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B. Dupree NeuroHisto Slides/Quiz Part 2 - Eye Instructions: •View in SLIDE SHOW to get the full effect!!! •TURN SOUND ON!!! •Take your time…Don’t get click-happy •NOTE: These are the exact slides from the HISTO CD, but more fun. Eyelid, 5 Orbicularis Oculi Muscle - skeletal muscle that is used to close the eyelid. Tarsal Plate with Meibomian Glands - the tarsal plate is composed of dense connective tissue. The Meibomian glands (sebaceous type glands) are embedded in it. Obicularis Oculi Muscle Conjunctiva Tarsal Plate with Meibomian Glands Follicles of Eyelashes Eyelid, 5 Obicularis Oculi Muscle Eyelid, 5 Duct of Meibomian Glands - the duct sectioned in this slide would drain the glandular elements in this field. Additional glands and ducts are found along the length of the tarsal plate. The secretion of these glands serves to lubricate the movement of the lid and also help move the tears toward the lacrimal puncta. Conjunctiva Meibomian Glands in Tarsal Plate Duct of Meibomian Glands Eyelid, 5 Meibomian Glands Meibomian Glands - sebaceous type glands embedded in the tarsal plate. Glands of Moll - modified apocrine sweat glands associated with the follicles of the eye Obicularis Oculi lashes. Muscle Glands of Zeis - sebaceous glands associated with the follicles of the eye lashes. Glands of Moll Follicle Glands of Zeis Eye, 183 Fibrous Layer: Sclera - white of the eye made up primarily of collagen. Cornea - composed of several layers supported by a substantia propria predominantly composed of a special transparent collagen. Vascular Layer (Uvea): Choroid - vascular tissue with pigment. Ciliary Body - has ciliary processes and ciliary muscles. Cornea Iris - has dilator and sphincter pupillae muscles, a vascular stroma and pigment layers. This section is cut to the side of the pupil so that the iris appears as a continuous structure. Neural coat: Retina - light sensitive portion. Iris Lens Ora Serrata - Transition from light sensitive to non light sensitive portion of the neural coat. This coat continues anteriorly as inner layers of the ciliary body and iris. Ciliary Body Retina Choroid Sclera Ora Serrata Lacrimal Gland Eye, 183 Retina Choroid Retina - light sensitive part of the neural coat. Choroid - vascular coat that supports the retina and supplies the outer portion of the retina with oxygen, nutrients, etc. Sclera Sclera - dense white fibrous (collagenous) tissue. Eye, 183 Inner Limiting Membrane Optic Nerve Fiber Layer Ganglion Cell Layer Retina Inner (external) Plexiform Layer Inner (external) Nuclear Layer Outer (external) Plexiform Layer Outer (external) Nuclear Layer Layer of Rods & Cones Pigment Cell Layer Choroid Choriocapillary Layer Sclera Choriocapillary Layer - essential for the maintenance of the retina. Eye, 183 Inner Limiting Membrane Vessel from Central Artery Optic Nerve Fiber Layer Ganglion Cell Layer Inner (external) Plexiform Layer Inner (external) Nuclear Layer Retina Outer (external) Plexiform Layer Outer (external) Nuclear Layer Layer of Rods & Cones Pigment Cell Layer Choroid Choriocapillary Layer Sclera Eye, 183 Ora Serrata Ora Serrata - transition form the light sensisive to non light sensitive part of the neural coat that continues as inner layers of the ciliary body and the iris. In this section the retina is detached and the continuation of the neural coat beyond the ora serrata is detached also. Eye, 183 Iris Cornea Canal of Schlemm Ciliary Processes Ciliary Muscle Ciliary Processes - folds extending from the ciliary body. Ciliary Muscle - smooth muscle that functions to decrease tension on the suspensory fibers of the lens. This decrease in tension allows the lens to become more rounded for close focusing. Canal of Schlemm - this is a canal into which the aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber of the anterior cavity. Eye, 183 Ciliary Processes Ciliary Muscle Ciliary Processes - the neural coat continues over the ciliary body and processes as a nonpigmented and pigmented layer. These epithelial layers assist in the formation of the aqueous humor that is found in the anterior cavity of the eye. Eye, 183 Remnants of the Lens Iris Iris - there is no pupil in this section. See the "Low" image for the description of the layers. Remnants of the Lens - most of the lens fibers have been lost from this section. Eye, 183 Pigment Layer - represents the continuation of the neural coat to the back of the iris. It is actually two layers of epithelium. The nonpigmented layer that is present over the choroid body becomes pigmented as it continues onto the iris. Pigment Layer Stroma of Iris Dilator of Pupil Stroma of Iris - vascular connective tissue with some pigmented cells associated with it. Dilator of Pupil - is modified smooth muscle that is closely associated with the pigment layer and therefore somewhat difficult to identify. Eye, 183 Epithelium Endothelium There are five layers to the cornea, three of which are labeled on this image. Substantia Epithelium - stratified epithelium on the outer surface of thePropria cornea. It is exposed to tears and air. Substantia Propria - avascular dense fibrous tissue. It is predominantly composed of transparent collagen. Endothelium - single layer of cells that lines the inside of the cornea. It is bathed in aqueous humor. Eye, 183 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Bowman’s Membrane Bowman's Membrane - extremely thick basement membrane that underlies the stratified squamous epithelium on the surface of the cornea. Substantia Propria Eye, 183 Endothelium Substantia Propria Descemet’s Membrane Descemet's Membrane - basement membrane underlying the endothelium. Eye, 183 (Demonstration) Eye - Demonstration - This is a section from the same slide as 183, but this section is cut through the pupil and optic papilla. Optic Papilla (Optic Disk,Blind Spot) - exit point for optic nerve fibers and the central vein and the entry point for the central artery. Iris Optic Papilla (Optic Disk) Pupil Lens Eye, 183 (Demonstration) Subarachnoid Space Optic Papilla (Optic Disk) Optic Nerve Branch of Central Artery (or Vein) Eye, 183 (Demonstration) Lens Pigment Spot Sphincter of the Iris Pigment Spot - almost all individual have these darker spots on their iris. They show up especially well in light colored eyes. Pupil Sphincter of the iris - this muscle surrounds the pupil and allows for constriction of the pupillary opening. Eye, 183 (Demonstration) Pigment Cells in Stroma Pigment Layer Pigment Layer - this layer, on the back of the iris, is actually composedPigment of two Spot layers of cells and is present in all individuals except albinos. If there is little pigment in the stroma (anterior to the pigment layer), as is the case in this eye, the result is a light eyed individual. A dark eyed person has large amount of pigment in the stroma. Spincter of the Iris Pigment Spot - almost all individual have these darker spots on their iris. They show up especially well in light colored eyes. Sphincter of the iris - this muscle surrounds the pupil and allows for constriction of the pupillary opening. Eye - Fetal, 182 Conjunctival Sac Eyelid Cornea This slide shows the extent of the conjunctival sac and the immature layers of the eye. The retina and the choroid are both detached. Conjunctival Sac - The posterior side of the eyelid is lined by the palpebral conjunctiva. The anterior portion of the eyeball up to the cornea is lined by the bulbar conjunctiva. The point where the two conjunctival layers meet is called the fornix. Eye - Fetal, 182 Eyelid Cornea Eyelid Thanks to Dr. DeSha for the images!!! B. Dupree NeuroHisto Slides/Quiz Part 3 - Ear Instructions: •View in SLIDE SHOW to get the full effect!!! •TURN SOUND ON!!! •Take your time…Don’t get click-happy •NOTE: These are the exact slides from the HISTO CD, but more fun. Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide This Semicircular is a horizontal section of a decalcified human temporal bone Canals Internal Auditory Meatus Middle Ear - This is a space lined with a thin mucous membrane and is filled with air in life. Pieces of bone in the space are those of the auditory ossicles. InnerEar: Vestibule - This is a space filled with perilymph . In this perilymph space there are membrane structures that contain endolymph, the saccule and utricle. Cochlea Semicircular Canals - These are also parts of the inner ear that contain perilymph. There are endolymph structures called semicircular ducts in these spaces. Internal Carotid Cochlea - This is a coiled structure containing perilymph. It houses an endolymph tube called the cochlear duct. Vestibule Internal Carotid Artery - lies adjacent to the cochlea, thus, sometimes, a pulse can be heard. Tympanic Meatus - The Membrane Internal Auditory continuity between this space and the posterior cranial fossa is not seen on this section. Middle Ear Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide Helicotrema This view of the cochlea is turned 180º from that of the cochlea labeled in the overview Modiolus below. In was photographed with a 2.5x scanning lens so the full extent of the human Scala Media cochlea could be seen. (Cochlear Duct) Modiolus - central bony core of the cochlea. Osseous Spiral Lamina - Extension of bone from the modiolus that projects toward the cochlear duct. Osseous Cochlear Duct (Scala media) - Contains endolymph and the organ of Corti. Spiral Lamina Helicotrema - point where the perilymph in scala vestibuli becomes continuous with scala tympani. Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide Scala Vestibuli Scala Media (Cochlear Duct) Scala Tympani Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide Stria Vascularis Vestibular Membrane Scala Vestibuli Scalathat Media Scala Vestibuli - contains perilymph which is continuous with of the vestibule. Scala Tympani - contains perilymph which is continuous(Cochlear with thatDuct) of scala vestibuli at the Tectorial Membrane helicotrema. The scala tympani ends at the secondary tympanic membrane which seals off the round window. Scala Media (Cochlear Duct) - contains endolymph and the organ of Corti. Tectorial Membrane - structure that overlies the hair cells of the organ of Corti. Osseous Vestibular Membrane - separates scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct. Spiral Lamina Basilar Membrane - is one of the structures that separate the cochlear duct form the scala tympani. Some of the support cells of the organ of Corti rest on the membrane. Spiral Ligament Osseous Spiral Lamina - bony extension from the modiolus that anchors one end of the Basilar Membrane basilar membrane. Scala Tympani Spiral Ligament - anchors the other end of the basilar Organ membrane. of Corti Stria Vascularis - structure in the cochlear duct that produces endolymph. Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide Semicircular Duct Semicircular Canal Semicircular Canal - perilymph space Semicircular Duct - structure containing endolymph Human Temporal Bone, Special Slide Endolymph in Saccule Otolithic Membrane What kind of lymph is in each space? Epithelium of Macula Region of the macula in what is probably the saccule: Branch of Vestibular Nerve (CN VIII) Otolithic Membrane - This structure contains otoconia that are particles of calcium carbonate. (not easily distinguished in this view - The dark purple staining structures in in Vestibule thePerilymph membrane to the side of the label line are artifacts, not otoconia.) Epithelium of Macula - This is composed of sensory hair cells and support cells, but neither of these cell types can be distinguished in this view. Ear, Animal, Special Slide Cochlea Vestibule Cochlear Division of CN VIII Ear, Animal, Special Slide Scala Vestibuli Scala Tympani Vestibular Membrane Tectorial Membrane Osseous Spiral Lamina Stria Vascularis Spiral Ligament Basilar Membrane Ear, Guinea Pig – __________, Etc. Cochlea Vestibule Ear, Guinea Pig – Helicotrema, __________, Etc. Helicotrema Modiolus Spiral Ganglion Cells Ear, Guinea Pig – Helicotrema, Etc. Scala Vestibuli Vestibular Membrane Stria Vascularis Scala Media (Cochlear Duct) Tectorial Membrane Osseous Spiral Lamina Organ of Corti Basilar Membrane Scala Tympani Spiral Ligament Ear, Guinea Pig – Helicotrema, Etc. Bone of Modiolus - central core of bone supporting the cochlea. Osseous Spiral Lamina - shelf of bone from the modiolus. Vestibular Scala Vestibuli Spiral Ganglion Cells - bipolar neurons. Membrane Spiral Limbus - structure to which the base of the tectorial membrane is anchored. Bone of Tectorial membrane - structure associated inModiolus life with the hairs of the hair cells. Vestibular membrane -separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct. Tectorial Membrane Spiral Limbus Scala Tympani Spiral Ganglion Cells Osseous Spiral Lamina Ear, Guinea Pig – Helicotrema, Etc. Basilar Membrane - Structure which vibrates in response to vibrations in perilymph and endolymph. Pillar Cells - supporting cells with numerous microtubules and microfilaments that account for these cells being very stiff supporting cells. Outerin Hair Cell Outer Hair Cells - Three or four in number a section, since there are three to four rows of these depending on the location in the cochlea. These are receptor cells. Inner Hair Cell - A single cell in a section since there is only a single row of inner hair cells. These are also receptor Inner Hair Cellcells. Pillar Cell Basilar Membrane Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista __________________________ Ampullaris and Maculas Crista ampullaris - This is a ridge covered with a sensory epithelium that is located in the ampulla of the semicircular duct. This duct contains endolymph. It is housed in a perilymph space, the semicircular canal. Macula of utricle - Sensory structure in the endolymph containing utricle. The utricle is surrounded by the perilymph of the vestibule. Macula of saccule - Sensory structure in the endolymph containing saccule. The saccule is also housed in the perilymph of the vestibule. Macula of Saccule Macula of Utricle Crista Ampullaris Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista Ampullaris and Maculas Crista Ampullaris Macula of Utricle Macula of Saccule Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista Ampullaris and Maculas Utricle - endolymph structure of the vestibule surrounded by perilymph. Utricle Otolithic Membrane Epithelium of Macula Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista Ampullaris and Maculas Epithelium of Macula Otolithic Membrane Otolithic Membrane - structure of the macula which has otoconia (not visible as individual particles at this magnification) that overlies the sensory epithelium. Epithelium of Macula - composed of hair cells (sensory) and supporting cells. A branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve supplies this epithelium. Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista __________________________ Ampullaris and Maculas Ampulla of the Semicircular Canal Ampulla of the Semicircular Duct Crista Ampullaris Vestibule Ampulla of Semicircular Canal - This is an expanded portion of the semicircular canal. It contains perilymph. Note its continuity with the vestibule. Ampulla of the Semicircular Duct - This is an expanded region of semicircular duct. It contains endolymph. Crista Ampullaris - This is ridge of tissue covered by the sensory epithelium. Ear, Guinea Pig – Crista __________________________ Ampullaris and Maculas Cupula Epithelium of Crista Ampullaris Cupula - A gelatinous material that overlies the hair cells that are part of the sensory epithelium. Epithelium of Crista - composed of sensory (hair cells) and supporting cells. These cannot be distinguished from one another in these sections. Processes of the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear VIII nerve innervate the hair cells. Thanks to Dr. DeSha for the images!!!