是名词单复数作主语时的主谓一致；
二是动名词、动词不定式、从句作主语时
的主谓一致。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
短文改错例文
I often dream of a teacher.I dream of standing on the
1 . ________
platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys
2. ________
and girls. I teach them, play with them, but watch them
3. ________
Growing up. I am always young when I was staying
4. ________
With them.I know there is not easy to be a teacher.You
5._________
Have to learnin order to teach.Without enough knowledges
6._________
You can never learn well.What is more,you have to
7._________
Be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.
8._________
Only in his way can you be a good teacher and win
9._________
Respect from them.Though I am a student now.I will
Work as very hard to make my dream come true.
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
10. _______
书面表达
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
《考试大纲》规定
写作要求考生根据提示进
行书面表达。考生应能：
准确使用语法和词汇，使
用一定的句型、词汇，清
楚、连贯地表达自己的意
思。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
书面表达提示有三种情形：
一、文字型提示
二、图表型提示
三、图画型提示
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
2005年全国高考书面表达一览
地区
写作内容
载体
文体
全国一卷
有关北京动物园
是否应该迁出市
区的讨论
图表型
说明文
全国二卷
询问去伦敦旅游
行程安排
图表型
应用文（书信）
北京卷
向外国学生说明暑期来
华后的生活安排
图画型
应用文（书信）
上海卷
通过一则事例证明“天
生我材必有用”
文字型
议论文
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
书面表达的共同特点：
• 内容充实，要点全面
• 语言丰富，文字优美
• 行文连贯，思路清晰，过渡自然。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
掌握要点：
一、要明确考试的要求，主要是文字型、图画型
和图表型，对写什么，怎么写有一个清晰的思
路。
二、考生应该从谴词造句上多下工夫。
三、考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段
落之间，恰当使用一些过渡性词语。
四、考生应该把写完的作文阅读两遍，认真检查
是否有语法错误。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
情景作文
•
假设你是李明,你的英籍笔友彼德十年前到过北京.他计划2008年北京奥
运会期再来北京.在他的印象中北京的公共交通设施有些落后,出行不便.
因此,他来信询问现在的状况是否有改善.
•
请根据表格中已有的信息给彼德写封回信说明北京目前道路交通已四通
八达的情况.
内容与项目
1995年
2006年
2008年(预计)
various buses
8,200辆
24,000辆
32,000辆
bus routes(线路)
520条
750条
820条
length of highway
8,000km
19,000km
20,000km
length of
underground
railways and cityrails
54km
114km
300km
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
注意：
1、词数不少于60；
2、不得逐条翻译；
3、开头与结尾已为你写好。
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
范文
Dear Peter,
Glad to have read your letter.To meet your request,I’ll tell you something about the
present public transport of Beijing.
As you said in the letter,public transport of Beijing in 1995 wasn’t really good
enough. But things have greatly changed in the past ten years. Now there are 24,000
buses, running on 750 bus routes, which are 3 times as many as those in 1995. You can
get to nearly every corner of the city easily by bus, which costs not much.
By the year 2008，32,000 buses will have covered 820 routes throughout the city.
As for high ways,now the total length of highways in Beijing is over 19,000km.
Believe it or not, in 1995 the number was only 8,000km.
In addition, underground railways and cityrails are available, fast and safe. The
present length,114km, will rise to 300km by the year 2008.The number was only
54km in 1995.
Thus public transport in Beijing has taken on a new look.It is very convenient for
commuters and tourists.
It is believed that it will be much better when the 29th Olympic Games takes
place in Beijing in 2008.
Yours ever
Li Ming
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601
北京师范大学京师大厦9810室
电话:010-58803980 58803986 传真:010-58803986-601