Transcript Slide 1

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE
Hardware
TECHNOLOGY GUIDE OUTLINE
TG1.1 Introduction
TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues
TG1.3 Computer Hierarchy
TG1.4 Input and Output Technologies
TG1.5 The Central Processing Unit
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the major hardware components of a
computer system.
2. Discuss the strategic issues that link
hardware design to business strategy.
3. Describe the hierarchy of computers
according to power and their respective roles.
4. Differentiate the various types of input and
output technologies and their uses.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)
5. Describe the design and functioning of the
central processing unit.
6. Discuss the relationships between
microprocessor component designs and
performance.
7. Describe the main types of primary and
secondary storage.
8. Distinguish between primary and secondary
storage along the dimensions of speed, cost,
and capacity.
TG 1.1 Introduction
Hardware
Hardware consists of:
Central processing unit (CPU)
Primary storage
Secondary storage
Input technologies
Output technologies
Communication technologies
TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues
How do organizations keep up with the rapid price
and performance advancements in hardware?
How often should an organization upgrade its
computers and storage systems?
Will upgrades increase personal and organizational
productivity?
How can organizations measure such increase?
How should organizations determine the need for
new hardware infrastructures?
How do organizations manage employees who can
“work from anywhere?”
TG1.3 Computer Hierarchy
Supercomputers
Mainframe Computers
Midrange Computers
Microcomputers
NASA Supercomputer
Mainframes and Mid-range computers
IBM iSeries
midrange
computer
IBM System Z
mainframe
Microcomputers
Dell desktop
HP notebook
Vaio laptop
Apple
netbook
Amazon Kindle Fire
Motorola
Xoom (tablet)
Apple iPad 2
(tablet)
TG1.4 Input and Output Technologies
Input technologies
Human data-entry
Source-data automation
Various Human Input Devices
Trackball
Pointing Stick
Digital Pen
Web Camera
Wii
Bluetooth Laser
Virtual Keyboard
The Maltron Keyboard
We’ve come a long way!
Keypunch
machine
Punch card
The First Mouse
A very early (if not the first)
mouse demonstration in 1968.
Gesture-Based Input
See video of Oblong’s product, called Mezzanine
Output Technologies
Output generated by a computer can be
transmitted to the user over several output
devices and media, which include:
Monitors
Printers
Plotters
Voice
Electronic Book Readers
Amazon’s
Kindle 3
Sony Reader
Barnes and
Noble Nook
Asus ebook Reader
Flexible Displays
See video of Nokia
flexible display
Multimedia Technology
Multimedia technology
Merges capabilities of
computers with televisions,
VCRs, CD players, DVD
players, video and audio
recording equipment, music
and gaming technologies.
Multimedia Authoring System
TG1.5 The Central Processing Unit
Central processing unit (CPU)
Microprocessor
Control unit
Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
Registers
A Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
(continued)
How the CPU Works
Advances in Microprocessor Design
Moore’s Law: microprocessor complexity
would double every two years.
The Evolution of Chips
For a look at the evolution of chips
from the Intel 4004 to multicore
chips, click here.
Evolution of Computer Power/Cost
Computer Memory
Two basic categories of computer memory:
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Evolution of Man
and Storage
Memory Capacity
Bit
Byte
In this picture, one
byte, 01001000,
represents the letter H
Hierarchy of Memory Capacity
Kilobyte
Megabyte
Gigabyte
Terabyte
Petabyte
Exabyte
Zettabyte
Main Types of Primary Storage
Registers
Random access memory (RAM)
Cache memory
Read-only memory (ROM)
Primary Storage
RAM
Register
MRAM
Cache
Internal workings of personal computer
Hard
disk
drive
Floppy
disk
drive
CPU board
with fan
RAM
Primary versus Secondary Memory
Secondary Storage
Memory capacity that can store very large
amounts of data for extended periods of time.
Magnetic tape (sequential access)
Magnetic disks (direct access)
Optical storage devices
Flash memory devices
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape reel
Magnetic tape cartridge
Hard Drive (Magnetic Disks)
Hard Drive
The IBM Microdrive
Optical Storage Devices
Optical storage devices
Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)
Digital Video Disk (DVD)
VS
The Winner
Flash Memory Devices
Flash memory
Flash memory devices
Thumb drive
Flash Memory Devices
Thumb Drive