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The Toddler With a Major Illness Chapter 19

Sensory/Neurologic Disorders

• Eye conditions – Cataracts – Glaucoma – Strabismus – Eye injury and foreign objects in the eye – Eye infections – Nursing care for the child undergoing eye surgery Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Sensory/Neurologic Disorders (cont.)

• Insertion of foreign bodies into the ear or nose • Drowning – Second leading cause of accidental death in children • Head injuries – Primary cause varies with age: o Fall or child abuse: toddlers and young children  MVAs, bicycling, in-line skating: school-age children and adolescents Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Respiratory Disorders: Croup Syndromes

Respiratory Disorders: Cystic Fibrosis

• Clinical manifestations – – Pancreatic involvement Pulmonary involvement – Other organ involvement • Diagnosis: sweat chloride test • Treatment • Complications arise from respiratory infections Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Nursing Process for the Child With Cystic Fibrosis

Cardiovascular Disorders: Kawasaki Disease

• Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) – – Clinical manifestations Diagnosis – Treatment and nursing care • Cause by infectious agent • Major concern is development of cardiac involvement Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Cardiovascular Disorders: Kawasaki Disease (cont.)

Gastrointestinal Disorders

• Celiac syndrome: the complex of malabsorptive disorders • Ingestion of toxic substances – – Emergency treatment Treatment steps in order of importance • Lead poisoning (plumbism) – Sources • Ingestion of foreign objects Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Integumentary Disorders: Burns

• Major causes: hot liquids, fire, and electricity • Types: – Superficial or first-degree burns – Partial-thickness or second-degree burns – Full-thickness or third-degree burns Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Treatment of Burns

• Emergency treatment – Superficial burns – Partial- and full-thickness burns – Hypovolemic shock occurs within the first 48 hours after a burn Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Scalding Burns

Full-Thickness Burns

Treatment of Moderate to Severe Burns: First Phase (48 to 72 Hours)

Burns

• Complications • Long-term care • Nursing process: see Nursing Care Plan 19.1

Psychosocial Disorders

• Autism – Clinical manifestations – – Diagnosis Treatment goals: o Promotion of normal development – o o Language development Social interaction o Learning Nursing care Copyright © 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins