Transcript Chapter 2: European Exploration and Settlement

Chapter 2: European
Exploration and Settlement
Section 1 - Introduction
• Marco Polo
− Told stories of “The Indies”
− Stated that there were riches but was
too dangerous to travel by land
− People started trying to figure out a way
by water
•They were scared
−Unknown
−World was flat – felt could sail off
the Earth
Section 2: Spain Starts an Empire
• Christopher Columbus
− Wanted to get rich so decided to sail to
the Indies
•Needed money
•Persuaded King Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella of Spain to give money
•Sailed out and landed in the
Caribbean. He found native and
called them Indians because he
thought he was in India.
Columbian Exchange
• Transfer of people, plants, animals,
and diseases back and forth across
Atlantic
• Europeans – Good, better diet and
more riches
• Native Americans – Bad, small pox
and other diseases, some areas 90%
wiped out
Slavery Comes to America
• First slaves were Native Americans
• Slaves were often people who lost wars
and treated as property by their
conquerors
• When they died down African slave traders
began trading Africans to the Europeans
• Africans sold Africans because they
wanted money
• Slaves voyage was horrible, traveled on
crowded, disease infested ships
Cortes Conquers Mexico
• Hernan Cortes (1519) traveled to
Mexico to claim it for Spain
• Reached Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan
and met the powerful Aztec tribes
• Mistaken him for a god
• Killed the Aztecs and put them into
slavery
Pizarro Conquers Peru (1532)
• Finds the Incas and captures the
leader
• Wants gold in return for giving back
leader
• When received the gold still killed the
leader anyways
• Smallpox played a major role in the
conquering of North American
Empires
Questions 2.1 – 2.2
• Who was the man who told stories of “The
Indies” and got everyone excited to find it?
• Who was the man from Spain who sailed from
Spain “The Indies” and ended up in the
Caribbean?
• Who was involved in the Columbian
exchange and for who was it good and for
was it bad?
• Who were the first slaves in North America?
• What disease played a huge role in
conquering the Native American empires in
Spain?
Section 3: The Spanish Borderlands
• Ponce de Leon (1513) went searching for
the “fountain of youth” part of Indian
rumors
• Instead he discovered Florida
• Florida natives were not friendly, drove off
invaders with poisoned arrows
• Died from a poison arrow in his stomach
Coronado Expedition
• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (1540)
searched for the Golden Cities
• Instead found old Native American houses,
pueblos
• Little , crowded village all crumpled
together
• Trip unsuccessful, no money to be found
Setting the Borderlands
• Two types of settlements – 1) Forts and 2)
Missions
• Built forts to claim their areas
• Forts were filled with soldiers if invaders came
they could stop them
• St. Augustine – oldest permanent settlement in
U.S.
• They built missions to spread their religion
• Missionaries came to “give” their religion to
Natives
• Made them convert to the Catholic faith
• If they did not convert were beaten or killed
Impact of Native Americans
• Native Americans and Europeans gained
good and bad from each other.
• Native Americans (Good) – new ways to
survive and grow crops
• Native Americans (Bad) – Death and
disease
• Europeans only benefited by gaining
slaves, money, and land.
Questions Chap. 2.3
• What did Ponce de Leon sail out to find?
• What were the 2 main types of settlements
that Spain established in North America
and who lived in those settlements?
• What did Coronado go out to find?
• What is the oldest permanent settlement in
the United States?
• What was the purpose of Missionaries
being sent to the new settlement?
Section 4: New France
• France wanted part of the glory and went
to the New Land
• Jacques Cartier (1534) sailed and found
Canada, named it “New France”
• Found riches not through gold but through
beavers
• Beaver fur = hot fashion, expensive
• France wanted more people to come so
they offered them free land.
• People gave up farming to hunt beavers
Native American Business Partners
• French saw Native Americans as business
partners and not slaves
• Samuel de Champlain (1608) teamed up
with the Huron Indians and the French lived
with them and even married them
• Helped the Huron to attack their enemies,
the Iroquois
• The Iroquois from that day forward would
be bitter enemies of the French
Claiming Louisiana
• Robert de La Salle (1682) claimed the
Mississippi River and everything west
of it for France
• Named this area Louisiana for the
French monarch, King Louis XIV
Questions 2.4
• When Cartier found Canada he also found
something that was worth more than gold,
what was it?
• French did not see the Native Americans
as slaves, but they saw them as what?
• When Champlain found the Native
Americans he teamed up with them, what
was one thing the French and Native
Americans did to really join as one people?
• La Salle claimed for France everything
west of what river?
Section 5: Jamestown – The First
English Colony
• John Cabot (1497) planned to sail to
Asia
• Missed Asia and landed in North
America
• Claimed this land for England
The Lost Colony of Roanoke
• Sir Walter Raleigh (1587) sailed to
North America and landed in North
Carolina and started a colony
• Bad Luck Colony – nothing worked
right and they all disappeared
• All that was left was the word
CROATOAN carved on a doorpost
• The word even until this day remains
a mystery
Settling Jamestown
• In 1607, the first English colony was settled
in Virginia
• Called it Jamestown
• Colony was surrounded by powerful Indian
tribes and disease carrying mosquitoes
• Men were not farmers, mostly gentlemen
and craftsmen
• To survive English wanted to trade with
Indians, but they did not want to
• Hunger and disease took over
Captain John Smith (1608)
• Took charge of Jamestown
• Met with the Indians and was almost
killed
• Saved by Pocahontas, brought him
food and peace
The Starving Time
• Smith was injured in 1609 by a
gunpowder explosion and returned
to England
• Called this the “Starving Time”
• People died, only 6 to 500 people
survived
• No food – ate dogs, rats, and humans
to try and live
Jamestown Survives
• More English came to help
Jamestown from constant danger of
Indian attacks
• Kidnapped Pocahontas – learned the
English way of life
• Began growing tobacco started by
John Rolfe
• He married Pocahontas and finally
brought peace to Jamestown
Questions 2.5
• What happened to the settlers of the colony
of Roanoke?
• What was the first English colony in the state of
Virginia called?
• Who took the leadership role in this colony?
• What were the three things that the
Jamestown colonists ate during the “Starving
Time” period?
• Who saved the English colony by her
communication between the English and the
Native Americans?
Section 6: New Netherland
• Henry Hudson (1609) wanted to find
the Northwest Passage for the Dutch
• Didn’t find it, but found the Hudson
River
• Made a settlement in modern day
New York and began fur trading
• Dutch West India Company – “New
Netherlands”
Relations with Native Americans
• Peter Minuit (1626) new governor of New
Netherland
• Wanted Manhattan Island traded $24
worth of goods to buy the land
• Dutch traded with North Americans and
became friends
• Dutch supplied Iroquois Indians with guns in
exchange for fur
• Dutch partnered with Iroquois to help them
defeat the Huron tribe
New Amsterdam
• Peter Stuyvesant (1647) hired to be
colony’s new governor
• Called it “New Amsterdam”
• The area began to grow
• They accepted other cultures
• England came in and were stronger
took the land without a fight and
named it New York
Questions 2.6
• Henry Hudson wanted to find the
Northwest Passage for what nationality of
people?
• What was the name of the Fur Company
that Henry Hudson and his colony
established?
• What modern day state did the Dutch
purchase for $24 in goods?